ASTM B593-96(2009)e1
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Bending Fatigue Testing for Copper-Alloy Spring Materials
Standard Test Method for Bending Fatigue Testing for Copper-Alloy Spring Materials
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The bending fatigue test described in this test method provides information on the ability of a copper alloy flat-spring material to resist the development of cracks or general mechanical deterioration as a result of a relatively large number of cycles (generally in the range 105 to 108) under conditions of constant displacement.
This test method is primarily a research and development tool which may be used to determine the effect of variations in materials on fatigue strength and also to provide data for use in selecting copper alloy spring materials for service under conditions of repeated strain cycling.
The results are suitable for direct application in design only when all design factors such as loading, geometry of part, frequency of straining, and environmental conditions are known. The test method is generally unsuitable for an inspection test or a quality control test due to the amount of time and effort required to collect the data.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes procedures for the determination of the reversed or repeated bending fatigue properties of copper alloy flat-sheet or strip-spring materials by fixed cantilever, constant deflection (that is, constant amplitude of displacement)-type testing machines. This method is limited to flat stock ranging in thickness from 0.005 to 0.062 in. (0.13 to 1.57 mm), to a fatigue-life range of 105 to 108 cycles, and to conditions where no significant change in stress-strain relations occurs during the test.
Note 1—This implies that the load-deflection characteristics of the material do not change as a function of the number of cycles within the precision of measurement. There is no significant cyclic hardening or softening.
1.2 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 The following safety hazard caveat pertains only to the test methods(s) described in this test method.
1.3.1 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation: B593 − 96(Reapproved 2009)
Standard Test Method for
Bending Fatigue Testing for Copper-Alloy Spring Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B593; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
´ NOTE—Editorially updated in August 2009.
1. Scope the Statistical Analysis of Fatigue Data; Replaced by
E1150 (Withdrawn 1988)
1.1 This test method describes procedures for the determi-
E468Practice for Presentation of Constant Amplitude Fa-
nationofthereversedorrepeatedbendingfatiguepropertiesof
tigue Test Results for Metallic Materials
copper alloy flat-sheet or strip-spring materials by fixed
2.2 Other ASTM Documents:
cantilever, constant deflection (that is, constant amplitude of
displacement)-typetestingmachines.Thismethodislimitedto
ASTM STP 91-A
flat stock ranging in thickness from 0.005 to 0.062 in. (0.13 to
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1.57 mm), to a fatigue-life range of 10 to 10 cycles, and to
3. Terminology
conditionswherenosignificantchangeinstress-strainrelations
3.1 For terminology relating to this test method, refer to
occurs during the test.
Definitions E206 and Practice E468.
NOTE 1—This implies that the load-deflection characteristics of the
material do not change as a function of the number of cycles within the 3.2 Fordeterminationoftermsrelatingtocopperandcopper
precision of measurement. There is no significant cyclic hardening or
alloys, refer to Terminology B846.
softening.
4. Summary of Test Method
1.2 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be
regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are
4.1 A prepared test specimen of a specific wrought copper
mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for
alloy flat-sheet or strip-spring material is mounted into a fixed
information only and are not considered standard.
cantilever, constant-deflection type fatigue testing machine.
The specimen is held at one end, acting as a cantilever beam,
1.3 The following safety hazard caveat pertains only to the
and cycled by flexure followed by reverse flexure until
test methods(s) described in this test method.
completefailure.Thenumberofcyclestofailureisrecordedas
1.3.1 This standard does not purport to address all of the
a measure of fatigue-life.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5. Significance and Use
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5.1 The bending fatigue test described in this test method
providesinformationontheabilityofacopperalloyflat-spring
2. Referenced Documents
material to resist the development of cracks or general me-
chanicaldeteriorationasaresultofarelativelylargenumberof
2.1 ASTM Standards:
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cycles (generally in the range 10 to 10 ) under conditions of
B846Terminology for Copper and Copper Alloys
constant displacement.
E206Definitions of Terms Relating to Fatigue Testing and
5.2 This test method is primarily a research and develop-
ment tool which may be used to determine the effect of
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee B05 on Copper
variations in materials on fatigue strength and also to provide
and Copper Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B05.06 on
data for use in selecting copper alloy spring materials for
Methods of Test.
service under conditions of repeated strain cycling.
Current edition approved April 1, 2009. Published August 2009. Originally
approved in 1973. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as B593–96 (2003).
DOI: 10.1520/B0593-96R09E01.
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For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM www.astm.org.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
the ASTM website. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org.
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B593 − 96 (2009)
5.3 The results are suitable for direct application in design 7.2.1 The specimens are best prepared by cross milling a
onlywhenalldesignfactorssuchasloading,geometryofpart, stack,approximately0.75in.(19mm)thick,includingback-up
frequency of straining, and environmental conditions are plates, for which 0.12-in. (3-mm) thick brass sheet stock may
known. The test method is generally unsuitable for an inspec- be used.
tion test or a quality control test due to the amount of time and 7.2.1.1 It is necessary to ensure that any cutting or machin-
effort required to collect the data. ing operation required to either rough cut the test specimen
from the blank, or to machine it to size does not appreciably
6. Apparatus
alter the metallurgical structure or properties of the material.
All cuts taken in machining should be such as to minimize
6.1 Testing Machine—The fatigue testing machine is a
work hardening of the test specimen.
fixed-cantilever, constant-deflection type machine. In this ma-
7.2.1.2 Inselectingcuttingspeedsandfeedrates,dueregard
chine (Fig. 1) the test specimen shall be held as a cantilever
should be paid to the test-specimen material, and for finishing
beam in a clamp at one end and deflected by a concentrated
cuts, to the quality of the surface finish required.
load applied near the other end of the apex of the tapered
section (Fig. 2). Either the clamp or the loading member may
NOTE 2—It is not practicable to recommend a single procedure for
be adjusted so that the deflection of the free end of the
feeds, speeds, and depth of cut, since this will vary with the material
tested. The procedure used, however, should be noted in reporting test
cantilever is either completely reversed (mean displacement
results, since differences in procedure may produce variability in test
equal to zero) or greater in one direction of bending (mean
results among different laboratories.
displacement not equal to zero).
7.3 The test specimen surface shall be in the as-received
6.2 Asuitable counter and monitoring circuit is required to
conditio
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