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ASTM F645-18a

(Guide)

Standard Guide for Selection, Design, and Installation of Thermoplastic Water- Pressure Piping Systems

Standard Guide for Selection, Design, and Installation of Thermoplastic Water- Pressure Piping Systems

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The requirements of this specification are intended to provide information to select, design and install thermoplastic, water-pressure piping systems. Materials covered in this specification are Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC), Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) and Polyethylene (PE) plastic pipe fittings.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide is intended for use in the selection, design, and installation of thermoplastic water-pressure piping systems. For specific projects, a thorough review of this guide is recommended for the purpose of selecting specific materials, methods of joining, system design factor, and any special procedures deemed necessary to assure a satisfactory system.  
Note 1: Comprehensive information on the selection, design, joining, system design factors, installation and special products and piping systems for pressurized water and other specialized applications is available in the PPI Handbook of Polyethylene Pipe and from other domestic and International sources such as PE compound and product manufacturers and trade associations.  
1.2 It is recommended that governing codes and project specifications be consulted prior to the use of this guide. Nothing in this guide should be construed as recommending practices or systems at variance with governing codes and project specifications.  
1.3 The pipe, fittings, and joining materials shall meet the requirements of one or more of the following component product standards listed in 1.3.1 through 1.3.4 to the extent applicable. In 1.3.1, 1.3.2, and 1.3.4 the pipe standards followed by (a) are outside diameter-controlled pipes.  
1.3.1 For poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) plastic piping components:      
Title of Specification  
ASTM
Designation  
Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe, Schedules 40, 80
and 120 (a)  
D1785    
Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe (SDR-PR) (a)  
D2241    
Threaded Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe Fittings,
Schedule 80  
D2464    
Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe Fittings, Schedule
40  
D2466  
Socket-Type Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe
Fittings, Schedule 80  
D2467  
Solvent Cements for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe
and Fittings  
D2564  
Bell-End Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Pipe (a)  
D2672    
Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Tubing (a)  
D2740    
Socket-Type Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Line
Couplings  
D3036    
Joints for Plastic Pressure Pipes Using Flexible Elastomeric
Seals  
D3139    
Elastomeric Seals (Gaskets) for Joining Plastic Pipe  
F477    
PVC and ABS Injected Solvent Cemented Plastic Pipe
Joints  
F545  
1.3.2 For Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl chloride) (CPVC) plastic piping components:      
Title of Specification  
ASTM
Designation  
Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl chloride) (CPVC) Plastic Pipe, Schedules 40 and 80 (a)  
F441/F441M  
Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl chloride) (CPVC) Plastic Pipe Fittings, Schedule 80  
F439  
Solvent Cements for Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl chloride) (CPVC) Plastic Pipe and Fittings  
F493  
1.3.3 Standards for polyethylene (PE) plastic piping:      
ASTM Standard  
Designation  
Standard Specification for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe (SIDR-PR) Based on Controlled Inside Diameter  
D2239  
Standard Specification for Plastic Insert Fittings for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe  
D2609  
Standard Specification for Socket-Type Polyethylene Fittings for Outside Diameter-Controlled Polyethylene Pipe and Tubing  
D2683  
Standard Specification for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Tubing  
D2737  
Standard Practice for Underground Installation of Thermoplastic Pressure Piping  
D2774  
Standard Specification for Butt Heat Fusion Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Fittings for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe and Tubing  
D3261  
Standard Specification for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe (DR-PR) Based on Controlled Outside Diameter  
D3035  
...

