ASTM D2104-99e1
(Specification)Standard Specification for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe, Schedule 40
Standard Specification for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe, Schedule 40
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers polyethylene (PE) pipe made in Schedule 40 size for use with insert fittings (inside diameter controlled) and pressure-rated for water (see Appendix). Included are criteria for classifying PE plastic pipe materials and PE plastic pipe, a system of nomenclature for PE plastic pipe, and requirements and test methods for materials, workmanship, dimensions, sustained pressure, burst pressure, and environmental stress cracking. Requirements for marking are also given.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 7, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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e1
Designation: D 2104 – 99 An American National Standard
Standard Specification for
Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe, Schedule 40
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2104; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
e NOTE—Changes were made editorially in October 1999.
1. Scope D 1603 Test Method for Carbon Black in Olefin Plastics
D 2122 Test Method for Determining Dimensions of Ther-
1.1 This specification covers polyethylene (PE) pipe made
moplastic Pipe and Fittings
in Schedule 40 size for use with insert fittings (inside diameter
D 2837 Test Method for Obtaining Hydrostatic Design
controlled) and pressure-rated for water (see Appendix). In-
Basis for Thermoplastic Pipe Materials
cluded are criteria for classifying PE plastic pipe materials and
D 3350 Specification for Polyethylene Plastics Pipe and
PE plastic pipe, a system of nomenclature for PE plastic pipe,
Fittings Materials
and requirements and test methods for materials, workmanship,
F 412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems
dimensions, sustained pressure, burst pressure, and environ-
2.2 NSF Standard:
mental stress cracking. Requirements for marking are also
Standard No. 14 Plastic Piping Components and Related
given.
Materials
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
Standard No. 61 for Drinking Water Systems
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
Components—Health Effects
information only.
1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the
3. Terminology
test methods portion, Section 7, of this specification: This
3.1 Definitions—are in accordance with Terminology F 412,
standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,
and abbreviations are in accordance with Terminology D 1600,
if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user
unless otherwise specified. The abbreviation for polyethylene
of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health
plastic is PE.
practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-
3.1.1 hydrostatic design stress—the estimated maximum
tions prior to use.
tensile stress in the wall of the pipe in the circumferential
2. Referenced Documents orientation due to internal hydrostatic water pressure that can
be applied continuously with a high degree of certainty that
2.1 ASTM Standards:
failure of the pipe will not occur.
D 618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics and Electrical
3.1.2 pressure rating (PR)—the estimated maximum pres-
Insulating Materials for Testing
sure that water in the pipe can exert continuously with a high
D 1238 Test Method for Flow Rates of Thermoplastics by
degree of certainty that failure of the pipe will not occur.
Extrusion Plastometer
3.1.3 relation between dimensions, hydrostatic design
D 1248 Specification for Polyethylene Plastics Molding and
stress, and pressure rating—the following expression, com-
Extrusion Materials
monly known as the ISO equation, is used in this specification
D 1505 Test Method for Density of Plastics by the Density-
to relate dimensions, hydrostatic design stress, and pressure
Gradient Technique
rating:
D 1598 Test Method for Time-to-Failure of Plastic Pipe
Under Constant Internal Pressure 2S/P 5 ~ D /t! 1 1 (1)
i
D 1599 Test Method for Short-Time Hydraulic Failure Pres-
3 where:
sure of Plastic Pipe, Tubing, and Fittings
S 5 hydrostatic design stress, psi (or MPa) (or bar),
D 1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to
P 5 pressure rating, psi (or MPa) (or bar),
Plastics
D 5 average inside diameter, in. (or mm), and
i
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F-17 on Plastic
Piping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.26 on Olefin
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.03.
Based Pipe.
Current edition approved April 10, 1999. Published July 1999. Originally Available from the National Sanitation Foundation, P.O. Box 1468, Ann Arbor,
published as D 2104 – 62. Last previous edition D 2104 – 96. MI 48106.
