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ASTM D5958-99(2020)

(Practice)

Standard Practices for Preparation of Oil-Based Ink Resin Solutions

Standard Practices for Preparation of Oil-Based Ink Resin Solutions

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 These practices provide means of preparing small quantities of resin solution (in some procedures in an inert gas atmosphere using uniform, controlled heating).  
5.2 This practice provides quick ways to prepare a resin solution for quality control testing during the manufacture of resin solutions and vehicles. Samples can usually be prepared in approximately 30 to 45 minutes or less.  
5.3 These practices can be used to prepare commonly specified ink test solutions such as 33.3 % resin in alkali refined linseed oil, and 50 % resin in heat-set ink solvent (that is, C12 to C16 hydrocarbon petroleum distillate with initial boiling point (IBP) about 470°F).
SCOPE
1.1 These practices describe laboratory procedures for preparing an oil-based ink resin solution in a high-boiling solvent using four pieces of lab equipment:
(1) A hot oil bath (Sections 4 to 11),
(2) A stirrer/hot plate (Sections 12 to 16),
(3) An industrial blender (Sections 17 to 22), and
(4) A hot air gun (Sections 23 to 27).
ASTM Subcommittee D01.37 recommends using the hot oil bath procedure (Practice D5597) where possible.  
1.2 These practices use laboratory equipment generally available in a normal, well-equipped laboratory.  
1.3 One or several of these practices allows for rapid resin solution preparation (under 30 min, typical), can regulate the maximum temperature, can be done under an inert atmosphere, and can prevent the random solvent loss during preparation.  
1.4 These procedures are for use with ink resins intended mainly for oil-based offset and letterpress inks. The type of resins are typically, but not limited to C9 aromatic hydrocarbon resins, modified dicyclopentadiene resins, rosin pentaerythritol or glycerine esters, phenolic modified rosin esters, maleic anhydride modified rosin esters, and naturally occurring resins such as gilsonite.  
1.5 The typical high boiling solvents to be used include C12 to C16 petroleum distillates, 2,2,4 trimethyl 1,3-pentanediol di-isobutyrate,2 alkali refined linseed oil, tridecyl alcohol, or combinations of the above.  
1.6 To avoid fire or injury, or both, to the operator, these practices should not be used with low flash point solvents such as toluene or xylene. The minimum flash point of the solvents used should be 60°C (140°F) as determined by Test Method D56. (Warning—Users of this practice should be aware that the flash point of many solvents used for this test (as defined in Test Methods D56 and D1310) is exceeded in the heating cycle of this test method. Take safety precautions since there is the potential for vapor ignition. Do the methods outlined in a shielded exhaust hood, where there is access to a fire extinguisher if needed.)  
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statement see 25.11.  
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-May-2020
ICS
87.080 - Inks. Printing inks
Technical Committee
D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
Drafting Committee
D01.37 - Ink Vehicles
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Refers
ASTM D5062-09(2020) - Standard Test Method for Resin Solution Dilutability by Volumetric/Gravimetric Determination
Effective Date
01-Jun-2020

