ASTM D476-13

Standard Classification for Dry Pigmentary Titanium Dioxide Products

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This classification is given as an aid in determining the fitness for use of a titanium dioxide pigment for a coating application. It is limited to dry, hiding pigments. It excludes pigment dispersions, and non-hiding specialty titanium dioxide products.
SCOPE
1.1 This classification describes seven types of dry pigmentary titanium dioxide products, grouped by composition, typical end use application, and some performance properties.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-May-2013
• ICS: 87.060.10 - Pigments and extenders
• Technical Committee: D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
• Drafting Committee: D01.31 - Pigment Specifications

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D476-00(2011) - Standard Classification for Dry Pigmentary Titanium Dioxide Products
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2013
• Referred By: ASTM D3288/D3288M-20 - Standard Test Methods for Magnet-Wire Enamels
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2013
• Referred By: ASTM D5098-16(2021) - Standard Specification for Artists' Acrylic Dispersion Paints
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2013
• Referred By: ASTM D4302-14(2021) - Standard Specification for Artists’ Oil, Resin-Oil, and Alkyd Paints
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2013
• Referred By: ASTM D868-21 - Standard Practice for Determination of Degree of Bleeding of Traffic Paint
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2013
• Referred By: ASTM D5724-16(2021) - Standard Specification for Gouache Paints
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2013