2 6
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01. ISO R 161-1960, Pipes of Plastics Materials for the Transport of Fluids
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.04. (Outside Diameters and Nominal Pressures) Part 1, Metric Series.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 2104
6. Requirements
t 5 minimum wall thickness, in. (or mm).
3.1.4 standard thermoplastic pipe materials designation 6.1 Workmanship—The pipe shall be homogeneous
code—the pipe materials designation code shall consist of the throughout and free from visible cracks, holes, foreign inclu-
abbreviation PE for the type of plastic, followed by the ASTM sions, or other defects. The pipe shall be as uniform as
grade in Arabic numerals and the hydrostatic design stress in commercially practicable in color, opacity, density, and other
units of 100 psi with any decimal figures dropped. Where the physical properties.
hydrostatic design stress code contains less than two figures, a 6.2 Dimensions and Tolerances—All dimensions shall be
cipher shall be used before the number. Thus a complete measured in accordance with Test Method D 2122 using an
material code shall consist of two letters and four figures for PE acceptable length of pipe.
plastic pipe materials (see Section 5). 6.2.1 Inside Diameters—Classify the pipe as roundable or
nonroundable as defined in Test Method D 2122, and deter-
4. Pipe Classification
mine the inside diameter of the pipe accordingly. The inside
diameters and tolerances shall be as shown in Table 1.
4.1 General—This specification covers PE pipe made from
five PE plastic pipe materials in Schedule 40 size with inside
NOTE 3—Six-inch, inside diameter controlled Schedule 40 pipe meets
diameter controlled.
the dimensional requirements of roundable pipe, and most polyethylenes
used to make inside diameter controlled Schedule 40 pipe meet the tensile
requirements for roundable pipe.
5. Materials
6.2.2 Wall Thicknesses—The wall thicknesses and toler-
5.1 General—Polyethylene plastics used to make pipe
ances shall be as shown in Table 2 when measured at both ends
meeting the requirements of this specification are categorized
of the pipe to the nearest 0.001 in. (0.02 mm), in accordance
by means of two criteria, namely, (1) short-term strength tests,
with Test Method D 2122.
and (2) long-term strength tests.
6.2.3 Eccentricity—The eccentricity or wall thickness
NOTE 1—The PE pipe intended for use in the transport of potable water
ranges, E, of the inside and outside circumferences of the pipe
is capable of being evaluated and certified as safe for this purpose by a
shall be within 12 %.
testing agency acceptable to the local health authority. The evaluation
6.2.4 Thickness of Outer Layer—For pipe produced by
shall be in accordance with requirements for chemical extraction, taste,
simultaneous multiple extrusion, that is, pipe containing two or
and odor that are no less restrictive than those included in NSF Standard
more concentric layers, the outer layer shall be at least 0.020
No. 14. The seal or mark of the laboratory making the evaluation shall be
included on the pipe. in. (0.52 mm) thick.
6.3 Bond—For pipe produced by simultaneous multiple
5.2 Basic Materials—This specification covers PE pipe
extrusion, the bond between the layers shall be strong and
made from four PE plastics as defined in Specification D 1248,
uniform. It shall not be possible to separate any two layers with
in which the requirements are based on short-term tests. These
a probe or point of a knife blade so that the layers separate
are Grade P 14, Grade P 23, Grade P 24, Grade P 33, and
cleanly at any point.
Grade P 34. The PE plastics are capable of being described
6.4 Carbon Black—The polyethylene pipe extrusion com-
according to the appropriate cell classification in accordance
pound shall contain at least 2 % carbon black when tested in
with Specification D 3350. The 80°C sustained pressure per-
accordance with Test Method D 1603. For pipe produced by
formance requirements of 6.9 (pipe test category in Table 5) are
simultaneous multiple extrusion, this requirement shall apply
not currently in PE material Specifications D 1248 or D 3350.
to the outer layer.
