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ASTM F2501-06

(Practice)

Standard Practices for Unmanned Aircraft System Airworthiness (Withdrawn 2015)

Standard Practices for Unmanned Aircraft System Airworthiness (Withdrawn 2015)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Designing, manufacturing, testing, and maintaining an unmanned aircraft system to comply with industry standards and recommended practices supports development of a certification package that helps ensure its reliability and can lead to its airworthiness certification. Government aviation authorities’ airworthiness certification processes exist to provide some level of assurance that critical systems will operate reliably and pose minimal risk to persons and property. The use of proven standards and practices in the design, manufacture, and test of these systems, especially for the mission critical components, contributes to this goal, as well as streamlining the certification process and simplifying the system test requirements. While developing to a set of standards and practices will not guarantee certification, the ability to show compliance with established standards provides the basis for a well-documented certification approval package.
Compliance with established standards and practices also provides assurance that a given component will function as intended in the specified environment and conditions. The standards cited in these practices have been developed by recognized standards-developing agencies; some are accepted by government aviation authorities as an acceptable means of compliance with airworthiness requirements. By their inclusion in these practices, they are considered to be consensus-based for unmanned aircraft-related purposes.
SCOPE
1.1 These practices identify existing regulations, standards, specifications, and handbooks to guide the design, manufacture, test, repair, and maintenance of unmanned aircraft systems and their components.
1.2 ApplicabilityThese practices apply to unmanned, powered, fixed wing aircraft and rotorcraft systems seeking government aviation authority approval in the form of airworthiness certificates, flight permits, or other like documentation. It is intended to be used as a reference by unmanned aircraft system designers and manufacturers, as well as by procurement authorities, to help ensure the airworthiness of these systems.
1.3 These practices provide a starting point for developing a standards-based airworthiness certification package for consideration by regulatory authorities. It lists those top-level standards applicable to the major subsystems and components of an unmanned aircraft system. It assumes that Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM)-provided subsystems and components, purchased and installed as a unit (for example, Global Positioning Systems), are themselves built to applicable standards that are not necessarily listed in these practices. These practices include standards for technologies that are currently in use in unmanned aircraft, as well as those that are not yet, but could be used in the future (for example, radioisotope thermoelectric generators).
1.4 Suggested changes, corrections, or updates should be forwarded to Committee F38.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
These practices identify existing regulations, standards, specifications, and handbooks to guide the design, manufacture, test, repair, and maintenance of unmanned aircraft systems and their components.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee F38 on Unmanned Aircraft Systems, these practices were withdrawn in January 2015 in accordance with section 10.6.3 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.

General Information

Status
Withdrawn
Publication Date
28-Feb-2006
Withdrawal Date
12-Jan-2015
ICS
49.020 - Aircraft and space vehicles in general
Technical Committee
F38 - Unmanned Aircraft Systems
Drafting Committee
F38.01 - Airworthiness
Current Stage
Ref Project

