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ASTM D5702-07

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Field Sampling of Coating Films for Analysis for Heavy Metals

Standard Practice for Field Sampling of Coating Films for Analysis for Heavy Metals

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Prior to beginning a project that involves the removal, cutting, grinding, or burning of paint, it is necessary to determine if the coating contains hazardous materials, such as lead, as certain requirements for worker and environmental protection may need to be imposed. The presence and quantity of hazardous materials in a paint can be determined through laboratory analysis; however, since the analysis is based on the weight of the specimen, the removal of the sample must be properly controlled to improve the reliability of the test results. The number and location of samples to be removed must also be determined to characterize properly the extent of the presence of hazardous materials, if any, on a structure.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a method to control the removal of samples of coating films from substrates for subsequent laboratory analysis for heavy metal content on a mass basis. This technique can be used in the field, the fabricating shop, or laboratory.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard information, see Section 5, Note 1 and Note 3.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Jun-2007
ICS
13.040.01 - Air quality in general
Technical Committee
D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
Drafting Committee
D01.46 - Industrial Protective Coatings
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D5702-02 - Standard Practice for Field Sampling of Coating Films for Analysis for Heavy Metals
Effective Date
01-Jul-2007
Replaced By
ASTM D5702-07(2012) - Standard Practice for Field Sampling of Coating Films for Analysis for Heavy Metals
Effective Date
01-Nov-2012
Referred By
ASTM D6206-09(2021) - Standard Practice for Sampling of Coating Films
Effective Date
01-Jul-2007
Referred By
ASTM D5065-17(2021) - Standard Guide for Assessing the Condition of Aged Coatings on Steel Surfaces
Effective Date
01-Jul-2007

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ASTM D5702-07 - Standard Practice for Field Sampling of Coating Films for Analysis for Heavy MetalsASTM D5702-07 - Standard Practice for Field Sampling of Coating Films for Analysis for Heavy Metals
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ASTM D5702-07 - Standard Practice for Field Sampling of Coating Films for Analysis for Heavy Metals
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D5702 − 07
StandardPractice for
Field Sampling of Coating Films for Analysis for Heavy
1
Metals
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5702; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope lead, as certain requirements for worker and environmental
protection may need to be imposed. The presence and quantity
1.1 This practice covers a method to control the removal of
of hazardous materials in a paint can be determined through
samples of coating films from substrates for subsequent labo-
laboratory analysis; however, since the analysis is based on the
ratory analysis for heavy metal content on a mass basis. This
weight of the specimen, the removal of the sample must be
technique can be used in the field, the fabricating shop, or
properly controlled to improve the reliability of the test results.
laboratory.
The number and location of samples to be removed must also
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
be determined to characterize properly the extent of the
standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
presence of hazardous materials, if any, on a structure.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4. Materials and Equipment
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.1 Sample Collection Container—A clean plastic bag or
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
rigid container comprised of a material such as polyethylene
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard
that will not contaminate the sample.
information, see Section 5, Note 1 and Note 3.
4.2 Straight Edge or Ruler.
2. Referenced Documents
4.3 Knife or Chisel, cleaned and sharpened, for removing
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
paint samples.
D4138 Practices for Measurement of Dry Film Thickness of
4.4 Dry Film Thickness Gage, for measuring total coating
Protective Coating Systems by Destructive, Cross-
thickness.
Sectioning Means
D6132 Test Method for Nondestructive Measurement of Dry
5. Procedure
Film Thickness of Applied Organic Coatings Using an
5.1 Select a sufficient number of areas for coating removal
Ultrasonic Gage
that properly characterize the coatings on the structure.
D7091 Practice for Nondestructive Measurement of Dry
5.1.1 Selection may be based on painting history, knowl-
Film Thickness of Nonmagnetic Coatings Applied to
Ferrous Metals and Nonmagnetic, Nonconductive Coat- edge of previously applied coatings, prior touch-up and re-
painting programs, and other such factors.
ings Applied to Non-Ferrous Metals
5.1.2 Select areas that properly characterize the range of
3. Significance and Use
thickness found. Dry film thickness can be measured in
accordance with Test Methods D4138, D6132, or Practice
3.1 Prior to beginning a project that involves the removal,
D7091.
cutting, grinding, or burning of paint, it is necessary to
5.1.3 Remove a minimum of three samples.
determine if the coating contains hazardous materials, such as
5.2 At each sample site, clean the surface of dirt, dust, or
debris.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and
Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
NOTE 1—Hazardous materials can be present in surface debris and
Subcommittee D01.46 on Industrial Protective Coatings.
chalk which may be removed during cleaning. Thus, consideration should
Current edition approved July 1, 2007. Published July 2007. Originally approved
be given to collecting this surface debris and chalk for analysis.
in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D5702 – 02. DOI: 10.1520/
D5702-07.
5.3 At each sample site, use a knife and straight edge to
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
scribe the perimeter of a square through the coating film to the
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
substrate. The square should be of sufficient size to give a one
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. gram sample.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5702 − 07
3
NOTE 2—Paint with a density of 1.5 g/cm and 250 microns (10 mils)
6.1.2 Date and time of sampling.
thick will generate one gram of sample in a square that is 5 cm (2 in.) on
6.1.3 Project name and location.
a side assuming 100 percent of the materia
...