To identify the correct pipe test category (C1 to C7), the PE
material base resin density and melt index must be obtained
TABLE 1 Inside Diameters and Tolerances for PE Plastic Pipe,
from the PE material supplier. Schedule 40, in.(mm)
Nominal Average Inside
Tolerances
NOTE 2—Committee F-17 has requested that Committee D-20 add the
Pipe Size Diameter
80°C sustained pressure performance requirements to Specifications
⁄2 0.622(15.80) +0.010(+0.25)
D 1248 and D 3350.
−0.010(−0.25)
⁄4 0.824(20.93) +0.010(+0.25)
5.3 Hydrostatic Design Stresses—This specification covers
−0.015(−0.38)
PE pipe made from three PE plastics as defined by hydrostatic
1 1.049(26.64) +0.010(+0.25)
design stresses developed on the basis of long-term tests −0.020(−0.51)
1 ⁄4 1.380(35.05) +0.010(+0.25)
(appendix).
−0.020(−0.51)
5.4 Compound—The PE plastic extrusion compound shall 1
1 ⁄2 1.610(40.89) +0.015(+0.38)
−0.020(−0.51)
meet the requirements of either Grade P 14, Class C; Grade
2 2.067(52.50) +0.015(+0.38)
P 23, Class C; Grade P 24, Class C; Grade P 33, Class C; or
−0.020(−0.51)
Grade P 34, Class C material as described in Specification 1
2 ⁄2 2.469(62.71) +0.015(+0.38)
−0.025(−0.64)
D 1248, or the comparable cell classification in accordance
3 3.068(77.93) +0.015(+0.38)
with Specification D 3350.
−0.030(−0.76)
5.5 Rework Material—Clean, rework material, generated 4 4.026(102.26) +0.015(+0.38)
−0.035(−0.89)
from the manufacturer’s own pipe production, is capable of
6 6.065(154.05) +0.020(+0.51)
being used by the same manufacturer, as long as the pipe
−0.035(−0.89)
produced meets all the requirements of this specification.
D 2104
TABLE 2 Wall Thicknesses and Tolerances for PE Plastic Pipe,
6.7 Burst Pressure—The minimum burst pressure for PE
Schedule 40, in.(mm)
plastic pipe shall be as given in Table 5 and Table 6, when
A
Wall Thickness
determined in accordance with 7.8.
Nominal
Pipe Size B
Minimum Tolerance
6.8 Environmental Stress Cracking— There shall be no loss
1 of pressure in the pipe when tested in accordance with 7.7.
⁄2 0.109(2.77) +0.020(+0.51)
⁄4 0.113(2.87) +0.020(+0.51)
6.9 Elevated Temperature Sustained Pressure—The average
1 0.133(3.38) +0.020(+0.51)
failure time must meet or exceed the specified minimum
1 0.140(3.56) +0.020(+0.51)
average failure time in Table 7 for both hoop stresses of a given
1 ⁄2 0.145(3.68) +0.020(+0.51)
2 0.154(3.91) +0.020(+0.51)
pipe test category when tested in accordance with 7.7.
2 ⁄2 0.203(5.16) +0.024(+0.61)
3 0.216(5.49) +0.026(+0.66)
7. Test Methods
4 0.237(6.02) +0.028(+0.71)
6 0.280(7.11) +0.034(+0.86) 7.1 Conditioning—Condition the test specimens at 23 6
A
2°C (73.4 6 3.6°F) and 50 6 5 % relative humidity for not less
The minimum is the lowest wall thickness of the pipe at any cross section. The
maximum permitted wall thickness, at any cross section, is the minimum wall
than 40 h prior to test in accordance with Procedure A of
thickness plus the stated tolerance. All tolerances are on the plus side of the
Practice D 618 for those tests where conditioning is required.
minimum requirement.