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ASTM F2501-06 - Standard Practices for Unmanned Aircraft System Airworthiness (Withdrawn 2015)ASTM F2501-06 - Standard Practices for Unmanned Aircraft System Airworthiness (Withdrawn 2015)
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ASTM F2501-06 - Standard Practices for Unmanned Aircraft System Airworthiness (Withdrawn 2015)
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: F2501 − 06
StandardPractices for
1
Unmanned Aircraft System Airworthiness
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2501; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 These practices identify existing regulations, standards, 2.1 ASTM Standards:
specifications, and handbooks to guide the design, B117 Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) Apparatus
manufacture, test, repair, and maintenance of unmanned air- D910 Specification for Aviation Gasolines
craft systems and their components. D1655 Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuels
F2279 Practice for QualityAssurance in the Manufacture of
1.2 Applicability—These practices apply to unmanned,
Fixed Wing Light Sport Aircraft
powered, fixed wing aircraft and rotorcraft systems seeking
F2316 Specification forAirframe Emergency Parachutes for
government aviation authority approval in the form of airwor-
Light Sport Aircraft
thiness certificates, flight permits, or other like documentation.
F2339 Practice for Design and Manufacture of Reciprocat-
It is intended to be used as a reference by unmanned aircraft
ing Spark Ignition Engines for Light Sport Aircraft
systemdesignersandmanufacturers,aswellasbyprocurement
F2395 Terminology for Unmanned Aircraft Systems
authorities, to help ensure the airworthiness of these systems.
F2411 Specification for Design and Performance of an
1.3 These practices provide a starting point for developing a
Airborne Sense-and-Avoid System
3
standards-based airworthiness certification package for consid-
2.2 AIAA Document:
eration by regulatory authorities. It lists those top-level stan-
AIAA R-103-2004 Terminology for Unmanned Aerial Ve-
dardsapplicabletothemajorsubsystemsandcomponentsofan
hicles and Remotely Operated Aircraft
unmanned aircraft system. It assumes that Original Equipment
Manufacturer (OEM)-provided subsystems and components, 3. Referenced Practices
purchased and installed as a unit (for example, Global Posi-
3.1 The regulations, standards, specifications, and hand-
tioning Systems), are themselves built to applicable standards
books cited as recommended practices herein are referenced
thatarenotnecessarilylistedinthesepractices.Thesepractices
for use in the following precedence: U.S. Federal Aviation
include standards for technologies that are currently in use in
Administration (FAA) regulations and advisory circulars; U.S.
unmanned aircraft, as well as those that are not yet, but could
Department of Defense (DoD) standards, specifications and
be used in the future (for example, radioisotope thermoelectric
handbooks; documents produced by other government agen-
generators).
cies; and non government standards (NGS) produced by
1.4 Suggested changes, corrections, or updates should be standards development organizations (SDOs) and similar bod-
forwarded to Committee F38.
ies. Suffixes indicating editions of referenced standards are
omitted to reduce the frequency of updates to these practices.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Non-current standards are so indicated at the end of their titles.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2 Referencesaremadetostandardswrittenspecificallyfor
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
other than unmanned aircraft (for example, light sport aircraft)
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
1
These practices are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F38 on contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Unmanned Aircraft Systems and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
F38.01 on Airworthiness. the ASTM website.
3
Current edition approved March 1, 2006. Published March 2006. DOI: 10.1520/ Available from American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA),
F2501-06. 1801 Alexander Bell Drive, Suite 500, Reston, VA 20191-4344.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F2501 − 06
and for human considerations (for example, personal para-
Non-metals 7.1.1.2
Structures 7.1.2
chutes) where they are judged to have some degree of parallel
Flight Controls 7.1.3
applicability to unmanned aircraft design and use.
Actuators 7.1.3.1
Control Linkages 7.1.3.2
4. Terminology Autopilots
...

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4.1 This practice establishes the minimum set of requirements for an independent audit program for unmanned aircraft system operators. The intended use is to provide minimum requirements for an initial assessment of operators bringing a new aircraft model or service to market, or for periodic review of an existing operator’s operations.  
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4.3 This practice does not mandate operator independent audits.  
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1.1 This practice establishes a minimum set of requirements for an Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) Operator Independent Audit Program in compliance with Practice F3365. This document has been purposefully designed within the broader context of the Committee F38 library. Although the original source materials for the content presented here were intended to function as standalone documents, the committee has consciously removed any redundant information in favor of adopting a referential "single-source-of-truth" approach. Consequently, when applying this standard, it is essential to consider and integrate all relevant Committee F38 standards to ensure its comprehensive and accurate implementation.  
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1.1 This specification provides the minimum requirements for an Unmanned Aircraft Flight Manual (UFM) for an unmanned aircraft system (UAS) designed, manufactured, and operated in the light UAS category as defined by a Civil Aviation Authority (CAA). Depending on the size and complexity of the UAS, an UFM may also contain the instruction for maintenance and continuing airworthiness for owner / operator authorized maintenance. This document has been purposefully designed within the broader context of the Committee F38 library. Although the original source materials for the content presented here were intended to function as standalone documents, the committee has consciously removed any redundant information in favor of adopting a referential "single-source-of-truth" approach. Consequently, when applying this standard, it is essential to consider and integrate all relevant Committee F38 standards to ensure its comprehensive and accurate implementation.  
1.2 When intending to utilize the information provided in this document as a Means of Compliance for operational or design approval, or both, it is crucial to consult with the respective oversight authority (for example, CAA) regarding its acceptable use and application. To find out which oversight authorities have accepted this standard (in whole or in part) as an acceptable Means of Compliance to their regulatory requirements (hereinafter "the Rules"), please refer to the Committee F38 webpage (www.ASTM.org/COMMITTEE/F38.htm).  
1.3 This specification defines the UFM information that shall be provided by the manufacturer of a UAS as part of the initial sale or transfer to an end user.  
1.4 This specification applies to a UAS seeking a CAA approval, in the form of airworthiness certificates, type certificates, flight permits, or other like documentation as a UAS, in the configuration specified in the UFM delivered with the system.  
1.5 Any modifications that invalidate or otherwise affect the accuracy of UFM operating instructions shall be approved by the manufacturer and communicated to the regulatory authority in the certificate / permit application.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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Standard Practice for Compliance Audits to ASTM Standards on Unmanned Aircraft Systems

