ASTM F537-01(2014)

Standard Specification for Design, Fabrication, and Installation of Fences Constructed of Wood and Related Materials

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the design, fabrication, and installation practices for wood fences, including fences combined with wood and other materials, that are based on fundamental construction principles combined with long-standing traditional fence building skills. This specification also provides a systematic method of purchase, inspection with basis for rejection, and certification of manufactured wood fences by the fence industry. The generic classifications for wood fencing covered here are the rail fences (Type I), board fences (Type II), picket fences (Type III), and solid panel fences (Type IV).
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers all wood fences, including fences combined with wood and other materials.  
1.2 This specification covers three classifications of wood fences. This specification is based on fundamental construction principles combined with long-standing traditional fence building skills, and covers the design, fabrication, and installation practices of wood fences.  
1.3 This specification also provides a systematic method of purchase, inspection with basis for rejection, and certification of manufactured wood fences by the fence industry.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. Acceptable industry-wide SI equivalents are being developed.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Sep-2014
• ICS: 91.090 - External structures
• Technical Committee: F14 - Fences
• Drafting Committee: F14.10 - Specific Applications and Other Fence Systems and Components

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM F537-01(2007) - Standard Specification for Design, Fabrication, and Installation of Fences Constructed of Wood and Related Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2014
• Referred By: ASTM F2698-08(2018) - Standard Guide for Fences for Above-Ground and In-ground Skate Park Facilities
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2014
• Referred By: ASTM F2699-08(2018) - Standard Guide for Fences for Commercial and Public Outdoor Water Spray/Play Areas
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2014

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:F537 −01 (Reapproved 2014)
Standard Specification for
Design, Fabrication, and Installation of Fences Constructed
of Wood and Related Materials
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationF537;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope for Preparing Pentachlorophenol Solutions (Withdrawn
1992)
1.1 This specification covers all wood fences, including
D3225Specification for Low-Boiling Hydrocarbon Solvent
fences combined with wood and other materials.
for Oil-Borne Preservatives (Withdrawn 2006)
1.2 This specification covers three classifications of wood
D3506Specification for Inhibited Grade Methylene Chlo-
fences.Thisspecificationisbasedonfundamentalconstruction
ride for Preparing Pentachlorophenol Solutions (With-
principlescombinedwithlong-standingtraditionalfencebuild- 3
drawn 1992)
ing skills, and covers the design, fabrication, and installation
F1043Specification for Strength and Protective Coatings on
practices of wood fences.
Steel Industrial Fence Framework
F1667SpecificationforDrivenFasteners:Nails,Spikes,and
1.3 This specification also provides a systematic method of
purchase, inspection with basis for rejection, and certification Staples
2.2 Federal Standards:
of manufactured wood fences by the fence industry.
TT-W-572B Fungicide: Pentachlorophenol
1.4 Thevaluesstatedininch-poundunitsaretoberegarded
2.3 Canadian Standards Association Document:
as the standard. Acceptable industry-wide SI equivalents are
B111-74Specification for Wire Nails, Spikes, and Staples
being developed.
2.4 National Forest Products Association Standard:
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
National Design Specification for Stress Grade Lumber and
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- 6
Its Fastenings
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
2.5 Voluntary Product Standards:
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- 7
PS20-70Softwood Lumber
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
PS1-74 Softwood Plywood
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2.6 American Plywood Association Standard:
Specification for Plywood Design
2. Referenced Documents
2.7 American Wood Preservers Association Standards:
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C1AllTimberProducts,PreservativeTreatmentbyPressure
A641/A641MSpecification for Zinc–Coated (Galvanized)
Process
Carbon Steel Wire
C2Lumber, Timbers, Bridge Ties, Mine Ties, Preservative
A809 Specification for Aluminum-Coated (Aluminized)
Treatment by Pressure Process
Carbon Steel Wire
C5Fence Post, PreservativeTreatment by Pressure Process
B221Specification forAluminum andAluminum-Alloy Ex-
truded Bars, Rods, Wire, Profiles, and Tubes
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
D2605Specification for Volatile Petroleum Solvent (LPG)
www.astm.org.
