ASTM D6167-19
(Guide)Standard Guide for Conducting Borehole Geophysical Logging: Mechanical Caliper
Standard Guide for Conducting Borehole Geophysical Logging: Mechanical Caliper
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 An appropriately developed, documented, and executed guide is essential for the proper collection and application of caliper logs. This guide is to be used in conjunction with Guide D5753.
5.2 The benefits of its use include the following: improving selection of caliper logging methods and equipment, caliper log quality and reliability, and usefulness of the caliper log data for subsequent display and interpretation.
5.3 This guide applies to commonly used caliper logging methods for geotechnical applications.
5.4 It is essential that personnel (see the Personnel section of Guide D5753) consult up-to-date textbooks and reports on the caliper technique, application, and interpretation methods.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the general procedures necessary to conduct caliper logging of boreholes, wells, access tubes, caissons, or shafts (hereafter referred to as boreholes) as commonly applied to geologic, engineering, groundwater, and environmental (hereafter referred to as geotechnical) investigations. Caliper logging for mineral or petroleum exploration and development are excluded.
1.1.1 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.
1.2 This guide defines a caliper log as a record of borehole diameter with depth.
1.2.1 Caliper logs are essential in the interpretation of geophysical logs since geophysical results can be significantly affected by borehole diameter.
1.2.2 Caliper logs provide useful information for borehole completion and testing and are commonly used to assess borehole diameter, shape, roughness, and stability; calculate borehole volume; provide information on borehole construction; and delineate lithologic contacts, fractures, and solution cavities and other openings.
1.2.2.1 Borehole-diameter information is essential for calculation of volumetric rate from flowmeter logs.
1.2.2.2 Caliper logs are used to locate the optimum placement of inflatable packers for borehole testing. Inflatable packers can only form an effective seal within a specified range of borehole diameters, and can be damaged if they are set in rough or irregular parts of the borehole.
1.2.2.3 Caliper logs are used to estimate the volume of borehole completion material (cement, gravel, etc.) needed to fill the annular space between borehole and casing(s) or well screen.
1.2.2.4 Caliper logs may be applied to correlate lithology between boreholes based upon enlargements related to lithology. The measured borehole diameter may be significantly different than the drilled diameter because of plastic formations expanded into the borehole and friable formations enlarging the borehole. A series of caliper logs may also show increases or decreases in borehole diameter with time.
1.3 This guide is restricted to mechanically based devices with spring-loaded arms, which are the most common calipers used in caliper logging with geotechnical applications.
1.4 This guide provides an overview of caliper logging, including general procedures, specific documentation, calibration and standardization, and log quality and interpretation.
1.5 This guide is to be used in conjunction with Guide D5753.
1.6 This guide should not be used as a sole criterion for caliper logging and does not replace professional judgment. Caliper logging procedures should b...
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D6167 − 19
Standard Guide for
Conducting Borehole Geophysical Logging: Mechanical
1
Caliper
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6167; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.2.2.2 Caliper logs are used to locate the optimum place-
ment of inflatable packers for borehole testing. Inflatable
1.1 This guide covers the general procedures necessary to
packerscanonlyformaneffectivesealwithinaspecifiedrange
conduct caliper logging of boreholes, wells, access tubes,
of borehole diameters, and can be damaged if they are set in
caissons, or shafts (hereafter referred to as boreholes) as
rough or irregular parts of the borehole.
commonly applied to geologic, engineering, groundwater, and
1.2.2.3 Caliper logs are used to estimate the volume of
environmental (hereafter referred to as geotechnical) investi-
borehole completion material (cement, gravel, etc.) needed to
gations. Caliper logging for mineral or petroleum exploration
fill the annular space between borehole and casing(s) or well
and development are excluded.
screen.
1.1.1 This guide offers an organized collection of informa-
1.2.2.4 Caliper logs may be applied to correlate lithology
tion or a series of options and does not recommend a specific
between boreholes based upon enlargements related to lithol-
course of action. This document cannot replace education or
ogy. The measured borehole diameter may be significantly
experience and should be used in conjunction with professional
differentthanthedrilleddiameterbecauseofplasticformations
judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all
expanded into the borehole and friable formations enlarging
circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to repre-
the borehole. A series of caliper logs may also show increases
sent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of
or decreases in borehole diameter with time.
a given professional service must be judged, nor should this
document be applied without consideration of a project’s many 1.3 This guide is restricted to mechanically based devices
unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this with spring-loaded arms, which are the most common calipers
document means only that the document has been approved used in caliper logging with geotechnical applications.
through the ASTM consensus process.