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Standard Practice for Field Sampling of Coating Films for Analysis for Heavy Metals

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Prior to beginning a project that involves the removal, cutting, grinding, or burning of paint, it is necessary to determine if the coating contains hazardous metals, such as lead. If it does, certain requirements for worker and environmental protection may need to be imposed. The presence and quantity of hazardous metals in a paint can be determined through laboratory analysis. Proper sampling protocol is needed to assure the laboratory results represent the actual amount of heavy metal in the coating. The number and location of samples to be removed must also be determined to characterize properly the extent of the presence of hazardous materials, if any, on a structure.
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ASTM D4096-17(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Total Suspended Particulate Matter in the Atmosphere (High–Volume Sampler Method)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The Hi-Vol sampler is commonly used for the collection of the airborne particulate component of the atmosphere. Some physical and chemical parameters of the collected particulate matter are dependent upon the physical characteristics of the collection system and the choice of filter media. A variety of options available for the Hi-Vol sampler give it broad versatility and allow the user to develop information about the size and quantity of airborne particulate material and, using subsequent chemical analytical techniques, information about the chemical properties of the particulate matter.  
5.2 This test method presents techniques that when uniformly applied, provide measurements suitable for intersite comparisons.  
5.3 This test method measures the atmosphere presented to the sampler with good precision, but the actual dust levels in the atmosphere can vary widely from one location to another. This means that sampler location may be of paramount importance, and may impose far greater variability of results than any lack of precision in the method of measurement. In particular, localized dust sources may exert a major influence over a very limited area immediately adjacent to such sources. Examples include unpaved streets, vehicle traffic on roadways with a surface film of dust, building demolition and construction activity, or nearby industrial plants with dust emissions. In some cases, dust levels measured close to such sources may be several times the community wide levels exclusive of such localized effects (see Practice D1357).
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides for sampling a large volume of atmosphere, 1600 m3 to 2400 m3 (55 000 ft3 to 85 000 ft3), by means of a high flow-rate vacuum pump at a rate of 1.13 m3/min to 1.70 m3/min (40 ft3/min to 60 ft3/min) (1-4).2  
1.2 This flow rate allows suspended particles having diameters of less than 100 μm (stokes equivalent diameter) to be collected. However, the collection efficiencies for particles larger than 20 μm decreases with increasing particle size and it varies widely with the angle of the wind with respect to the roof ridge of the sampler shelter and with increasing speed (5). When glass fiber filters are used, particles within the size range of 100 μm to 0.1 μm diameters or less are ordinarily collected.  
1.3 The upper limit of mass loading will be determined by plugging of the filter medium with sample material, which causes a significant decrease in flow rate (see 6.4). For very dusty atmospheres, shorter sampling periods will be necessary. The minimum amount of particulate matter detectable by this method is 3 mg (95 % confidence level). When the sampler is operated at an average flow rate of 1.70 m3/min (60 ft3/min) for 24 h, this is equivalent to 1 μg/m3 to 2 μg/m3 (3).  
1.4 The sample that is collected may be subjected to further analyses by a variety of methods for specific constituents.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
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ASTM D5791-23(Guide)
Standard Guide for Using Probability Sampling Methods in Studies of Indoor Air Quality in Buildings

