ASTM D3689-07
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Deep Foundations Under Static Axial Tensile Load
Standard Test Methods for Deep Foundations Under Static Axial Tensile Load
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Field tests provide the most reliable relationship between the axial load applied to a deep foundation and the resulting axial movement. Test results may also provide information used to assess the distribution of side shear resistance along the pile shaft and the long-term load-deflection behavior. A foundation designer may evaluate the test results to determine if, after applying an appropriate factor of safety, the pile or pile group has an ultimate static capacity and a deflection at service load satisfactory to support a specific foundation. When performed as part of a multiple-pile test program, the designer may also use the results to assess the viability of different piling types and the variability of the test site.
If feasible, without exceeding the safe structural load on the pile(s) or pile cap, the maximum load applied should reach a failure load from which the engineer may determine the ultimate axial static tensile load capacity of the pile(s). Tests that achieve a failure load may help the designer improve the efficiency of the foundation by reducing the piling length, quantity, or size.
If deemed impractical to apply axial test loads to an inclined pile, the engineer may elect to use axial test results from a nearby vertical pile to evaluate the axial capacity of the inclined pile.
Note 1—The quality of the result produced by these test methods is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D 3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of these test methods are cautioned that compliance with Practice D 3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D 3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 The test methods described in this standard measure the axial deflection of a vertical or inclined deep foundation when loaded in static axial tension. These methods apply to all deep foundations, referred to herein as "piles," that function in a manner similar to driven piles or cast in place piles, regardless of their method of installation, and may be used for testing single piles or pile groups. The test results may not represent the long-term performance of a deep foundation.
1.2 This standard provides minimum requirements for testing deep foundations under static axial tensile load. Plans, specifications, provisions, or any combination thereof prepared by a qualified engineer may provide additional requirements and procedures as needed to satisfy the objectives of a particular test program. The engineer in responsible charge of the foundation design, referred to herein as the engineer, shall approve any deviations, deletions, or additions to the requirements of this standard.
1.3 This standard allows the following test procedures:
1.4 Apparatus and procedures herein designated "optional" may produce different test results and may be used only when approved by the engineer. The word "shall" indicates a mandatory provision, and the word "should" indicates a recommended or advisory provision. Imperative sentences indicate mandatory provisions.
1.5 A qualified geotechnical engineer should interpret the test results obtained from the procedures of this standard so as to predict the actual performance and adequacy of piles used in the constructed foundation. See for comments regarding some of the factors influencing the interpretation of test results.
1.6 A qualified engineer shall design and approve all loading apparatus, loaded members, support frames, and test procedures. The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered requirements of the standard. This standard also includes illustration...
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Designation: D3689 − 07
StandardTest Methods for
1
Deep Foundations Under Static Axial Tensile Load
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3689; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* the constructed foundation. See Appendix X1 for comments
regarding some of the factors influencing the interpretation of
1.1 The test methods described in this standard measure the
test results.
axial deflection of a vertical or inclined deep foundation when
1.6 A qualified engineer shall design and approve all load-
loaded in static axial tension. These methods apply to all deep
foundations, referred to herein as “piles,” that function in a ing apparatus, loaded members, support frames, and test
procedures. The text of this standard references notes and
manner similar to driven piles or cast in place piles, regardless
footnotes which provide explanatory material.These notes and
of their method of installation, and may be used for testing
footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be
single piles or pile groups. The test results may not represent
considered requirements of the standard. This standard also
the long-term performance of a deep foundation.
includes illustrations and appendices intended only for ex-
1.2 This standard provides minimum requirements for test-
planatory or advisory use.
ing deep foundations under static axial tensile load. Plans,
1.7 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
specifications, provisions, or any combination thereof prepared
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
by a qualified engineer may provide additional requirements
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
and procedures as needed to satisfy the objectives of a
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
particular test program. The engineer in responsible charge of
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
the foundation design, referred to herein as the engineer, shall
with the standard.
approve any deviations, deletions, or additions to the require-
ments of this standard.
1.8 The gravitational system of inch-pound units is used
when dealing with inch-pound units. In this system, the pound
1.3 This standard allows the following test procedures:
(lbf) represents a unit of force (weight), while the unit for mass
Procedure Test Section
isslugs.Therationalizedslugunitisnotgiven,unlessdynamic
A Quick Test 8.1.2
B Maintained Test (optional) 8.1.3
(F=ma) calculations are involved.
C Loading in Excess of Maintained Test (optional) 8.1.4
D Constant Time Interval Test (optional) 8.1.5
1.9 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the
E Constant Rate of Uplift Test (optional) 8.1.6
guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in
F Cyclic Loading Test (optional) 8.1.7
Practice D6026.