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D476 −13
StandardClassification for
1
Dry Pigmentary Titanium Dioxide Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D476; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope outlines differences between pigment types that should be
considered when selecting a product for a coating application.
1.1 This classification describes seven types of dry pigmen-
A minimum number of properties are given to highlight major
tary titanium dioxide products, grouped by composition, typi-
differences, while allowing maximum flexibility.
cal end use application, and some performance properties.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
5. Composition and Properties
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
5.1 Titanium Dioxide Pigments, should conform to the
standard.
requirements for composition prescribed in Table 1. They are
2. Referenced Documents chemically prepared pigments consisting of anatase or rutile
2 titanium dioxide with or without modifications with water-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
insoluble oxides of aluminum, silicon, zinc, etc., or other
D34 Guide for Chemical Analysis of White Pigments
agents; these reagent materials are introduced specifically to
D153 Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Pigments
improve those properties for which the pigment is used. The
D185 Test Methods for Coarse Particles in Pigments
titanium dioxide pigments shall be free of extenders such as
D280 Test Methods for Hygroscopic Moisture (and Other
barium sulfate, clay, magnesium silicate, whiting, etc.
Matter Volatile Under the Test Conditions) in Pigments
D1394 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of White Tita- 5.2 The desired properties of the pigment, other than as
herein indicated, shall be subject to agreement between the
nium Pigments
D2448 Test Method for Water-Soluble Salts in Pigments by purchaser and the seller and shall be based on a satisfactory
match between the submitted pigment sample and a previously
Measuring the Specific Resistance of the Leachate of the
Pigment agreed upon reference sample (see 6.1.6).
D3720 Test Method for Ratio of Anatase to Rutile in
Titanium Dioxide Pigments by X-Ray Diffraction 6. Test Methods
6.1 Tests shall be conducted in accordance with the follow-
3. Significance and Use
ing test methods. Test procedures not covered by ASTM test
3.1 This classification is given as an aid in determining the
methods shall be mutually agreed upon between the purchaser
fitness for use of a titanium dioxide pigment for a coating
and the seller.
application. It is limited to dry, hiding pigments. It excludes
6.1.1 Chemical Analysis—Guide D34 or Test Methods
pigment dispersions, and non-hiding specialty titanium dioxide
D1394.
products.
6.1.2 Specific Gravity—Test Methods D153.
6.1.3 Coarse Particles—Test Methods D185.
4. Basis for Classification
6.1.4 Moisture—Test Methods D280.
4.1 Titanium dioxide pigments can differ in many ways,
6.1.5 Matter Soluble in Water, Specific Resistance—Test
including composition and performance. This classification
Method D2448. The measured specific resistance of the aque-
ous leachage from the pigment is an index of the level of
1
This classification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint
water-soluble salts.
and Related Coatings, Materials, andApplications and is the direct responsibility of
6.1.6 Chalking Resistance—It is recommended that pur-
Subcommittee D01.31 on Pigment Specifications.
chaser and seller agree upon standards and methods of test
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2013.PublishedJuly2013.Originallyapproved
suitable for their requirements (see 5.2). Comparison in a good
in 1938. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D476 – 00 (2011). DOI:
10.1520/D0476-13.
quality exterior air-dry alkyd enamel (trade sales or industrial)
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
and exposure in Florida at 45° facing south are recommended.
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Chalking differences are minimized by less durable vehicles,
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. while required exposure times are prolonged by more durable
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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D476 − 13
2
TABLE 1 Classification of Dry, Pigmentary Titanium Dioxide Pigments
Typical Properties
ASTM
C
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D476 − 00 (Reapproved 2011) D476 − 13
Standard Classification for
1
Dry Pigmentary Titanium Dioxide Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D476; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This classification describes seven types of dry pigmentary titanium dioxide products, grouped by composition, typical end
use application, and some performance properties.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
only.standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D34 Guide for Chemical Analysis of White Pigments
D153 Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Pigments
D185 Test Methods for Coarse Particles in Pigments
D280 Test Methods for Hygroscopic Moisture (and Other Matter Volatile Under the Test Conditions) in Pigments
D1394 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of White Titanium Pigments
D2448 Test Method for Water-Soluble Salts in Pigments by Measuring the Specific Resistance of the Leachate of the Pigment
D3720 Test Method for Ratio of Anatase to Rutile in Titanium Dioxide Pigments by X-Ray Diffraction
3. Significance and Use
3.1 This classification is given as an aid in determining the fitness for use of a titanium dioxide pigment for a coating
application. It is limited to dry, hiding pigments. It excludes pigment dispersions, and non-hiding specialty titanium dioxide
products.
4. Basis for Classification
4.1 Titanium dioxide pigments can differ in many ways, including composition and performance. This classification outlines
differences between pigment types that should be considered when selecting a product for a coating application. A minimum
number of properties are given to highlight major differences, while allowing maximum flexibility.
5. Composition and Properties
5.1 Titanium Dioxide Pigments, should conform to the requirements for composition prescribed in Table 1. They are chemically
prepared pigments consisting of anatase or rutile titanium dioxide with or without modifications with water-insoluble oxides of
aluminum, silicon, zinc, etc., or other agents; these reagent materials are introduced specifically to improve those properties for
which the pigment is used. The titanium dioxide pigments shall be free of extenders such as barium sulfate, clay, magnesium
silicate, whiting, etc.
5.2 The desired properties of the pigment, other than as herein indicated, shall be subject to agreement between the purchaser
and the seller and shall be based on a satisfactory match between the submitted pigment sample and a previously agreed upon
reference sample (see 6.1.6).
1
This classification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.31 on Pigment Specifications.
Current edition approved June 1, 2011June 1, 2013. Published June 2011July 2013. Originally approved in 1938. Last previous edition approved in 20062011 as D476 – 00
(2006).(2011). DOI: 10.1520/D0476-00R11.10.1520/D0476-13.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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D476 − 13
2
TABLE 1 Classification of Dry, Pigmentary Titanium Dioxide Pigments
Typical Properties
ASTM
Classification Type I II III IV V VI VII
Standards
A
Crystal type anatase rutile rutile rutile rutile rutile rutile D3720
Chalking resistance, relative free chalking low-medium medium high high medium-high medium-high
Typical end use application(s) white exterior house low-medium high exterior coatings exterior coatings int-ext coatings int-ext coatings
paint and interior uses % PVC % PVC requiring excellent requiring excellent medium-high low-high
durability durability with % PVC % PVC
high gloss
Titanium dioxide (TiO ) content, min., % 94 92 80 80 90 90 92 D139
...