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Studies of indoor air problems are often iterative in nature. A thorough engineering evaluation of a building (1-4)3 is sometimes sufficient to identify likely causes of indoor air problems. When these investigations and subsequent remedial measures are not sufficient to solve a problem, more intensive investigations may be necessary.  
5.2 This guide provides the basis for determining when probability sampling methods are needed to achieve statistically defensible inferences regarding the goals of a study of indoor air quality. The need for probability sampling methods in a study of indoor air quality depends on the specific objectives of the study. Such methods may be needed to select a sample of people to be asked questions, examined medically, or monitored for personal exposures. They may also be needed to select a sample of locations in space and time to be monitored for environmental contaminants.  
5.3 This guide identifies several potential obstacles to proper implementation of probability sampling methods in studies of indoor air quality in buildings and presents procedures that overcome those obstacles or at least minimize their impact.  
5.4 Although this guide specifically addresses sampling people or locations across time within a building, it also provides important guidance for studying populations of buildings. The guidance in this document is fully applicable to sampling locations to determine environmental quality or sampling people to determine environmental effects within each building in the sample selected from a larger population of buildings.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers criteria for determining when probability sampling methods should be used to select locations for placement of environmental monitoring equipment in a building or to select a sample of building occupants for questionnaire administration for a study of indoor air quality. Some of the basic probability sampling methods that are applicable for these types of studies are introduced.  
1.2 Probability sampling refers to statistical sampling methods that select units for observation with known probabilities (including probabilities equal to one for a census) so that statistically defensible inferences are supported from the sample to the entire population of units that had a positive probability of being selected into the sample.  
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ASTM D7706-17(2023)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Rapid Screening of VOC Emissions from Products Using Micro-Scale Chambers

