ASTM F2207-02
(Specification)Standard Specification for Cured-in-Place Pipe Lining System for Rehabilitation of Metallic Gas Pipe
Standard Specification for Cured-in-Place Pipe Lining System for Rehabilitation of Metallic Gas Pipe
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers requirements and method of testing for materials, dimensions, hydrostatic burst strength, chemical resistance, adhesion strength and tensile strength properties for cured-in-place (CIP) pipe liners installed into existing metallic gas pipes, 3/4 to 48 in. nominal pipe size, for renewal purposes. The maximum allowable operating pressure (MAOP) of such renewed gas pipe shall not exceed a pressure of 100 psig (689 kPa). The cured-in-place pipe liners covered by this specification are intended for use in pipelines transporting natural gas, petroleum fuels (propane-air and propane-butane vapor mixtures), and manufactured and mixed gases, where resistance to gas permeation, ground movement, internal corrosion, leaking joints, pinholes, and chemical attack are required.
1.2 The cured-in-place pipe liners covered by this specification are intended for use in existing structurally sound or partially deteriorated metallic gas pipe as defined in . They are installed with limited excavation using an inversion method (air or water) and are considered to be a trenchless pipeline rehabilitation technology. The inverted liner is bonded to the inside wall of the host pipe using a compatible adhesive (usually an adhesive or polyurethane) in order to prevent gas migration between the host pipe wall and the CIP liner and, also, to keep the liner from collapsing under its own weight.
1.3 CIP liners can be installed in partially deteriorated pipe as defined in . Even for low pressure gas distribution systems, which typically operate at less than 1 psig, CIP liners are not intended for use as a stand-alone gas carrier pipe but rely on the structural integrity of the host pipe. Therefore, the safe use of cured-in-place pipe lining technology for the rehabilitation of existing cast iron, steel, or other metallic gas piping systems, operating at pressures up to 100 psig, is contingent on a technical assessment of the projected operating condition of the pipe for the expected 30 to 50 year life of the CIP liner. Cured-in-place pipe liners are intended to repair/rehabilitate structurally sound pipelines having relatively small, localized defects such as localized corrosion, welds that are weaker than required for service, or loose joints (cast iron pipe), where leaks might occur.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.
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An American National Standard
Designation: F 2207 – 02
Standard Specification for
Cured-in-Place Pipe Lining System for Rehabilitation of
Metallic Gas Pipe
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 2207; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope are weaker than required for service, or loose joints (cast iron
pipe), where leaks might occur.
1.1 This specification covers requirements and method of
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
testing for materials, dimensions, hydrostatic burst strength,
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
chemical resistance, adhesion strength and tensile strength
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
properties for cured-in-place (CIP) pipe liners installed into
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
existing metallic gas pipes, ⁄4 to 48 in. nominal pipe size, for
bility of regulatory requirements prior to use.
renewal purposes. The maximum allowable operating pressure
(MAOP) of such renewed gas pipe shall not exceed a pressure
2. Referenced Documents
of 100 psig (689 kPa). The cured-in-place pipe liners covered
2.1 ASTM Standards:
by this specification are intended for use in pipelines transport-
D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
ing natural gas, petroleum fuels (propane-air and propane-
D 543 Practice for Evaluating the Test Method for Resis-
butane vapor mixtures), and manufactured and mixed gases,
tance of Plastics to Chemical Reagents
whereresistancetogaspermeation,groundmovement,internal
D 883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
corrosion, leaking joints, pinholes, and chemical attack are
D 1598 Test Method for Time-to-Failure of Plastic Pipe
required.
Under Constant Internal Pressure
1.2 The cured-in-place pipe liners covered by this specifi-
D 1600 Terminology for Terms Relating to Plastics
cation are intended for use in existing structurally sound or
D 1763 Specifications for adhesive Resins
partially deteriorated metallic gas pipe as defined in 3.2.8.
D 2240 Test Method for Rubber Property—Durometer
They are installed with limited excavation using an inversion
Hardness
method (air or water) and are considered to be a trenchless
D 2837 Test Method for Obtaining Hydrostatic Design
pipeline rehabilitation technology.The inverted liner is bonded
Basis for Thermoplastic Pipe Materials
to the inside wall of the host pipe using a compatible adhesive
D 3167 Test Method for Floating Roller Peel Resistance of
(usually an adhesive or polyurethane) in order to prevent gas
Adhesives
migration between the host pipe wall and the CIP liner and,
D 3892 Practice for Packaging/Packing of Plastics
also, to keep the liner from collapsing under its own weight.