AvailablefromStandardizationDocumentsOrderDesk,Bldg.4SectionD,700
Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.
1 5
ThisspecificationisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeF14onFences Available from Canadian Standards Association, 178 Rexdale Blvd., Rexdale,
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F14.10 on Specific Applications Ontario, Canada M9W 1R3.
and Other Fence Systems and Components. AvailablefromNationalForestProductsAssociation,1619MassachusettsAve.,
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2014. Published November 2014. Originally N.W., Washington, DC 20036.
approvedin1978.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2007asF537-01(2007).DOI: Available from U.S. Department of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards,
10.1520/F0537-01R14. Washington, DC 20234.
2 8
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Available from American Plywood Association, 1119 A St., Tacoma, WA
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM 98401.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from American Wood Preservers Association, P.O. Box 849,
the ASTM website. Stevensville, MD 21666.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F537−01 (2014)
C9Plywood, Preservative Treatment by Pressure Process 3.2.7 pencilpoint—apicketorboardthatisconicalinshape,
C16Wood Used on Farms, Preservative Treatment by Pres- and common to round and half-round pickets.
sure Process
3.2.8 standard clipped corners (or dog-eared corners)—
C23RoundPolesandPostsUsedForBuildingConstruction,
corners which are clipped diagonally (approximately 45°).
Preservative Treatment by Pressure Process
3.2.9 standard point—a picket or fence board cut to a point
M4 Care of Pressure Treated Wood Products
at approximately 45° angles.
3.2.10 posts—fence posts are specified by the desired shape
3. Terminology
or manufacture of their above ground tops as described in
3.1 Definitions:
3.2.11 through 3.2.15.
3.1.1 back rails—rails on which cover material is directly
3.2.11 chamfered posts—in round or square posts, the shal-
attached.
low diagonal cut or easing of the otherwise square-cut end.
3.1.2 boards—lumberthatisupto1in.innominalthickness
3 1
Usually measures from ⁄4to 1 ⁄2 in. along the chamfer.
and 2 in. or wider in nominal width.
3.2.12 diamond-point posts—the pyramid-shaped ends of
3.1.3 cover material—the face or fill material attached to a
post which are formed by angle cuts of approximately 45°.
fence structural frame.
3.2.13 domed posts—roundedendsofeitherroundorsquare
3.1.4 custom fence design—any fence design that is signifi-
posts.
cantly different from those described in this specification.
3.2.14 flattop fence posts—the square cut ends of post.
Custom fence designs are also required to meet all require-
ments regarding materials, fabrication, installation,
3.2.15 pencil-pointposts—conicallyshapedroundposttops.
workmanship, and structural equivalency as set forth within
this specification.
4. Classification of Standard Fence Types
3.1.5 panel products—all modular products available in
4.1 The generic classifications of wood fencing in 4.2
standardized rectangular panels, many of which are suited to
through 4.5 have gained common recognition throughout the
exterior applications such as privacy fencing. Examples are
fence industry and are adapted to this specification as a means
plywood, fiberglass, and corrugated metals.
of identifying a basic fence type. These classifications may be
used in all cases as part of the purchase agreement between
3.1.6 pickets—narrow wood members that are sawn, split,
buyers and sellers of wood fencing; except a detailed
sliced, milled, natural round or half-round, and are approxi-
description, drawing, or rendering of a custom fence design
mately 2 to 4 in. in face or coverage width.
may be substituted where necessary.
3.1.7 posts—the vertical structural support members of the
4.2 Type I—Rail Fences:
fence frame.
4.2.1 Split Rail—The common country fence of alternating
3.1.8 rails—the horizontal structural support members of
layers of handsplit rails laid up in zigzag tiers.
the fence frame.