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
28-Feb-2018
ICS
23.040.20 - Plastics pipes
Technical Committee
F17 - Plastic Piping Systems
Drafting Committee
F17.61 - Water
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM F645-18 - Standard Guide for Selection, Design, and Installation of Thermoplastic Water- Pressure Piping Systems
Effective Date
01-Mar-2018
Replaced By
ASTM F645-18b - Standard Guide for Selection, Design, and Installation of Thermoplastic Water- Pressure Piping Systems
Effective Date
01-Nov-2018
Referred By
ASTM F1668-16(2022) - Standard Guide for Construction Procedures for Buried Plastic Pipe
Effective Date
01-Mar-2018
Referred By
ASTM D2846/D2846M-19a - Standard Specification for Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Plastic Hot- and Cold-Water Distribution Systems
Effective Date
01-Mar-2018
Referred By
ASTM F412-23 - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems
Effective Date
01-Mar-2018

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REDLINE ASTM F645-18a - Standard Guide for Selection, Design, and Installation of Thermoplastic Water- Pressure Piping SystemsREDLINE ASTM F645-18a - Standard Guide for Selection, Design, and Installation of Thermoplastic Water- Pressure Piping Systems
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: F645 − 18a An American National Standard
Standard Guide for
Selection, Design, and Installation of Thermoplastic Water-
1
Pressure Piping Systems
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationF645;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
Bell-End Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Pipe (a) D2672
Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Tubing (a) D2740
1.1 This guide is intended for use in the selection, design,
Socket-Type Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Line D3036
and installation of thermoplastic water-pressure piping sys- Couplings
Joints for Plastic Pressure Pipes Using Flexible Elastomeric D3139
tems. For specific projects, a thorough review of this guide is
Seals
recommended for the purpose of selecting specific materials,
Elastomeric Seals (Gaskets) for Joining Plastic Pipe F477
methods of joining, system design factor, and any special PVC and ABS Injected Solvent Cemented Plastic Pipe F545
Joints
procedures deemed necessary to assure a satisfactory system.
1.3.2 For Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl chloride) (CPVC) plastic
NOTE 1—Comprehensive information on the selection, design, joining,
piping components:
systemdesignfactors,installationandspecialproductsandpipingsystems
for pressurized water and other specialized applications is available in the Title of Specification ASTM
Designation
PPI Handbook of Polyethylene Pipe and from other domestic and
Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl chloride) (CPVC) Plastic Pipe, F441/F441M
International sources such as PE compound and product manufacturers
Schedules 40 and 80 (a)
and trade associations.
Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl chloride) (CPVC) Plastic Pipe Fittings, F439
1.2 It is recommended that governing codes and project Schedule 80
Solvent Cements for Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl chloride) (CPVC) F493
specifications be consulted prior to the use of this guide.
Plastic Pipe and Fittings
Nothing in this guide should be construed as recommending
1.3.3 Standards for polyethylene (PE) plastic piping:
practices or systems at variance with governing codes and
ASTM Standard Designation
project specifications.
Standard Specification for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe D2239
1.3 The pipe, fittings, and joining materials shall meet the (SIDR-PR) Based on Controlled Inside Diameter
Standard Specification for Plastic Insert Fittings for Polyeth- D2609
requirements of one or more of the following component
ylene (PE) Plastic Pipe
product standards listed in 1.3.1 through 1.3.4 to the extent
Standard Specification for Socket-Type Polyethylene Fittings D2683
applicable. In 1.3.1, 1.3.2, and 1.3.4 the pipe standards fol- for Outside Diameter-Controlled Polyethylene Pipe and Tub-
ing
lowed by (a) are outside diameter-controlled pipes.
Standard Specification for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Tubing D2737
1.3.1 For poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) plastic piping compo-
Standard Practice for Underground Installation of Thermo- D2774
nents: plastic Pressure Piping
Standard Specification for Butt Heat Fusion Polyethylene D3261
ASTM
(PE) Plastic Fittings for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe and
Title of Specification Designation
Tubing
Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe, Schedules 40, 80 D1785
Standard Specification for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe D3035
and 120 (a)
(DR-PR) Based on Controlled Outside Diameter
Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe (SDR-PR) (a) D2241
Standard Specification for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe F714
Threaded Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe Fittings, D2464
(DR-PR) Based on Outside Diameter
Schedule 80
Standard Specification for Electrofusion Type Polyethylene F1055
Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe Fittings, Schedule D2466
Fittings for Outside Diameter Controlled Polyethylene and
40
Crosslinked Polyethylene (PEX) Pipe and Tubing