D 4848 Terminology of Force, Deformation and Related
1.3 CIP liners can be installed in partially deteriorated pipe
Properties of Textiles
as defined in 3.2.8. Even for low pressure gas distribution
D 4850 Terminology Relating to Fabric
systems, which typically operate at less than 1 psig, CIP liners
F 412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems
are not intended for use as a stand-alone gas carrier pipe but
rely on the structural integrity of the host pipe. Therefore, the
3. Terminology
safe use of cured-in-place pipe lining technology for the
3.1 General—Definitions are in accordance with those set
rehabilitation of existing cast iron, steel, or other metallic gas
forth in Terminologies D 123, D 883, D 4848, D 4850, and
piping systems, operating at pressures up to 100 psig, is
F 412. Abbreviations are in accordance with Terminology
contingent on a technical assessment of the projected operating
D 1600, unless otherwise indicated.
condition of the pipe for the expected 30 to 50 year life of the
CIP liner. Cured-in-place pipe liners are intended to repair/
rehabilitate structurally sound pipelines having relatively
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.01.
small, localized defects such as localized corrosion, welds that
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.04.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 09.01.
1 6
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F17 on Plastic Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.06.
Piping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.60 on Gas. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.02.
Current edition approved Sept. 10, 2002. Published October 2002. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.02.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
F2207–02
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: on the desired design characteristics of the composite. All
3.2.1 adhesive system—the adhesive system is typically a materials shall be compatible for natural gas service. Because
two-part adhesive or polyurethane consisting of a resin and a CIP pipe liners are both multi-component and multi-material
hardener. The flexible tubing, after wet-out, is inserted into the systems, it becomes necessary to specify minimum material
pipeline to be rehabilitated using an inversion method. After performance requirements for the liner composite rather than
the inversion is complete, the adhesive is cured using either specific material testing requirements for the individual com-
ambient or thermal processes. ponents. These requirements are outlined in Section 5.
3.2.2 cleaned pipe—pipe whose inside wall, that which is
4.1.1 Flexible Tubing—For a two-component system, the
bonded to the CIP pipe liner, has been cleaned down to bare
flexible tubing consists of a jacket with an elastomer skin that
metal and is free of tars, pipeline liquids, oils, corrosion
functions as a gas barrier. For a three-component system, the
by-products, and other materials that could impair the bonding
elastomerskinistheflexibletubing.Theelastomerskininboth
of the liner to the pipe wall. systems is typically made of polyurethane or polyester. The
3.2.3 composite—the composite is the combination of the
flexible tubing is fit tightly against the inner surface of the
cured adhesive system, the elastomer skin, and the jacket. existing pipe by diametrical expansion using air or water
3.2.4 elastomer skin—the elastomer skin is a membrane,
pressure and bonded to the inner pipe wall with an adhesive.
typically made of polyurethane or polyester, allowing for both
4.1.2 Jacket—The jacket is made of polyester or other
inversion of the liner during the installation process and
synthetic materials compatible with the application. The jacket
pressure tight in-service operation. When the flexible tubing is
provides the necessary strength to the composite to meet the
inverted into the pipeline to be rehabilitated, the elastomer skin
required design characteristics, for example, resistance to
becomes the inside surface of the newly rehabilitated pipeline,
internal and external pressure, resistance to earth movement,
directly exposed to the gas being transported.
and diametrical expandability.
3.2.5 expansion ratio table—a table of measured diameters
4.1.3 Elastomer Skin—The elastomer skin holds the adhe-
of the flexible tubing at increments of pressure, supplied by the
sive system inside the flexible tubing during the wet-out,
manufacturer. The expansion ratio is used to calculate the
inversion, and curing. During the inversion and curing, the
pressure required to fit the flexible tubing against the pipe wall
elastomer skin holds the air, water, or steam pressure inside the
and to determine the applicable range of pipe I.D. for a given
flexible tubing. When the flexible tubing is inverted into the
diameter flexible tubing.
existing pipe, the elastomer skin becomes the inside surface of
3.2.6 flexible tubing—theflexibletubeisthetubingmaterial
the lined pipe. Upon completion of the installation, the
inverted into the host pipe and is used to carry and distribute
elastomer skin is directly exposed to the gas being transported
the adhesive. For a two-component system, the flexible tubing
and forms a gas barrier. The elastomer skin shall have a high
consists of a cylindrical jacket coated with an elastomer skin.
chemical resistance to the materials it is in contact with as
For a three-component system, it is the same as the elastomer
defined in 5.1.3. For two-component systems, the elastomer
skin.
skinisextrudedorotherwiseplacedontheoutsideofthejacket
3.2.7 jacket—the jacket is a textile product that is manufac-
during the manufacture of the flexible tubing.
tured into a cylindrical form. It is made of synthetic materials,
4.1.4 Adhesive System—The adhesive is a two-part system
typically polyester, and provides the tensile strength and
composed of a resin and a hardener. The adhesive formulation
flexibility necessary to resist the specified sustained pressure
can be modified as necessary to meet the curing time, strength,
when installed in partially deteriorated pipe as defined in 3.2.8.
and application requirements specified for the lining installa-
3.2.8 partially deteriorated metallic pipe—pipe that has
tion. The cured adhesive system, in combination with the
either been weakened or is leaking because of localized
flexible tubing, forms the composite. Either ambient or thermal
corrosion, welds that are weaker than required for service,
curing of the adhesive system may be used.
deteriorated joints (cast iron), etc. Partially deteriorated pipe
cansupportthesoilandinternalpressurethroughoutthedesign
5. Requirements
life of the composite except at the relatively small local points
5.1 Jacket and Elastomer Skin (Pre-Installation):
identified above.