4.2.2 SplitorSawnPostandRail,orBoth—Therusticfence
3.1.9 slats or weave boards—the horizontal or vertical
made up of split or sawn rails (two to four rails) installed into
3 3
membersusedinbasketweavetypefencesnormally ⁄8to ⁄4in.
slotted split or sawn posts.
thick and 3 in. or wider in nominal width.
4.2.3 Round Post and Rail—A fence similar to that de-
3.1.10 standard fence design—anyfencestructuralframeor
scribed in 4.2.2, except posts and rails are round or natural
fence-type classification covered within this specification. shaped; normally produced in two, three, and four rail fences.
The rails are machined at ends to form a paddle-shaped scarf
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
jointtobeinstalledintopostslotsorformedintodoweledends
3.2.1 boards or pickets—fence boards or pickets are speci-
for installing into posts with round connections.
fied by the desired shape or manufacture of the upright end
4.2.3.1 Herringbone Pattern Round Post and Rail—Afence
when installed vertically as described in 3.2.2 through 3.2.9.
as described in 4.2.3, except it is normally a three-rail fence
3.2.2 California clipped corners—corners similar to 3.2.8,
with small round wood inserts (doweled) which are installed
except the clip angle is steeper at approximately 65°.
between the upper two rails to form the familiar herringbone
pattern.
3.2.3 diamond point—a board or picket similar to the
standard point (3.2.9), except it consists of additional angular 4.2.3.2 English Hurdle Fence—A standard post and rail
cuts, front and back, so that the top appears as a triangle from fence as described in 4.2.2 and 4.2.3, except that two smaller
four angles of view, or pyramid shaped. rails are installed diagonally from the fence posts (usually
below the bottom rail connection) extending upwards to just
3.2.4 flattop—a simple flat or 90° square cut end.
above the fence top rail where they intersect and join a third
3.2.5 gothic—apicketorboardinwhichtheshapeisformed
decorative rail of the same approximate size, which extends
by two arc-shaped cuts that meet at center to form a graceful
downward to just below the bottom rail at a perpendicular
point at the top.
angle.
3.2.6 handsplit—pickets, posts, and rails which are split by 4.2.4 Post and Board—The fence often referred to as corral
machine or by hand using an axe or froe, etc. fenceisnormallyconstructedusingsawnwoodposts,although
F537−01 (2014)
round wood posts are sometimes used, with boards serving as The pickets may be installed solid or by specified spacing
rails. They are commonly constructed in two, three, or four where desired for light and ventilation.
board configurations.
4.4.2 Grape Stake Picket—A fence that is sometimes re-
4.2.4.1 Crossbuck Post and Board—Afence as described in
ferred to by the picket type, either handsplit or machine sliced.
4.2.4, except that two boards diagonally cross each other
This is a popular fence in the durable species and is usually
between two standard top and bottom board rails.
constructed with handsplit or machined back rails and posts. It
4.2.4.2 Crossbuck Post and Rail—A fence as in 4.2.4.1,
is most often installed with solid picket cover, but can be
except rails are 2-in. or thicker nominal lumber.
utilized as a spaced picket fence.
4.2.4.3 Hurdle Post and Board—A fence having the same
4.4.3 Stockade Picket—A fence that is similar to other
geometric arrangement as the English hurdle fence in 4.2.3.2,
picket fences, except the pickets are natural, machine milled,
except all rails are sawn boards.
round, or sliced to half-round; and are available with bark
4.2.4.4 Hurdle Post and Rail—A fence as described in
removed, or with bark on for an added rustic effect.This fence
4.2.4.3,excepttopandbottomrailsare2in.orthickernominal
is popular in common wood species, and may be installed to
lumber.
round wood posts and round or half-round back rails, sawn
4.3 Type II—Board Fences: Every design within this type
posts, and back rails; or back rails attached to metal posts.
