ASTM D5986-23
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determination of Oxygenates, Benzene, Toluene, C8–C12 Aromatics and Total Aromatics in Finished Gasoline by Gas Chromatography/Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy
Standard Test Method for Determination of Oxygenates, Benzene, Toluene, C<inf>8</inf >–C<inf>12</inf> Aromatics and Total Aromatics in Finished Gasoline by Gas Chromatography/Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Test methods to determine oxygenates, benzene, and the aromatic content of gasoline are necessary to assess product quality and to meet new fuel regulations.
5.2 This test method can be used for gasolines that contain oxygenates (alcohols and ethers) as additives. It has been determined that the common oxygenates found in finished gasoline do not interfere with the analysis of benzene and other aromatics by this test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the quantitative determination of oxygenates: methyl-t-butylether (MTBE), di-isopropyl ether (DIPE), ethyl-t-butylether (ETBE), t-amylmethyl ether (TAME), methanol (MeOH), ethanol (EtOH), 2-propanol (2-PrOH), t-butanol (t-BuOH), 1-propanol (1-PrOH), 2-butanol (2-BuOH), i-butanol (i-BuOH), 1-butanol (1-BuOH); benzene, toluene and C8–C12 aromatics, and total aromatics in finished motor gasoline by gas chromatography/Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (GC/FTIR).
1.2 This test method covers the following concentration ranges: 0.1 % to 20 % by volume per component for ethers and alcohols; 0.1 % to 2 % by volume benzene; 1 % to 15 % by volume for toluene, 10 % to 40 % by volume total (C6–C12) aromatics.
1.3 The method has not been tested by ASTM for refinery individual hydrocarbon process streams, such as reformates, fluid catalytic cracking naphthas, etc., used in blending of gasolines.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D5986 − 23
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Oxygenates, Benzene, Toluene, C –C
8 12
Aromatics and Total Aromatics in Finished Gasoline by Gas
1
Chromatography/Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5986; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This test method covers the quantitative determination 2.1 ASTM Standards:
of oxygenates: methyl-t-butylether (MTBE), di-isopropyl ether D1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API
(DIPE), ethyl-t-butylether (ETBE), t-amylmethyl ether Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Prod-
(TAME), methanol (MeOH), ethanol (EtOH), 2-propanol (2- ucts by Hydrometer Method
PrOH), t-butanol (t-BuOH), 1-propanol (1-PrOH), 2-butanol D4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API
(2-BuOH), i-butanol (i-BuOH), 1-butanol (1-BuOH); benzene, Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter
toluene and C –C aromatics, and total aromatics in finished D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
8 12
motor gasoline by gas chromatography/Fourier Transform Petroleum Products
infrared spectroscopy (GC/FTIR). D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid
Fuels, and Lubricants
1.2 This test method covers the following concentration
D4307 Practice for Preparation of Liquid Blends for Use as
ranges: 0.1 % to 20 % by volume per component for ethers and
Analytical Standards
alcohols; 0.1 % to 2 % by volume benzene; 1 % to 15 % by
E355 Practice for Gas Chromatography Terms and Relation-
volume for toluene, 10 % to 40 % by volume total (C –C )
6 12
ships
aromatics.
1.3 The method has not been tested by ASTM for refinery 3. Terminology
individual hydrocarbon process streams, such as reformates,
3.1 Definitions:
fluid catalytic cracking naphthas, etc., used in blending of
3.1.1 This test method makes reference to common gas
gasolines.
chromatographic procedures, terms, and relationships. Detailed
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as definitions of these can be found in Practice E355 and
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this Terminology D4175.
standard. 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 aromatics, n—refers to any organic compound con-
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
taining a benzene or naphthalene ring.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- 3.2.2 calibrated aromatic component, n—in this test
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- method, refers to the individual aromatic components which
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. have a specific calibration.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.2.3 cool on-column injector, n—in gas chromatography, a
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
direct sample introduction system which is set at a temperature
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
at or below the boiling point of solutes or solvent on injection
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
and then heated at a rate equal to or greater than the column.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Normally used to eliminate boiling point discrimination on
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
injection or to reduce adsorption, or both, on glass liners within
injectors. The sample is injected directly into the head of the
capillary column tubing or retention gap.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
2
Subcommittee D02.04.0L on Gas Chromatography Methods. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition aproved Oct. 1, 2023. Published November 2023. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2019 as D5986 – 96 (2019). Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/D5986-23. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D5986 − 96 (Reapproved 2019) D5986 − 23
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Oxygenates, Benzene, Toluene, C –C
8 12
Aromatics and Total Aromatics in Finished Gasoline by Gas
1
Chromatography/Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5986; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the quantitative determination of oxygenates: methyl-t-butylether (MTBE), di-isopropyl ether (DIPE),
ethyl-t-butylether (ETBE), t-amylmethyl ether (TAME), methanol (MeOH), ethanol (EtOH), 2-propanol (2-PrOH), t-butanol
(t-BuOH), 1-propanol (1-PrOH), 2-butanol (2-BuOH), i-butanol (i-BuOH), 1-butanol (1-BuOH); benzene, toluene and C –C
8 12
aromatics, and total aromatics in finished motor gasoline by gas chromatography/Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy
(GC/FTIR).
1.2 This test method covers the following concentration ranges: 0.1 % to 20 % by volume per component for ethers and alcohols;
0.1 % to 2 % by volume benzene; 1 % to 15 % by volume for toluene, 10 % to 40 % by volume total (C –C ) aromatics.
6 12
1.3 The method has not been tested by ASTM for refinery individual hydrocarbon process streams, such as reformates, fluid
catalytic cracking naphthas, etc., used in blending of gasolines.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products by
Hydrometer Method
D4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.04.0L on Gas Chromatography Methods.
Current edition approvedaproved Dec. 1, 2019Oct. 1, 2023. Published December 2019November 2023. Originally approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in
20152019 as D5986 – 96 (2015).(2019). DOI: 10.1520/D5986-96R19.10.1520/D5986-23.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D5986 − 23
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
D4307 Practice for Preparation of Liquid Blends for Use as Analytical Standards
E355 Practice for Gas Chromatography Terms and Relationships
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 This test method makes reference to common gas chromatographic procedures, terms, and relationships. Detailed definitions
of these can be found in Practice E355 and Terminology D4175.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 aromatics—aromatics, n—refers to any organic compound containing a benzene or naphthalene ring.
3.2.2 calibrated aromatic component—component, n—in this test method, refers to the individual aromatic components which
have a specific calibration.
3.2.3 cool on-column injector—injector, n—in gas chromatography, a direct sample introduction system which is set at a
temperature at or below the boiling point of solutes or solvent on injection and then h
...
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