B
This is limited by the eccentricity requirements, see 6.2.3. 7.2 Test Conditions—Conduct tests in the standard labora-
tory atmosphere of 23 6 2°C (73.4 6 3.6°F) and 50 6 5%
relative humidity, unless otherwise specified in the test meth-
NOTE 4—There is evidence that type, particle size, and dispersion
ods or in this specification.
quality of the carbon black affects the weatherability of the pipe. The
7.3 Sampling—The selection of the sample or samples of
problem is being investigated and when reliable test methods are
pipe shall be as agreed upon by the purchaser and the seller. In
developed, requirements for weatherability, or other suitable requirements
to cover this property, will be included in a revision of this specification. case of no prior agreement, any sample selected by the testing
laboratory shall be deemed adequate.
6.5 Density—The polyethylene base resin (uncolored PE) in
7.3.1 Test Specimens—Not less than 50 % of the test speci-
the pipe compound shall have a density in the range from 0.910
mens required for any pressure test shall have at least a part of
to 0.925 g/cm for pipe made from Grade P 14 of Specification
the marking in their central sections. The central section is that
D 1248, 0.926 to 0.940 g/cm for pipe made from Grade P 23
portion of pipe which is at least one pipe diameter away from
and Grade P 24 of Specification D 1248, 0.941 to 0.965 g/cm
an end closure.
for pipe made from Grade P 33 of Specification D 1248, and
7.4 Density—Determine the density of the pipe compound
0.941 to 0.965 g/cm for pipe made from Grade P 34 of
in accordance with Test Method D 1505, using three speci-
Specification D 1248, when determined in accordance with 7.4.
mens. Determine the percentage of carbon black by weight in
6.6 Sustained Pressure—The pipe shall not fail, balloon,
accordance with 6.4. Calculate the density of the PE base resin
burst, or weep as defined in Test Method D 1598, at the test
(uncolored PE) in the pipe compound as follows:
pressures given in Table 3 and Table 4, when tested in
accordance with 7.5. D 5 D 2 0.0044C (2)
R P
TABLE 3 Sustained Pressure Test Conditions for Water for PE Plastic Pipe Schedule 40 (MPa (bar))
A
Pressure Required for Test, MPa (bar)
At 37.8°C (100°F) At 23°C (73.4°F)
Nominal Pipe Size,
PE2306 PE2306
in.
PE2406 PE2406
PE2305 PE1404 PE2305 PE1404
PE3306 PE3306
PE3406 PE3406
⁄2 2.21(22.1) 1.72(17.2) 1.17(11.7) 2.69(26.9) 2.14(21.4) 1.65(16.5)
⁄4 1.79(17.9) 1.45(14.5) 0.97(9.7) 2.21(22.1) 1.72(17.2) 1.38(13.8)
1 1.65(16.5) 1.31(13.1) 0.90(9.0) 2.07(20.7) 1.65(16.5) 1.24(12.4)
1 ⁄4 1.38(13.8) 1.10(11.0) 0.69(6.9) 1.65(16.5) 1.31(13.1) 1.03(10.3)
1 ⁄2 1.24(12.4) 0.97(9.7) 0.62(6.2) 1.52(15.2) 1.17(11.7) 0.97(9.7)
2 1.03(10.3) 0.83(8.3) 0.55(5.5) 1.24(12.4) 1.03(10.3) 0.76(7.6)
2 ⁄2 1.10(11.0) 0.90(9.0) 0.62(6.2) 1.38(13.8) 1.10(11.0) 0.83(8.3)
3 0.97(9.7) 0.76(7.6) 0.48(4.8) 1.17(11.7) 0.97(9.7) 0.76(7.6)
4 0.83(8.3) 0.62(6.2) 0.41(4.1) 1.03(10.3) 0.83(8.3) 0.62(6.2)
6 0.62(6.2) 0.55(5.5) 0.34(3.4) 0.83(8.3) 0.62(6.2) 0.48(4.8)
A
The fiber stresses used to derive these test pressures are as follows:
At 37.8°C (100°F):
PE2306, PE2406, PE3
...
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