may be supported by sawn wood posts, round wood posts, or
4.4.4 Wire-Bound Picket—This fencing is wire-bound,
metal posts.
wooden picket fencing, in roll form. It is used for applications
4.3.1 Solid Board Fence—A fence that is constructed of
such as but not limited to, snow, shade, safety, sand, and
ordinary wood fence boards which are usually installed
screening. The fence is fabricated with a 2- or 4-in. maximum
vertically, but occasionally horizontally or diagonally, over a
rather conventional fence frame of from two to four rails spacing between pickets as specified by the purchaser. Each
between posts. picket is held firmly by five pairs of zinc-coated wires. Each
4.3.2 Spaced Board Fence—A fence as described in 4.3.1,
pair of wires is tightly twisted by rotating a twister head a
except that open space is provided between the boards either
minimum of 2½ complete revolutions (900° of rotation) for
for eye appeal or for ventilation.
2-in.spacingand5completerevolutions(1800°ofrotation)for
4.3.3 Shadow Box—A fence that is constructed like a solid
the 4-in. spacing.
board fence (see 4.3.1), except that fence boards are installed
4.4.4.1 The twist rotation shall be in opposite directions
alternately from one side of the fence rails to the other,
between each succeeding picket. The wire shall have a mini-
providing interesting shadow lines as well as excellent venti-
mum coated diameter of 0.099 in. (12 ⁄2 gage) and a minimum
lation. This fence is commonly offered in either vertical or
zinc coating of 0.30 oz/ft (Specification A641/A641M, Class
horizontal panels.
1) or a minimum aluminum coating of 0.32 oz/ft (Specifica-
4.3.4 Louver—A fence which is similar to common board
tion A809) as selected by the purchaser. It shall have a
fences (4.3.1) in frame configuration, except that fence boards
minimum tensile strength of 70 000 psi in accordance with
areinstalledangularlybetweenthefencerailswiththeeffectof
Specification A641/A641M or Specification A809, Medium
directingsunlightandairinadesirableway.Thesefencesmay
Temper. The wire spacing of top and bottom pairs of wires
be constructed with the board louvers installed vertically or
shallbenotlessthan3in.andnotmorethan6in.fromtheends
horizontally.
of the pickets, with the remaining pairs of wires spaced
4.3.5 Weave—A fence similar to the shadow box (4.3.3),
equidistant between the top and bottom wires.
except each individual fence board, normally 1 in. nominal in
4.4.4.2 The length of roll of fabricated fence shall be 50 ft
thickness, is alternately attached to one side of the top rail and
the opposite side of the bottom rail. It may be constructed 6 6 in. The pickets shall be made of spruce, hemlock, cedar,
vertically as described, or horizontally (minus rails) by alter- redwood, fir, or pine, air-dried and rough sawn. The pickets
nating installation of the boards directly to the fence posts.
may be stained, painted with a red oxide coating, or pressure-
4.3.6 Basket Weave—A fence similar to the weave (4.3.5),
treated in accordance with 9.4 as specified. Picket dimension
3 3
3 1 1
except basket boards (commonly ⁄8to ⁄4in. in thickness) are
shallbe:length,either48or72 6 ⁄16in.;width,1 ⁄2 6 ⁄16in.;
3 1
woven alternately between from one to five small wood
and thickness, ⁄8 6 ⁄16in.
members (sometimes 1 by 2, 1 by 3, or 1 by 4-in. nominal),
4.5
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: F537 − 01 (Reapproved 2007) F537 − 01 (Reapproved 2014)
Standard Specification for
Design, Fabrication, and Installation of Fences Constructed
of Wood and Related Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F537; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers all wood fences, including fences combined with wood and other materials.
1.2 This specification covers three classifications of wood fences. This specification is based on fundamental construction
principles combined with long-standing traditional fence building skills, and covers the design, fabrication, and installation
practices of wood fences.
