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ASTM D8186-18

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Measurement of Impurities in Graphite by Electrothermal Vaporization Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ETV-ICP OES)

Standard Test Method for Measurement of Impurities in Graphite by Electrothermal Vaporization Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ETV-ICP OES)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The presence and content of various impurities in graphite are major considerations in determining the suitability of graphite for various applications. This test method provides an alternative means of determining the content of trace impurities in a graphite sample which has considerable advantages compared to classical wet-chemical analysis methods.  
5.2 The test method provides a standard procedure to measure impurities in graphite and to assure required graphite specifications.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of mass fractions of the elements silver (Ag), aluminum (Al), arsenic (As), boron (B), barium (Ba), berylium (Be), bismuth (Bi), calcium (Ca), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), potassium (K), lithium (Li), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo), sodium (Na), nickel (Ni), phosphorus (P), lead (Pb), sulfur (S), antimony (Sb), silicon (Si), tin (Sn), strontium (Sr), titanium (Ti), vanadium (V), tungsten (W), yitrium (Y), zinc (Zn), and zirconium (Zr) in graphite.  
1.2 Provided that an appropriate validation procedure is carried out, this test method is also applicable to other carbon materials such as coal, coke, carbon black, graphite-felt, graphite-foil, graphite-foam, and fiber reinforced carbon-carbon composites.  
1.3 This test method is applicable to element contents from approximately 0.0001 mg/kg to 1000 mg/kg (0.1 ppmw to 1000 ppmw), depending on element, wavelength, measurement parameters, and sample mass.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
30-Sep-2018
ICS
71.060.10 - Chemical elements
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.F0 - Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Products
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Referred By
ASTM D7301-21 - Standard Specification for Nuclear Graphite Suitable for Components Subjected to Low Neutron Irradiation Dose
Effective Date
01-Oct-2018
Referred By
ASTM C781-20 - Standard Practice for Testing Graphite Materials for Gas-Cooled Nuclear Reactor Components
Effective Date
01-Oct-2018

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ASTM D8186-18 - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Impurities in Graphite by Electrothermal Vaporization Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ETV-ICP OES)ASTM D8186-18 - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Impurities in Graphite by Electrothermal Vaporization Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ETV-ICP OES)
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ASTM D8186-18 - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Impurities in Graphite by Electrothermal Vaporization Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ETV-ICP OES)
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D8186 − 18
Standard Test Method for
Measurement of Impurities in Graphite by Electrothermal
Vaporization Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission
1
Spectrometry (ETV-ICP OES)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8186; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of mass 2.1 ASTM Standards:
fractions of the elements silver (Ag), aluminum (Al), arsenic D1193Specification for Reagent Water
3
(As), boron (B), barium (Ba), berylium (Be), bismuth (Bi),
2.2 ISO Standards:
calcium (Ca), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr),
ISO 5725-2Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measure-
copper(Cu),iron(Fe),potassium(K),lithium(Li),magnesium
ment methods and results—Part 2: Basic method for the
(Mg), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo), sodium (Na),
determination of repeatability and reproducibility of a
nickel (Ni), phosphorus (P), lead (Pb), sulfur (S), antimony
standard measurement method
(Sb), silicon (Si), tin (Sn), strontium (Sr), titanium (Ti),
3. Terminology
vanadium (V), tungsten (W), yitrium (Y), zinc (Zn), and
zirconium (Zr) in graphite.
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 ETV, n—electrothermal vaporization.
1.2 Provided that an appropriate validation procedure is
carried out, this test method is also applicable to other carbon
3.1.2 ICP OES, n—inductively coupled plasma optical
materials such as coal, coke, carbon black, graphite-felt,
emission spectrometry.
graphite-foil, graphite-foam, and fiber reinforced carbon-
4. Summary of Test Method
carbon composites.
4.1 The ETVunit consists of an electrically heated graphite
1.3 This test method is applicable to element contents from
tubefurnace.Graphiteboatswhichfitintothegraphitetubeare
approximately 0.0001mg⁄kg to 1000mg⁄kg (0.1ppmw to
1000ppmw), depending on element, wavelength, measure- used for inserting the sample, crushed and milled if necessary,
into the furnace. Handling of graphite boats is preferably done
ment parameters, and sample mass.
using an automated system. One end of the furnace, which is
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
sealed with a movable door, is used for inserting the graphite
standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are
boats (furnace inlet). The other end of the furnace (furnace
provided for information only and are not considered standard.
outlet) is connected via a tube to the injector tube of the
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
ICP-torch. The graphite tube furnace is heated rapidly to a
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
temperaturewhereevaporationofanalyteelementstakesplace.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Forcompletevolatilizationofanalyteelements,ahalogenating
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
reaction gas is added to the argon carrier gas stream. The
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
evaporation products containing the analyte elements are
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
transported as dry aerosol with the argon carrier gas stream
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
fromthefurnaceoutlettotheICP-torchwheretheyareexcited
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
toemitopticalradiation.Theemittedradiationisdispersedand
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
detected by a simultaneous spectrometer. The intensity of
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
radiation of emission lines and background (optional) is
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Subcommittee D02.F0 on Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Products. the ASTM website.
3
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2018. Published December 2018. DOI: Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
10.1520/D8186-18. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA
...

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5.1 Two- and three-parameter formulations exist for the Weibull distribution. This practice is restricted to the two-parameter formulation. An objective of this practice is to obtain point estimates of the unknown Weibull distribution parameters by using well-defined functions that incorporate the failure data. These functions are referred to as estimators. It is desirable that an estimator be consistent and efficient. In addition, the estimator should produce unique, unbiased estimates of the distribution parameters (6). Different types of estimators exist, such as moment estimators, least-squares estimators, and maximum likelihood estimators. This practice details the use of maximum likelihood estimators.  
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FIG. 1 Failure Strengths for Tensile Test Specimens (left) and Flexural Test Specimens (right) for a Nearly Isotropic Graphite (7)  
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3.1 This test method is primarily concerned with the oxidation mass loss of manufactured carbon and graphite materials in air at temperatures from 371 °C to 677 °C.  
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4.1 Carbon and graphite can usually support higher loads in compression than in any other mode of stress. This test, therefore, provides a measure of the maximum load-bearing capability of carbon and graphite objects.
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the compressive strength of carbon and graphite at room temperature.  
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1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods may be used for quality control testing of established grades of carbon and graphite materials, in the development of new grades, and for other purposes where relative strength levels are the primary quantities of interest. This test method may be applicable only if the ratio of specimen diameter to grain size, or flaw size, is greater than 5.  
4.2 These test methods do not substitute for that described in Test Method C749, but are useful where less sophisticated data and less expensive techniques are sufficient.  
4.3 Carbon and graphite materials exhibit significant physical property differences within parent materials. Exact sampling patterns and grain orientations must be specified in order to make meaningful tensile strength comparisons.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the apparatus, specimen, and procedures for the tension testing of carbon and graphite mechanical materials with a grain size smaller than 0.79 mm.  
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1.2.1 Exception—All of the figures are dimensioned in inches in accordance with the original standard.  
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ASTM C625-15(2021)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Reporting Irradiation Results on Graphite

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4.1 The purpose of this practice is to identify sample and test parameters that may influence graphite irradiation test results. This practice should not be construed as a requirement or recommendation that proprietary information be disclosed.  
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1.1 This practice covers information recommended for inclusion in reports giving graphite irradiation results.  
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