5.1.1 Workmanship—Both the jacket and the elastomer skin
3.2.9 three-component system—a CIP pipe lining system
shall be free from defects such as tears, bubbles, cracks, and
comprised of three separate components, which are the elas-
scratches that could cause the liner to not be able to hold
tomer skin, the jacket, and the adhesive.
inversion and expansion pressures and, therefore, fail during
3.2.10 two-component system—a CIP pipe lining system
installation. For two-component systems, the flexible tubing
comprised of two separate components, which are the flexible
shallberolledontoareeldesignedtoprovideprotectionduring
tube and the adhesive.
shipping and handling. For three-component systems, the
3.2.11 wet-out—the process of placing the adhesive system
elastomer skin shall be rolled onto reels designed to provide
intotheflexibletubinganduniformlydistributingitpriortothe
protection during shipping and handling.The jacket may either
inversion process.
be rolled onto reels or folded into boxes.
4. Materials
5.1.2 Dimensions—An expansion ratio table, as defined in
4.1 The materials shall consist of the flexible tubing, jacket, 3.2.5, including nominal size and length, shall be attached to
and the adhesive system. The combination of materials used in each roll of flexible tubing or jacket and elastomer skin prior to
both the flexible tubing and the adhesive system shall depend shipment from the manufacturer. All material dimensions and
F2207–02
physical properties must at least meet the minimum specifica- 5.2.3 Chemical Resistance—The cured adhesive system
tions, requirements, or tolerances assumed in establishing the shall have resistance to the chemicals listed in 5.1.3. The
strength tests under Section 6. weight of the test specimen shall not increase by more than
5.1.3 Chemical Resistance—The jacket and the elastomer 14 % nor decrease by more than 3 % and it shall retain at least
skin materials shall be compatible with the liquids listed in 80 % of both its hardness, when measured in accordance with
Table 1 and tested in accordance with Practice D 543, Practice Test Method D 2240, and its peeling strength, when measured
A, Procedure I. Neither tensile strength nor elongation of any in accordance with Test Method D 3167. This test shall be a
of the components shall change more than 20 %. Weight of the qualification test to be performed once for each class of
test specimen after testing shall not have increased by more adhesives developed by each manufacturer.
than 14 % or decreased by more than 3 %. This test shall be a
5.3 Composite (Post-Installation and Cure):
qualification test to be performed once for each class or
5.3.1 Mechanical Properties:
pressure rating of installed pipe liner.
5.3.1.1 Peeling Strength—The peeling strength of the com-
5.1.4 Elastomeric Peeling Strength—The peeling strength
posite shall be determined by the peeling strength of the
between the jacket and the elastomer skin shall meet or exceed
adhesive system as required in 5.2.2.
7.0 lb/in. (1.2 kg/cm) when measured in accordance with Test
5.3.1.2 Strength Test—Themanufacturershallconductpres-
Method D 3167.
sure tests to demonstrate the strength of the composite. The
5.1.5 Physical Properties—For two-component systems,
tests shall be conducted on properly lined partially deteriorated
the design pressure of the flexible tubing shall be sufficient to
pipeasdefinedin3.2.8.Foragivenpipelineoperatingpressure
withstand the required installation, testing, and operating
rating, the lined partially deteriorated pipe shall be tested at a
pressures and to form the required composite. For three-
minimum pressure of two times the certified MAOP of the
component systems, the design pressure of the elastomer skin
pipeline for a minimum of one hour without leakage. The
or flexible tube shall be sufficient to withstand the installation
MAOPshall be determined as defined in 5.4. Nitrogen gas, air,
inversion pressure and the design pressure of the combined
or water may be used to conduct the strength tests.
jacket and elastomer skin shall be high enough to withstand the
5.3.1.3 Flexibility Tests—The manufacturer shall demon-
testing and operating pressures and to form the composite. For
stratetheflexibilityofeachlinercompositeproductasinstalled
both systems the flexible tubing shall be flexible enough to
in partially deteriorated pipe by performing either a tensile test,
allow installation using the inversion method.
see 6.1.4, or a bend test, see 6.1.5, while pressurized to the
5.2 Adhesive System (Post-Installation and Cure):
certified MAOP of the lined pipeline. For both of these tests,
5.2.1 General—The adhesive system shall provide uniform
the liner composite shall not leak for a minimum period of 24
bonding of the jacket to the I.D. of the host pipe. The adhesive
h.These tests are not considered
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