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
6.1 Manufacturers increasingly are being asked or required to demonstrate that vapor-phase emissions of chemicals of concern from their products under normal use conditions comply with various voluntary or regulatory acceptance criteria. This process typically requires manufacturers to have their products periodically tested for VOC emissions by independent laboratories using designated reference test methods (for example, Test Method D6007, ISO 16000-9, and ISO 16000-10). To ensure continuing compliance, manufacturers may opt to, or be required to, implement screening tests at the production level.  
6.2 Reference methods for testing chemical emissions from products are rigorous and typically are too time-consuming and impractical for routine emission screening in a production environment.  
6.3 Micro-scale chambers are unique in that their small size and operation at moderately elevated temperatures facilitate rapid equilibration and shortened testing times. Provided a sufficiently repeatable correlation with reference test results can be demonstrated, appropriate control levels can be established and micro-scale chamber data can be used to monitor product manufacturing for likely compliance with reference acceptance criteria. Enhanced turnaround time for results allows for more timely adjustment of parameters to maintain consistent production with respect to vapor-phase chemical emissions.  
6.4 This practice can also be used to monitor the quality of raw materials for manufacturing processes.  
6.5 The use of elevated temperatures additionally facilitates screening tests for emissions of semi-volatile VOCs (SVOCs) such as some phthalate esters and other plasticizers.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes a micro-scale chamber apparatus and associated procedures for rapidly screening materials and products for their vapor-phase emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including formaldehyde and other carbonyl compounds. It is intended to complement, not replace reference methods for measuring chemical emissions for example, small-scale chamber tests (Guide D5116) and emission cell tests (Practice D7143).  
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5.1 This test method is applicable to the measurement of airborne asbestos in a wide range of ambient air situations and for detailed evaluation of any atmosphere for asbestos structures. Most fibers in ambient atmospheres are not asbestos, and therefore, there is a requirement for fibers to be identified. Most of the airborne asbestos fibers in ambient atmospheres have diameters below the resolution limit of the light microscope. This test method is based on transmission electron microscopy, which has adequate resolution to allow detection of small thin fibers and is currently the only technique capable of unequivocal identification of the majority of individual fibers of asbestos. Asbestos is often found, not as single fibers, but as very complex, aggregated structures, which may or may not also be aggregated with other particles. The fibers found suspended in an ambient atmosphere can often be identified unequivocally if sufficient measurement effort is expended. However, if each fiber were to be identified in this way, the analysis would become prohibitively expensive. Because of instrumental deficiencies or because of the nature of the particulate matter, some fibers cannot be positively identified as asbestos even though the measurements all indicate that they could be asbestos. Therefore, subjective factors contribute to this measurement, and consequently, a very precise definition of the procedure for identification and enumeration of asbestos fibers is required. The method defined in this test method is designed to provide a description of the nature, numerical concentration, and sizes of asbestos-containing particles found in an air sample. The test method is necessarily complex because the structures observed are frequently very complex. The method of data recording specified in the test method is designed to allow reevaluation of the structure-counting data as new applications for measurements are developed. All of the feasible specimen preparation techn...
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1.1 This test method2 is an analytical procedure using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for the determination of the concentration of asbestos structures in ambient atmospheres and includes measurement of the dimension of structures and of the asbestos fibers found in the structures from which aspect ratios are calculated.  
1.1.1 This test method allows determination of the type(s) of asbestos fibers present.  
1.1.2 This test method cannot always discriminate between individual fibers of the asbestos and non-asbestos analogues of the same amphibole mineral.  
1.2 This test method is suitable for determination of asbestos in both ambient (outdoor) and building atmospheres.  
1.2.1 This test method is defined for polycarbonate capillary-pore filters or cellulose ester (either mixed esters of cellulose or cellulose nitrate) filters through which a known volume of air has been drawn and for blank filters.  
1.3 The upper range of concentrations that can be determined by this test method is 7000 s/mm2. The air concentration represented by this value is a function of the volume of air sampled.  
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6.1 SPF insulation is applied and formed onsite, which creates unique challenges for measuring product emissions. This test method provides a way to measure post-application chemical emissions from SPF insulation.  
6.2 This test method can be used to identify compounds that emit from SPF insulation products, and the emission factors may be used to compare emissions at the specified sampling times and test conditions.  
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1.2.2 Samples for other VOCs are collected on multi-sorbent samplers and are analyzed by thermal-desorption gas chromatography / mass spectrometry (TD-GC/MS) as described in U.S. EPA Compendium Method TO-17 and ISO 16000-6.  
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1.5 This test method does not cover the sampling and analysis of methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) or other isocyanates.  
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1.7 This test method is used to identify emitted compounds and to estimate their emission factors at specific times. The emission factors are based on specified conditions, therefore, use of the data to predict emissions in other environments may not be appropriate and is beyond the scope of this test method. The results may not be representative of other test conditions or comparable with other test methods.  
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Standard Test Method for Determining Air Change in a Single Zone by Means of a Tracer Gas Dilution

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5.1 Effects of Air Change—Air change often accounts for a significant portion of the heating or air-conditioning load of a building. It also affects the moisture and contaminant balances in the building. Moisture-laden air passing through the building envelope can permit condensation and cause material degradation. An appropriate level of ventilation is required in all buildings; one should consult ASHRAE Standard 62 to determine the ventilation requirements of a building.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers techniques using tracer gas dilution for determining a single zone's air change with the outdoors, as induced by weather conditions and by mechanical ventilation. These techniques are: (1) concentration decay, (2) constant injection, and (3) constant concentration.  
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1.5 Determination of the contribution to air change by individual components of the zone enclosure is beyond the scope of this test method.  
1.6 The results from this test method pertain only to those conditions of weather and zonal operation that prevailed during the measurement. The use of the results from this test to predict air change under other conditions is beyond the scope of this test method.  
1.7 The text of this test method references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered requirements of this test method.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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ASTM D5953M-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Non-methane Organic Compounds (NMOC) in Ambient Air Using Cryogenic Preconcentration and Direct Flame Ionization Detection