1.3 This specification also provides a systematic method of purchase, inspection with basis for rejection, and certification of
manufactured wood fences by the fence industry.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. Acceptable industry-wide SI equivalents are being
developed.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A641/A641M Specification for Zinc–Coated (Galvanized) Carbon Steel Wire
A809 Specification for Aluminum-Coated (Aluminized) Carbon Steel Wire
B221 Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Extruded Bars, Rods, Wire, Profiles, and Tubes
D2605 Specification for Volatile Petroleum Solvent (LPG) for Preparing Pentachlorophenol Solutions (Withdrawn 1992)
D3225 Specification for Low-Boiling Hydrocarbon Solvent for Oil-Borne Preservatives (Withdrawn 2006)
D3506 Specification for Inhibited Grade Methylene Chloride for Preparing Pentachlorophenol Solutions (Withdrawn 1992)
F1043 Specification for Strength and Protective Coatings on Steel Industrial Fence Framework
F1667 Specification for Driven Fasteners: Nails, Spikes, and Staples
2.2 Federal Standards:
TT-W-572B Fungicide: Pentachlorophenol
2.3 Canadian Standards Association Document:
B111-74 Specification for Wire Nails, Spikes, and Staples
2.4 National Forest Products Association Standard:
National Design Specification for Stress Grade Lumber and Its Fastenings
2.5 Voluntary Product Standards:
PS 20-70 Softwood Lumber
PS 1-74 Softwood Plywood
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F14 on Fences and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F14.15 on Other Fence Systems and
Components.
Current edition approved July 1, 2007Oct. 1, 2014. Published July 2007November 2014. Originally approved in 1978. Last previous edition approved in 20012007 as
F537 - 01.F537 - 01(2007). DOI: 10.1520/F0537-01R07.10.1520/F0537-01R14.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.
Available from Canadian Standards Association, 178 Rexdale Blvd., Rexdale, Ontario, Canada M 9W 1R3.
Available from National Forest Products Association, 1619 Massachusetts Ave., N.W., Washington, DC 20036.
Available from U.S. Department of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards, Washington, DC 20234.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F537 − 01 (2014)
2.6 American Plywood Association Standard:
Specification for Plywood Design
2.7 American Wood Preservers Association Standards:
C1 All Timber Products, Preservative Treatment by Pressure Process
C2 Lumber, Timbers, Bridge Ties, Mine Ties, Preservative Treatment by Pressure Process
C5 Fence Post, Preservative Treatment by Pressure Process
C9 Plywood, Preservative Treatment by Pressure Process
C16 Wood Used on Farms, Preservative Treatment by Pressure Process
C23 Round Poles and Posts Used For Building Construction, Preservative Treatment by Pressure Process
M 4 Care of Pressure Treated Wood Products
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 back rails—rails on which cover material is directly attached.
3.1.2 boards—lumber that is up to 1 in. in nominal thickness and 2 in. or wider in nominal width.
3.1.3 cover material—the face or fill material attached to a fence structural frame.
3.1.4 custom fence design—any fence design that is significantly different from those described in this specification. Custom
fence designs are also required to meet all requirements regarding materials, fabrication, installation, workmanship, and structural
equivalency as set forth within this specification.
3.1.5 panel products—all modular products available in standardized rectangular panels, many of which are suited to exterior
applications such as privacy fencing. Examples are plywood, fiberglass, and corrugated metals.
3.1.6 pickets—narrow wood members that are sawn, split, sliced, milled, natural round or half-round, and are approximately 2
to 4 in. in face or coverage width.
3.1.7 posts—the vertical structural support members of the fence frame.
3.1.8 rails—the horizontal structural support members of the fence frame.
3 3
3.1.9 slats or weave boards—the horizontal or vertical members used in basketweave type fences normally ⁄8 to ⁄4 in. thick and
3 in. or wider in nominal width.
3.1.10 standard fence design—any fence structural frame or fence-type classification covered within this specification.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 boards or pickets—fence boards or pickets are specified by the desired shape or manufacture of the upright end when
installed vertically as described in 3.2.2 through 3.2.9.