Socket-Type Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe D2467
Standard Specification for Socket Fusion Tools for Use in F1056
Fittings, Schedule 80
Socket Fusion Joining Polyethylene Pipe or Tubing and Fit-
Solvent Cements for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe D2564
tings
and Fittings
Standard Practice for Electrofusion Joining Polyolefin Pipe F1290
and Fittings
Standard Specification for Deformed Polyethylene (PE) F1533
Liner
1
Standard Guide for Construction Procedures for Buried F1668
This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F17 on Plastic Piping
Plastic Pipe
Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.61 on Water.
Standard Practice for Field Leak Testing of Polyethylene F2164
Current edition approved March 1, 2018. Published April 2018. Originally
(PE) and Crosslinked Polyethylene (PEX) Pressure Piping
approved in 1980. Last previous edi
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: F645 − 18 F645 − 18a An American National Standard
Standard Guide for
Selection, Design, and Installation of Thermoplastic Water-
1
Pressure Piping Systems
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F645; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This guide is intended for use in the selection, design, and installation of thermoplastic water systems for use outside
buildings. water-pressure piping systems. For specific projects, a thorough review of this guide is recommended for the purpose
of selecting specific materials, methods of joining, system design factor, and any special procedures deemed necessary to assure
a satisfactory system.
NOTE 1—Comprehensive information on the selection, design, joining, system design factors, installation and special products and piping systems for
pressurized water and other specialized applications is available in the PPI Handbook of Polyethylene Pipe and from other domestic and International
sources such as PE compound and product manufacturers and trade associations.
1.2 It is recommended that governing codes and project specifications be consulted prior to the use of this guide. Nothing in
this guide should be construed as recommending practices or systems at variance with governing codes and project specifications.
1.3 The pipe, fittings, and joining materials shall meet the requirements of one or more of the following component product
standards listed in 1.3.1 through 1.3.4 to the extent applicable. In 1.3.1, 1.3.2, and 1.3.4 the pipe standards followed by (a) are
outside diameter-controlled pipes.
1.3.1 For poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) plastic piping components:
ASTM
Title of Specification Designation
Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe, Schedules 40, 80 D1785
and 120 (a)
Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe (SDR-PR) (a) D2241
Threaded Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe Fittings, D2464
Schedule 80
Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe Fittings, Schedule D2466
40
Socket-Type Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe D2467
Fittings, Schedule 80
Solvent Cements for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe D2564
and Fittings
Bell-End Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Pipe (a) D2672
Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Tubing (a) D2740
Socket-Type Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Line D3036
Couplings
Joints for Plastic Pressure Pipes Using Flexible Elastomeric D3139
Seals
Elastomeric Seals (Gaskets) for Joining Plastic Pipe F477
PVC and ABS Injected Solvent Cemented Plastic Pipe F545
Joints
1.3.2 For Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl chloride) (CPVC) plastic piping components:
Title of Specification ASTM
Designation
Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl chloride) (CPVC) Plastic Pipe, Schedules 40 and 80 (a) F441/F441M
Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl chloride) (CPVC) Plastic Pipe Fittings, Schedule 80 F439
Solvent Cements for Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl chloride) (CPVC) Plastic Pipe and Fittings F493
1.3.3 Standards for polyethylene (PE) plastic piping:
ASTM Standards Designation
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F17 on Plastic Piping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.61 on Water.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2018March 1, 2018. Published April 2018. Originally approved in 1980. Last previous edition approved in 20152018 as
F645 – 15a.F645 – 18. DOI: 10.1520/F0645-18.10.1520/F0645-18A.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F645 − 18a
ASTM Standard Designation
Standard Specification for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe D2239
(SIDR-PR) Based on Controlled Inside Diameter
Standard Specification for Plastic Insert Fittings for Polyeth- D2609
ylene (PE) Plastic Pipe
Standard Specification for Socket-Type Polyethylene Fittings D2683
for Outside Diameter-Controlled Polyethylene Pipe and Tub-
ing
Standard Specification for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Tubing D2737
Standard Practice for Underground Installation of Thermo- D2774
plastic Pressure Piping
Standard Specification for Butt Heat Fusion Polyethylene D3261
(PE) Plastic Fittings for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe and
Tubing
Standard Specification for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe D3035
(DR-PR) Based
...