1.4 This guide provides an overview of caliper logging,
including general procedures, specific documentation, calibra-
1.2 This guide defines a caliper log as a record of borehole
diameter with depth. tion and standardization, and log quality and interpretation.
1.2.1 Caliper logs are essential in the interpretation of
1.5 This guide is to be used in conjunction with Guide
geophysical logs since geophysical results can be significantly
D5753.
affected by borehole diameter.
1.6 This guide should not be used as a sole criterion for
1.2.2 Caliper logs provide useful information for borehole
caliper logging and does not replace professional judgment.
completion and testing and are commonly used to assess
Caliper logging procedures should be adapted to meet the
borehole diameter, shape, roughness, and stability; calculate
needs of a range of applications. Information in this guide is
borehole volume; provide information on borehole construc-
stated in general terms so that flexibility or innovation is not
tion; and delineate lithologic contacts, fractures, and solution
suppressed.
cavities and other openings.
1.7 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded
1.2.2.1 Borehole-diameter information is essential for cal-
culation of volumetric rate from flowmeter logs. as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to inch-pound units, which are provided for
information only and are not considered standard. Reporting of
test results in units other than SI shall not be regarded as
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock
nonconformance with this standard.
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.01 on Surface and Subsurface
Characterization.
1.8 This guide does not purport to address all of the safety
Current edition approved May 1, 2019. Published May 2019. Originally
and liability problems (for example, lost or lodged probes and
approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D6167-11. DOI:
10.1520/D6167-19. equipment decontamination) associated with its
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D6167 − 11 D6167 − 19
Standard Guide for
Conducting Borehole Geophysical Logging: Mechanical
1
Caliper
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6167; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*Scope
1.1 This guide covers the general procedures necessary to conduct caliper logging of boreholes, wells, access tubes, caissons,
or shafts (hereafter referred to as boreholes) as commonly applied to geologic, engineering, groundwater, and environmental
(hereafter referred to as geotechnical) investigations. Caliper logging for mineral or petroleum exploration and development are
excluded.
1.1.1 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course
of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment.
Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace
the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied
without consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the
document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.
1.2 This guide defines a caliper log as a record of borehole diameter with depth.
1.2.1 Caliper logs are essential in the interpretation of geophysical logs since they geophysical results can be significantly
affected by borehole diameter.
1.2.2 Caliper logs provide useful information for borehole completion and testing and are commonly used to measureassess
borehole diameter, shape, roughness, and stability; calculate borehole volume; provide information on borehole construction; and
delineate lithologic contacts, fractures, and solution cavities and other openings.
1.2.2.1 Borehole-diameter information is essential for calculation of volumetric rate from flowmeter logs.
1.2.2.2 Caliper logs provide useful information for borehole completion and testing.
1.2.2.2 Caliper logs are used to locate the optimum placement of inflatable packers for borehole testing. Inflatable packers can
only form an effective seal within a specified range of borehole diameters, and can be damaged if they are set in rough or irregular
parts of the borehole.
1.2.2.3 Caliper logs are used to estimate the volume of borehole completion material (cement, gravel, etc.) needed to fill the
annular space between borehole and casing(s) or well screen.
1.2.2.4 Caliper logs may be applied to correlate lithology between boreholes based upon enlargements related to lithology. The
measured borehole diameter may be significantly different than the drilled diameter because of plastic formations extrudedex-
panded into the borehole and friable formations enlarging the borehole. A series of caliper logs may also show increases or
decreases in borehole diameter with time.
1.3 This guide is restricted to mechanically based devices with spring-loaded arms, which are the most common calipers used
in caliper logging with geotechnical applications.
1.4 This guide provides an overview of caliper logging, including general procedures, specific documentation, calibration and
standardization, and log quality and interpretation.
1.5 To obtain additional information on caliper logs see Section 9 of this guide.
1.5 This guide is to be used in conjunction with Guide D5753.
1.6 This guide should not be used as a sole criterion for caliper logging and does not replace professional judgment. Caliper
logging procedures should be adapted to meet the needs of a range of applications and applications. Information in this guide is
stated in general terms so that flexibility or innovation is not suppressed.
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.01 on Surface and Subsurface
Characterization.
Current edition approved May 1, 2011May 1, 2019. Published June 2011May 2019. Originally approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 19972011 as
D6167-97(2004).D6167-11. DOI: 10.1520/D6167-11. 10.1520/D6167-19.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100
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