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Many regulators, industrial processes, and other stakeholders require determination of NMOC in atmospheres.  
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5.2.1 The NMOC concentrations typically found at urban sites may range up to 1 ppm C to 3 ppm C or higher. In order to determine transport of precursors into an area monitoring site, measurement of NMOC upwind of the site may be necessary. Rural NMOC concentrations originating from areas free from NMOC sources are likely to be less than a few tenths of 1 ppm C.  
5.3 Conventional test methods based upon gas chromatography and qualitative and quantitative species evaluation are relatively time consuming, sometimes difficult and expensive in staff time and resources, and are not needed when only a measurement of NMOC is desired. The test method described requires only a simple, cryogenic pre-concentration procedure followed by direct detection with an FID. This test method provides a sensitive and accurate measurement of ambient total NMOC concentrations where speciated data are not required. Typical uses of this standard test method are as follows.  
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5.6.2 Capability of remote sampling with subsequent central laboratory analysis,  
5.6.3 Ability to ship and store samples, if necessary,  
5.6.4 Unattended sample collection,  
5.6.5 Analysis of samples from multiple sites with one analytical system,  
5.6.6 Collection of replicate samples for ...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method2 presents a procedure for sampling and determination of non-methane organic compounds (NMOC) in ambient, indoor, or workplace atmospheres.  
1.2 This test method describes the collection of integrated whole air samples in silanized or other passivated stainless steel canisters, and their subsequent laboratory analysis.  
1.2.1 This test method describes a procedure for sampling in canisters at final pressures above atmospheric pressure (pressurized sampling).  
1.3 This test method employs a cryogenic trapping procedure for concentration of the NMOC prior to analysis.  
1.4 This test method describes the determination of the NMOC by the flame ionization detection (FID), without the use of gas chromatographic columns and other procedures necessary for species separation.  
1.5 The range of this test method is from 20 ppb C to 10 000 ppb C (1, 2).3  
1.6 This test method has a larger uncertainty for some halogenated or oxygenated hydrocarbons than for simple hydrocarbons or aromatic compounds. This is especially true if there are high concentrations of chlorocarbons or chlorofluorocarbons present.  
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Techn...

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ASTM
ASTM D5702-18(2022)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Field Sampling of Coating Films for Analysis for Heavy Metals

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Prior to beginning a project that involves the removal, cutting, grinding, or burning of paint, it is necessary to determine if the coating contains hazardous metals, such as lead. If it does, certain requirements for worker and environmental protection may need to be imposed. The presence and quantity of hazardous metals in a paint can be determined through laboratory analysis. Proper sampling protocol is needed to assure the laboratory results represent the actual amount of heavy metal in the coating. The number and location of samples to be removed must also be determined to characterize properly the extent of the presence of hazardous materials, if any, on a structure.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a method to control the removal of samples of coating films from substrates for subsequent laboratory analysis for heavy metal content on a mass basis. This technique can be used in the field, the fabricating shop, or laboratory.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard information, see Section 5, Note 1, and Note 3.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D5954-22a(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Mercury Sampling and Measurement in Gaseous Fuels by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method can be used to measure the level of mercury in any gaseous fuel (as defined by Terminology D4150) for purposes such as determining compliance with regulations, studying the effect of various abatement procedures on mercury emissions, checking the validity of direct instrumental measurements, and verifying that mercury concentrations are below those required for gaseous fuel processing and operations.  
5.2 Adsorption of the mercury on gold-coated sorbent can remove interferences associated with the direct measurement of mercury in the presence of high concentrations of organic compounds. It preconcentrates the mercury before analysis, thereby offering measurement of ultra-low average concentrations in a gas stream over a long time span. It avoids the cumbersome use of liquid spargers with on-site sampling and eliminates contamination problems associated with the use of potassium permanganate solutions.5,6,7
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of total mercury in gaseous fuels at concentrations down to 0.5 ng/m3. It includes separate procedures for both sampling and atomic absorption spectrophotometric determination of mercury. This procedure detects both inorganic and organic forms of mercury.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.3 Warning—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause serious medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been demonstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury or mercury containing products, or both, into your state or country may be prohibited by law.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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