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ASTM D2152-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Adequacy of Fusion of Extruded Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Pipe and Molded Fittings by Acetone Immersion

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
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1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM F628-23(Specification)
Standard Specification for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Schedule 40 Plastic Drain, Waste, and Vent Pipe With a Cellular Core

ABSTRACT
This specification covers coextruded acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) plastic drain, waste, and vent pipes made to Schedule 40 iron pipe sizes (IPS) with concentric inner and outer solid ABS layers and a closed-cell cellular ABS core. The ABS plastics used to make the pipes shall only be either virgin or reworked as specfieid. Reprocessed or recycled plastics are excluded from this specification. The pipes shall meet specified requirements for dimension such as outside diameter, wall thickness, and length; and for performance such as pipe stiffness, lower confidence limit, flattening resistance, impact strength, bond strength, pigments or screening agents, and solvent cement.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers coextruded acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) plastic drain, waste, and vent pipe made to Schedule 40 iron pipe sizes (IPS) and produced by the coextrusion process with concentric inner and outer solid ABS layers and the core consisting of closed-cell cellular ABS. Plastic which does not meet the material requirements specified in Section 5 is excluded from single layer and all coextruded layers.  
1.2 Fittings suitable for use with pipe meeting the requirements of this specification are given in Annex A1. Fittings meeting the requirement of Specification D2661 are also acceptable.  
1.3 Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene plastic which does not meet the definitions of virgin ABS plastic as given in 3.2.4 is excluded, as performance of plastic other than those defined as virgin was not determined. ABS rework plastic which meets the requirements of rework plastic as given in 5.3 is acceptable.  
1.4 Reprocessed plastic or recycled plastic as defined in Terminology D883 is excluded.  
1.5 Recommendations for storage, joining, and installation are provided in Appendix X1, Appendix X2, and Appendix X3, respectively.  
1.6 The text of this specification references notes, footnotes, and appendixes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the specification.  
1.7 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D1598-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Time-to-Failure of Plastic Pipe Under Constant Internal Pressure

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The data obtained by this test method are useful for establishing stress versus failure time relationships in a controlled environment from which the hydrostatic design basis for plastic pipe materials can be computed. (Refer to Test Method D2837 and Practice D2992.)  
5.2 In order to determine how plastics will perform as pipe, it is necessary to establish the stress-failure time relationships for pipe over 2 or more logarithmic decades of time (hours) in a controlled environment. Because of the nature of the test and specimens employed, no single line can adequately represent the data, and therefore the confidence limits should be established.  
Note 2: Some materials may exhibit a nonlinear relationship between log-stress and log-failure time, usually at short failure times. In such cases, the 105-hour stress value computed on the basis of short-term test data may be significantly different than the value obtained when a distribution of data points in accordance with Test Method D2837 is evaluated. However, these data may still be useful for quality control or other applications, provided correlation with long-term data has been established.  
5.3 The factors that affect creep and long-term strength behavior of plastic pipe are not completely known at this time. This procedure takes into account those factors that are known to have important influences and provides a tool for investigating others.  
5.4 Creep, or nonrecoverable deformation for pipe made of some plastics, is as important as actual leakage in deciding whether or not a pipe has failed. Specimens that exhibit localized ballooning, however, may lead to erroneous interpretation of the creep results unless a method of determining creep is established that precludes such a possibility. Circumferential measurements at two or three selected positions on a specimen may not be adequate.  
5.5 Great care must be used to ensure that specimens are representative of the pipe under evaluation. Departure...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the time-to-failure of both thermoplastic and reinforced thermosetting/resin pipe under constant internal pressure.  
1.2 This test method provides a method of characterizing plastics in the form of pipe under the conditions prescribed.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM F758-14(2023)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Smooth-Wall Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Underdrain Systems for Highway, Airport, and Similar Drainage

