ASTM D2968-13

Standard Test Method for Med and Kemp Fibers in Wool and Other Animal Fibers by Microprojection (Withdrawn 2022)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Test Method D2968 for the determination of med and kemp fibers by microprojection may be used for the acceptance testing of commercial shipments of wool and other animal fibers, but caution is advised since only a few types of animal fibers have been subjected to interlaboratory tests to ascertain the precision of tests for med and kemp fibers by this test method. Comparative tests as directed in 5.1.1 may be advisable.  
5.1.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using Test Method D2968 for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens which are as homogeneous as possible and which are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test specimens should then be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using Student's t-test for unpaired data and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before testing is begun. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test results in view of the known bias.  
5.2 Knowledge of the incidence of med fibers and kemp fibers in wool and other animal fibers is of importance to manufacturers of woven or knitted fabrics because of the apparent dye resistance and light reflectance qualities of these fibers. This is not to imply that all kemp fibers will resist dye and all med fibers will accept dye normally. In practice, a proportion of kemp fibers will appear normal after dyeing and a proportion of med fibers will appear chalky white after dyeing. From the perspective of visual and aesthetic problems, medullated fibers hav...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination by microprojection of the percentage of medullated fibers (med and kemp fibers) in wool or other animal fibers such as mohair, cashmere, alpaca, or camel's hair in their various forms.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Jun-2013
• ICS: 59.060.10 - Natural fibres
• Technical Committee: D13 - Textiles
• Drafting Committee: D13.13 - Wool and Felt

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D2968 − 13
Standard Test Method for
Med and Kemp Fibers in Wool and Other Animal Fibers by
1
Microprojection
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2968; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 5. Significance and Use
1.1 This test method covers the determination by micropro-
5.1 Test Method D2968 for the determination of med and
jection of the percentage of medullated fibers (med and kemp
kempfibersbymicroprojectionmaybeusedfortheacceptance
fibers)inwoolorotheranimalfiberssuchasmohair,cashmere,
testing of commercial shipments of wool and other animal
alpaca, or camel’s hair in their various forms.
fibers, but caution is advised since only a few types of animal
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the fibers have been subjected to interlaboratory tests to ascertain
the precision of tests for med and kemp fibers by this test
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- method. Comparative tests as directed in 5.1.1 may be advis-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- able.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5.1.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in
reported test results when using Test Method D2968 for
2. Referenced Documents
acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent
D2130 Test Method for Diameter ofWool and OtherAnimal
statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of
Fibers by Microprojection
bias.As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test
D4845 Terminology Relating to Wool
specimens which are as homogeneous as possible and which
are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test
3. Terminology
specimens should then be randomly assigned in equal numbers
3.1 For all terminology related to D13.13, Wool and Felt,
to each laboratory for testing.The average results from the two
see Terminology D4845.
laboratories should be compared using Student’s t-test for
3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:
unpaireddataandanacceptableprobabilitylevelchosenbythe
kemp fiber, med fiber, medulla, in mammalian hair fibers,
two parties before testing is begun. If a bias is found, either its
medullated fiber, wool.
cause must be found and corrected, or the purchaser and the
suppliermustagreetointerpretfuturetestresultsinviewofthe
3.2 FordefinitionsofallothertextiletermsseeTerminology
known bias.
D123.
5.2 Knowledge of the incidence of med fibers and kemp
4. Summary of Test Method
fibers in wool and other animal fibers is of importance to
4.1 Themagnifiedimagesofaspecimenoftheanimalfibers
manufacturers of woven or knitted fabrics because of the
are examined. All medullated fibers are measured and classed
apparent dye resistance and light reflectance qualities of these
as either med fibers or kemp fibers. The observed numbers of
fibers. This is not to imply that all kemp fibers will resist dye
med and kemp fibers are expressed as percentages of the total
and all med fibers will accept dye normally. In practice, a
number of fiber images examined.
proportion of kemp fibers will appear normal after dyeing and
a proportion of med fibers will appear chalky white after
dyeing. From the perspective of visual and aesthetic problems,
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 on Textiles
medullated fibers having an abnormally large diameter and a
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.13 on Wool and Felt.
Current edition approved July 1, 2013. Published August 2013. Originally
high degree of medullation are probably the worst kind.
approved in 1971. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D2968 – 95 (2008).
DOI: 10.1520/D2968-13.
2 6. Apparatus and Material
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
6.1 The apparatus and material required in this test method
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. are identical to those specified in Test Method D2130.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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D2968 − 13
NOTE 1—The contrast between the solid and the hollow portions of the medullated fibers is
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D2968 − 95 (Reapproved 2008) D2968 − 13
Standard Test Method for
Med and Kemp Fibers in Wool and Other Animal Fibers by
1
Microprojection
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2968; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination by microprojection of the percentage of medullated fibers (med and kemp fibers)
in wool or other animal fibers such as mohair, cashmere, alpaca, or camel’s hair in their various forms.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D2130 Test Method for Diameter of Wool and Other Animal Fibers by Microprojection
D4845 Terminology Relating to Wool
3. Terminology
3.1 For all terminology related to D13.13, Wool and Felt, see Terminology D4845.
3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard: kemp fiber, med fiber, medulla, in mammalian hair fibers, medullated
fiber, wool.
3.2 Definitions—For definitions of all other textile terms used in this test method, refer to see Terminology D123.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 kemp fiber, n—a medullated animal fiber in which the diameter of the medulla is 60 %, or more, of the diameter of the
fiber.
3.2.2 med fiber, n—a medullated animal fiber in which the diameter of the medulla is less than 60% of the diameter of the fiber.
3.2.3 medulla, n—in mammalian hair fibers, the more or less continuous cellular marrow inside the cortical layer in most
medium and coarse fibers.
3.2.4 medullated fiber, n—an animal fiber that in its original state includes a medulla.
3.2.5 wool, n—the fibrous covering of the sheep, ovis species.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 The magnified images of a specimen of the animal fibers are examined. All medullated fibers are measured and classed as
either med fibers or kemp fibers. The observed numbers of med and kemp fibers are expressed as percentages of the total number
of fiber images examined.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Test Method D2968 for the determination of med and kemp fibers by microprojection may be used for the acceptance testing
of commercial shipments of wool and other animal fibers, but caution is advised since only a few types of animal fibers have been
subjected to interlaboratory tests to ascertain the precision of tests for med and kemp fibers by this test method. Comparative tests
as directed in 5.1.1 may be advisable.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.13 on Wool and Felt.
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2008July 1, 2013. Published October 2008August 2013. Originally approved in 1971. Last previous edition approved in 20012008 as
D2968 – 95 (2001).(2008). DOI: 10.1520/D2968-95R08.10.1520/D2968-13.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2968 − 13
5.1.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using Test Method D2968 for acceptance testing
of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias
between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two
parties should take a group of test specimens which are as homogeneous as possible and which are from a lot of material of the
type in question. The test specimens should then be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average
results from the two laboratories should be compared using Student’s t-test for unpaired data and an acceptable probability level
chosen by the two parties before testing
...