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The purpose of this standard practice is to provide the minimum requirements for the conduct of compliance audits.  
4.2 The intended use of this practice is to provide a basis for an internal or external entity to develop an audit program. An audit program defines specific requirements for the execution of audits for a particular objective. An example of an audit program would be an external (third party) audit of UAS manufacturer’s quality assurance system.  
4.3 Compliance to this practice would ensure that audit programs and those who develop and execute them are following a consensus set of minimum requirements.  
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4.5 An auditing entity cannot request or approve an audit.  
4.6 Other Audit Criteria—Other audit criteria may be included in the audit scope if specified in the audit plan. Examples include safety, technical, operational, and management requirements. Items that are outside the scope of auditable criteria may be submitted as observations for possible resolution. However, these are not binding and are not mandatory.  
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4.8 Compliance Assurance—An audit is only an indicator of the compliance health of the facility or organization, or both, during only the period under review and therefore has limited compliance assurance and is not assumed to be exhaustive.  
4.9 Level of Review is Variable—The audit scope may vary to meet different audit objectives. For example, the audit scope may include only selected audit criteria, selected period under review, or selected portions of a facility or organization.
SCOPE
1.1 This standard practice establishes the minimum set of requirements for auditing programs, methods, and systems, the responsibilities for all parties involved, and qualifications for entities conducting audits against ASTM standards on Unmanned Aircraft Systems. This document has been purposefully designed within the broader context of the Committee F38 library. Although the original source materials for the content presented here were intended to function as standalone documents, the committee has consciously removed any redundant information in favor of adopting a referential "single-source-of-truth" approach. Consequently, when applying this standard, it is essential to consider and integrate all relevant Committee F38 standards to ensure its comprehensive and accurate implementation.  
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4.1 The purpose of this guide is to provide a standardized means of facilitating Remote Pilot training. The guide should be used by all individuals and agencies that train such persons.  
4.2 Successful completion of this training course neither constitutes nor implies certification or licensure from the CAA.  
4.3 This guide is intended to provide guidance to:  
4.3.1 Individuals, who are currently manned pilots (that is, FAA Part 61 or EASA FCL certificate holders), interested in pursuing academic programs and professional opportunities as a remote pilot,  
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This specification establishes the design, construction, and test requirements for a small unmanned aircraft system (sUAS). It is intended for all sUAS that are permitted to operate over a defined area and in airspace authorized by a nation's governing aviation authority (GAA). Unless otherwise specified by a nation’s GAA, this specification applies only to UA that have a maximum takeoff gross weight of 55 lb/25 kg or less.
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1.1 This specification defines the design, construction, and test requirements for a small unmanned aircraft system (sUAS).  
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Standard Specification for Design of the Command and Control System for Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems (sUAS)

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This specification provides a consensus standard for an application to a nation's governing aviation authority (GAA) for a permit to operate a small unmanned aircraft system (sUAS) for commercial or public use purposes. It is intended for all sUAS that are allowed to operate over a defined area and in airspace authorized by a nation's GAA. Unless otherwise specified by a nation's GAA, this specification applies only to UA that have a maximum gross takeoff weight of 25 kg (55 lb) or less. This specification covers general command and control (C2) requirements, C2 system spectrum requirements, C2 link requirements, UA requirements, and fly-away functionality.
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1.1 This specification is provided as a consensus standard in support of an application to a nation’s governing aviation authority (GAA) for a permit to operate a small unmanned aircraft system (sUAS) for commercial or public use purposes.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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Standard Terminology for Unmanned Aircraft Systems

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1.1 This terminology standard covers definitions of terms and concepts related to unmanned aircraft systems (UAS). It is intended to encourage the consistent use of terminology throughout all ASTM unmanned aircraft system standards and is intended to complement F3060 Standard Terminology for Aircraft. Terms already included in Terminology F3060 are not duplicated here.  
1.2 A definition adapted from a particular standard within the ASTM F38 collection of standards is not limited to use within only those standards.  
1.3 Additional terms specific to a given standard may be defined solely within that standard and not included here.  
1.4 Units—The definitions of units will be as defined in NIST SP 330, and will not be duplicated in this document. NIST SP 330 is available on the internet.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
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1.2.1 Vertiport  is a generic reference to the area of land, water, or structure used, or intended to be used, for the landing and takeoff of VTOL aircraft, together with associated buildings and facilities. At this time, aircraft with floats conducting water landings and takeoffs are not included in this specification.  
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1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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