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the requirements for smooth-wall perforated and nonperforated poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) plastic pipe and couplings for use in subsurface drainage systems of highways, airports, and similar applications. Two classes (or pipe stiffness) are included and designated as PS 28 and PS 46. The pipe stiffness, impact resistance, pipe flattening, and solvent cement joint tightness shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for smooth-wall perforated and nonperforated poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) plastic pipe and couplings for use in subsurface drainage systems of highways, airports, and similar applications in nominal sizes of 4, 6, and 8 in. and in pipe stiffnesses (PS) that are designated as Type PS 28 and Type PS 46 in accordance with its minimum pipe stiffness.  
1.2 Molded fittings for use with highway underdrain pipe are in accordance with Specification D3034. For convenience, some of these fittings are reproduced in Annex A1.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
Note 1: Type PS 28 and Type PS 46 indicate “pipe stiffness” of 28 and 46, respectively, as outlined in 11.1.
Note 2: Pipe and fittings should be installed in accordance with Practice D2321, or applicable state or local specifications.  
1.4 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 11, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM F3203-19(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Gel Content of Crosslinked Polyethylene (PEX) Pipes and Tubing

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Many important properties of crosslinked ethylene plastics vary with the gel content. Hence, determination of the gel content provides a basis for controlling production processes and a means of establishing the quality of finished products.  
5.2 Extraction tests permit verification of the proper gel content of any given crosslinked ethylene plastic and they also permit comparison between different crosslinked ethylene plastics, including those containing fillers, provided that, for the latter, the following conditions are met:  
5.2.1 The filler is not soluble in the solvent used in this method at the extraction temperature.  
5.2.2 The amount of filler present in the compound either is known or can be determined.  
5.2.3 Sufficient crosslinking has been achieved to prevent migration of filler during the extraction. It has been found that, at gel content above 30 %, the solvent remains clear and free of filler.  
5.3 Since some oxidative degradation of the material and solvent may occur at the reflux temperature of the solvents, a suitable antioxidant is added to the solvent to inhibit such degradation.  
5.4 This test method is normally used for specimens consisting of an equal representation of the entire cross section of the product, but may also be used to examine specific portions of a product for differences in extent of cross-linking when compared to either a product standard or another sample.  
5.5 This test method is intended for testing crosslinked polyethylene compounds that are not hygroscopic. If compounds that are hygroscopic are tested using this method, specimen conditioning before and after extraction is required.  
5.6 This test method differs from Test Methods D2765, ISO 10147 and Test Method D7567 which also describe procedures for determining the gel content of crosslinked polyethylene. It allows for the use of naphthenic hydrocarbon blend, isoparaffin solvent, or light aromatic solvent naptha as alternatives to xylenes. Xylenes a...
SCOPE
1.1 The gel content of pipe and tubing produced from crosslinked polyethylene plastics as described in Specification F876 and other pipe or tubing standards is determined by extracting with solvents such as xylenes. A test method for quantitative determination of gel content is described herein. The method is applicable to PEX pipe and tubing of all densities, including those containing fillers, and provides correction for the inert fillers present in some of those compounds.  
1.2 Continuous extraction (see definition in Section 3) is used in this method to test the gel content of crosslinked polyethylene specimens. Continuous extraction when used for testing gel content has the advantages of decreased cost of testing, increased accuracy and consistency of results, and decreased test time. This is because extraction with a pure solvent is more efficient than extraction with a partially saturated solvent.  
1.3 While extraction tests may be made on articles of any shape, this test method is applicable for determining the gel content of crosslinked polyethylene pipes and tubing.  
1.4 This test method makes use of xylenes or alternative solvents. Alternative solvents either have lower toxicity than xylenes or allow decreased extraction times. The alternative solvents are also potentially beneficial from an economic and environmental viewpoint. Xylenes are used for referee tests.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The inch-pound units in brackets are for information only.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standard...

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