1.4 Apparatus and procedures herein designated “optional”
1.10 The method used to specify how data are collected,
may produce different test results and may be used only when
calculated, or recorded in this standard is not directly related to
approved by the engineer. The word “shall” indicates a
theaccuracytowhichthedatacanbeappliedindesignorother
mandatory provision, and the word “should” indicates a
uses, or both. How one applies the results obtained using this
recommended or advisory provision. Imperative sentences
standard is beyond its scope.
indicate mandatory provisions.
1.11 ASTM International takes no position respecting the
1.5 A qualified geotechnical engineer should interpret the
validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any
test results obtained from the procedures of this standard so as
item mentioned in this standard. Users of this standard are
to predict the actual performance and adequacy of piles used in
expresslyadvisedthatdeterminationofthevalidityofanysuch
patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, are
entirely their own responsibility.
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil
1.12 This standard does not purport to address all of the
and Rock and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.11 on Deep
Foundations.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2007. Published October 2007. Originally
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
approvedin1978.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin1995asD3689 – 90(95)which
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
was withdrawn December 2003 and reinstated in September 2007. DOI: 10.1
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D3689–90(Reapproved 1995)
Standard Test Method for Individual Piles Under Static Axial
Tensile LoadDesignation:D3689–07
Standard Test Methods for
1
Deep Foundations Under Static Axial Tensile Load
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3689; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
This test method covers routine procedures to determine uplift capacity of piles. The provisions
permit the introduction of more detailed requirements and procedures, when required to satisfy the
objectives of the test program. While the procedures herein produce a relationship between applied
load and pile movement, the results may not represent long-term performance.
1. Scope
1.1This test method covers procedures for testing vertical or batter piles, individually or in groups, to determine response of the
pile or pile group to a static tensile load applied axially to the pile or pile group. This test method is applicable to all deep
foundation units that function in a manner similar to piles, regardless of their method of installation. This test method is divided
into the following sections: *
1.1 The test methods described in this standard measure the axial deflection of a vertical or inclined deep foundation when
loaded in static axial tension. These methods apply to all deep foundations, referred to herein as “piles,” that function in a manner
similar to driven piles or cast in place piles, regardless of their method of installation, and may be used for testing single piles or
pile groups. The test results may not represent the long-term performance of a deep foundation.
1.2 This standard provides minimum requirements for testing deep foundations under static axial tensile load. Plans,
specifications, provisions, or any combination thereof prepared by a qualified engineer may provide additional requirements and
procedures as needed to satisfy the objectives of a particular test program. The engineer in responsible charge of the foundation
design, referred to herein as the engineer, shall approve any deviations, deletions, or additions to the requirements of this standard.
1.3 This standard allows the following test procedures:
Section
Referenced DocumentsProcedure 2
Significance and Use 3
Significance and UseTest Section
Apparatus for Applying Loads 4A Quick Test 8.1.2
Apparatus for Measuring Movements 5B Maintained Test (optional) 8.1.3
Safety Precautions 6C Loading in Excess of Maintained Test (optional) 8.1.4
Loading Procedures 7D Constant Time Interval Test (optional) 8.1.5
Procedures for Measuring Movements 8E Constant Rate of Uplift Test (optional) 8.1.6
Report 9
Precision and Bias 10F Cyclic Loading Test (optional) 8.1.7
1.2This test method only describes procedures for testing single piles or pile groups. It does not cover the interpretation or
analysis of the test results or the application of the test results to foundation design. See
1.4 Apparatus and procedures herein designated “optional” may produce different test results and may be used only when
approved by the engineer. The word “shall” indicates a mandatory provision, and the word “should” indicates a recommended or
advisory provision. Imperative sentences indicate mandatory provisions.
1
ThisThese test method ismethods are under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D-18 D18 on Soil and Rock and isare the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.11
on Deep Foundations.
Current edition approved May 25, 1990. Published July 1990. Originally published as D3689–78. Last previous edition D3689–83.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2007. Published October 2007. Originally approved in 1978. Last previous edition approved in 1995 as D 3689 – 90 (95) which was
withdrawn December 2003 and reinstated in September 2007.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D3689–07
1.5 A qualified geotechnical engineer should interpret the test results obtained from the procedures of this standard so as to
predicttheactualperformanceandadequacyofpilesusedintheconstructedfoundation.SeeAppendixX1forcommentsregarding
some of the factors influencing the interpretation
...
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