3.2.2 California clipped corners—corners similar to 3.2.8, except the clip angle is steeper at approximately 65°.
3.2.3 diamond point—a board or picket similar to the standard point (3.2.9), except it consists of additional angular cuts, front
and back, so that the top appears as a triangle from four angles of view, or pyramid shaped.
3.2.4 flattop—a simple flat or 90° square cut end.
3.2.5 gothic—a picket or board in which the shape is formed by two arc-shaped cuts that meet at center to form a graceful point
at the top.
3.2.6 handsplit—pickets, posts, and rails which are split by machine or by hand using an axe or froe, etc.
3.2.7 pencil point—a picket or board that is conical in shape, and common to round and half-round pickets.
3.2.8 standard clipped corners (or dog-eared corners)—corners which are clipped diagonally (approximately 45°).
3.2.9 standard point—a picket or fence board cut to a point at approximately 45° angles.
3.2.10 posts—fence posts are specified by the desired shape or manufacture of their above ground tops as described in 3.2.11
through 3.2.15.
3.2.11 chamfered posts—in round or square posts, the shallow diagonal cut or easing of the otherwise square-cut end. Usually
3 1
measures from ⁄4 to 1 ⁄2 in. along the chamfer.
3.2.12 diamond-point posts—the pyramid-shaped ends of post which are formed by angle cuts of approximately 45°.
3.2.13 domed posts—rounded ends of either round or square posts.
3.2.14 flattop fence posts—the square cut ends of post.
3.2.15 pencil-point posts—conically shaped round post tops.
Available from American Plywood Association, 1119 A St., Tacoma, WA 98401.
Available from American Wood Preservers Association, P.O. Box 849, Stevensville, MD 21666.
F537 − 01 (2014)
4. Classification of Standard Fence Types
4.1 The generic classifications of wood fencing in 4.2 through 4.5 have gained common recognition throughout the fence
industry and are adapted to this specification as a means of identifying a basic fence type. These classifications may be used in
all cases as part of the purchase agreement between buyers and sellers of wood fencing; except a detailed description, drawing,
or rendering of a custom fence design may be substituted where necessary.
4.2 Type I—Rail Fences:
4.2.1 Split Rail—The common country fence of alternating layers of handsplit rails laid up in zigzag tiers.
4.2.2 Split or Sawn Post and Rail, or Both—The rustic fence made up of split or sawn rails (two to four rails) installed into
slotted split or sawn posts.
4.2.3 Round Post and Rail—A fence similar to that described in 4.2.2, except posts and rails are round or natural shaped;
normally produced in two, three, and four rail fences. The rails are machined at ends to form a paddle-shaped scarf joint to be
installed into post slots or formed into doweled ends for installing into posts with round connections.
4.2.3.1 Herringbone Pattern Round Post and Rail—A fence as described in 4.2.3, except it is normally a three-rail fence with
small round wood inserts (doweled) which are installed between the upper two rails to form the familiar herringbone pattern.
4.2.3.2 English Hurdle Fence—A standard post and rail fence as described in 4.2.2 and 4.2.3, except that two smaller rails are
installed diagonally from the fence posts (usually below the bottom rail connection) extending upwards to just above the fence top
rail where they intersect and join a third decorative rail of the same approximate size, which extends downward to just below the
bottom rail at a perpendicular angle.
4.2.4 Post and Board—The fence often referred to as corral fence is normally constructed using sawn wood posts, although
round wood posts are sometimes used, with boards serving as rails. They are commonly constructed in two, three, or four board
configurations.
4.2.4.1 Crossbuck Post and Board—A fence as described in 4.2.4, except that two boards diagonally cross each other between
two standard top and bottom board rails.
4.2.4.2 Crossbuck Post and Rail—A fence as in 4.2.4.1, except rails are 2-in. or thicker nominal lumber.
4.2.4.3 Hurdle Post and Board—A fence having the same geometric arrangement as the English hurdle fence in 4.2.3.2, except
all rails are sawn boards.
4.2.4.4 Hurdle Post and Rail—A fence as described in 4.2.4.3, except top and bottom rails are 2 in. or thicker nominal lumber.
4.3 Type II—Board Fences: Every design within this type may be supported by sawn wood posts, round wood posts, or metal
posts.
4.3.1 Solid Board Fence—A fence that is constructed of ordinary wood fence boards which are usually installed vertically, but
occasionally horizontally or diagonally, over a rather conventional fence frame of from two to four rails between posts.
4.3.2 Spaced Board Fence—A fence as described in 4.3.1, except that open space is provided between the boards either for eye
appeal or for ventilation.
4.3.3 Shadow Box—A fence that is constructed like a solid board fence (see 4.3.1), except that fence boards are installed
alternately from one side of the fence rails to the other, providing interesting shadow lines as well as excellent ventilation. This
fence is commonly offered in either vertical or horizontal panels.
4.3.4 Louver—A fence which is similar to common board fences (4.3.1) in frame configuration, except that fence boards are
installed angularly between the fence rails with the effect of directing sunlight and air in a desirable way. These fences may be
constructed with the board louvers installed vertically or horizontally.
4.3.5 Weave—A fence similar to the shadow box (4.3.3), except each individual fence board, normally 1 in. nominal in
thickness, is alternately attached to one side of the top rail and the opposite side of the bottom rail. It may be constructed vertically
as described, or horizontally (minus rails) by alternating installation of the boards directly to the fence posts.
3 3
4.3.6 Basket Weave—A fence similar to the weave (4.3.5), except basket boards (commonly ⁄8 to ⁄4 in. in thickness) are woven
alternately between from one to five small wood members (sometimes 1 by 2, 1 by 3, or 1 by 4-in. nominal), which extend through
the height of the weave perpendicularly. The fence may contain either a vertical or horizontal weave, but in either form, the top
and bottom rails may be required for rigidity. The basket weave fence requires high quality wood because of its relative thinness.
4.4 Type III—Picket Fences: Every design within this type may be supported by sawn wood posts, round wood posts, or metal
posts.
4.4.1 Sawn Picket—A fence in which the pickets are from 2 to 4-in. nominal width and are installed vertically. The pickets may
be installed over two to four back rails of sawn lumber. The pickets may be installed solid or by specified spacing where desired
for light and ventilation.
4.4.2 Grape Stake Picket—A fence that is sometimes referred to by the picket type, either handsplit or machine sliced. This is
a popular fence in the durable species and is usually constructed with handsplit or machined back rails and posts. It is most often
installed with solid picket cover, but can be utilized as a spaced picket fence.
F537 − 01 (2014)
4.4.3 Stockade Picket—A fence that is similar to other picket fences, except the pickets are natural, machine milled, round, or
sliced to half-round; and are available with bark removed, or with bark on for an added rustic effect. This fence is popular in
common wood species, and may be installed to round wood posts and round or half-round back rails, sawn posts, and back rails;
or back rails attached to metal posts.
4.4.4 Wire-Bound Picket—This fencing is wire-bound, wooden picket fencing, in roll form. It is used for applications such as
but not limited to, snow, shade, safety, sand, and screening. The fence is fabricated with a 2- or 4-in. maximum spacing between
pickets as specified by the purchaser. Each picket is held firmly by five pairs of zinc-coated wires. Each pair of wires is tightly
twisted by rotating a twister head a minimum of 2½ complete revolutions (900° of rotation) for 2-in. spacing and 5 complete
revolutions (1800° of rotation) for the 4-in. spacing.
4.4.4.1 The twist rotation shall be in opposite directions between each succeeding picket. The wire shall have a minimum coated
diameter of 0.099 in. (12 ⁄2
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