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ASTM D5958-99(2020) - Standard Practices for Preparation of Oil-Based Ink Resin SolutionsASTM D5958-99(2020) - Standard Practices for Preparation of Oil-Based Ink Resin Solutions
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ASTM D5958-99(2020) - Standard Practices for Preparation of Oil-Based Ink Resin Solutions
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D5958 − 99 (Reapproved 2020)
Standard Practices for
1
Preparation of Oil-Based Ink Resin Solutions
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5958; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D56.(Warning—Users of this practice should be aware that
the flash point of many solvents used for this test (as defined in
1.1 These practices describe laboratory procedures for pre-
TestMethodsD56andD1310)isexceededintheheatingcycle
paring an oil-based ink resin solution in a high-boiling solvent
of this test method. Take safety precautions since there is the
using four pieces of lab equipment:
potential for vapor ignition. Do the methods outlined in a
(1) A hot oil bath (Sections 4 to 11),
shielded exhaust hood, where there is access to a fire extin-
(2) A stirrer/hot plate (Sections 12 to 16),
guisher if needed.)
(3) An industrial blender (Sections 17 to 22), and
(4) A hot air gun (Sections 23 to 27). 1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
ASTM Subcommittee D01.37 recommends using the hot oil standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
bath procedure (Practice D5597) where possible. only.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the
1.2 These practices use laboratory equipment generally
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
available in a normal, well-equipped laboratory.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
1.3 One or several of these practices allows for rapid resin
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
solution preparation (under 30 min, typical), can regulate the
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
maximum temperature, can be done under an inert atmosphere,
For specific hazard statement see 25.11.
and can prevent the random solvent loss during preparation.
1.9 This international standard was developed in accor-
1.4 These procedures are for use with ink resins intended
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
mainly for oil-based offset and letterpress inks. The type of
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
resins are typically, but not limited to C aromatic hydrocarbon
9 Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
resins, modified dicyclopentadiene resins, rosin pentaerythritol
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
or glycerine esters, phenolic modified rosin esters, maleic
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
anhydride modified rosin esters, and naturally occurring resins
such as gilsonite.
2. Referenced Documents
3
1.5 The typical high boiling solvents to be used include C 2.1 ASTM Standards:
12
to C petroleum distillates, 2,2,4 trimethyl 1,3-pentanediol D56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup Tester
16
2
di-isobutyrate, alkali refined linseed oil, tridecyl alcohol, or D1310 TestMethodforFlashPointandFirePointofLiquids
combinations of the above. by Tag Open-Cup Apparatus
D1725 Practice for Preparing Resin Solutions for Viscosity
1.6 To avoid fire or injury, or both, to the operator, these
Measurement by Bubble Time Method
practices should not be used with low flash point solvents such
D5062 Test Method for Resin Solution Dilutability by
as toluene or xylene. The minimum flash point of the solvents
Volumetric/Gravimetric Determination
used should be 60°C (140°F) as determined by Test Method
D5597 Practice for Preparation of Oil-Based Ink Resin
4
Solutions Using a Hot Oil Bath (Withdrawn 1999)
1
These practices are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and are the direct responsibility
E230 Specification for Temperature-Electromotive Force
of Subcommittee D01.37 on Ink Vehicles.
(emf) Tables for Standardized Thermocouples
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2020.PublishedJuly2020.Originallyapproved
ɛ1
in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D5958 – 99 (2012) . DOI:
10.1520/D5958-99R20.
2 3
The sole source of supply of the plasticizer TXIB known to the committee at For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
this time is Eastman Chemical Company, / Texas E. M. Division, P.O. Box 7444, contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Longview,TX 75607-7444. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide Standards v
...

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SCOPE
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
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SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover three approaches for determining yield stress values of paints, inks and related liquid materials using rotational viscometers. The first method uses a rotational viscometer with coaxial cylinder, cone/plate, or plate/plate geometry. The second method uses a rheometer operating in controlled stress mode with similar geometries. The third method uses a viscometer with a vane spindle.  
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ASTM D7867-13(2020)(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Measurement of the Rotational Viscosity of Paints, Inks and Related Liquid Materials as a Function of Temperature

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The viscosity of paint, inks and many related liquid materials is dependent on temperature. It is useful to know the extent of this dependence. One use of such information is to prepare a viscosity-temperature table or curve. Then, if ambient conditions do not allow the measurement of viscosity at the exact temperature stated in a specification or regulation, the viscosity measured at ambient temperature can be used to determine the viscosity at the temperature of interest through the use of the previously prepared table or curve. Viscosity measurements that cover a range of shear rates as well as temperatures could include shear rates associated with paint application or allow extrapolation to such shear rates. This information would enable a producer or user to estimate the effect on application of heating the paint.
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Standard Practice for Preparing Prints of Paste Printing Inks with a Printing Gage

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Laboratory proofing of inks is necessary to establish a reproducible prediction of print appearance and performance properties, most of which are highly sensitive to ink film thickness. The apparatus described in this practice has found wide use for routine control proofing because it provides an economical method for producing reasonably large prints at film thicknesses comparable to those obtained on production presses.
FIG. 1 Schematic Diagram of Printing Gages (not drawn to scale)  
4.2 A unique advantage of printing gages is that, depending on the design selected, prints can be produced at a range of tapered film thicknesses or at several levels of uniform thicknesses in a single proofing. Because of the built-in film thickness control, ink metering is not necessary. Relatively small quantities of test samples are used, and less than two minutes are required to ink a gage, pull a letterpress print, and clean up. In addition, problems due to ink distribution systems are eliminated, two inks may be proofed at the same time, and multi-color printing is possible.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the procedure for preparing laboratory prints of paste inks using a printing gage in conjunction with a flat-bed proof press.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes the procedure for preparing laboratory prints of paste printing inks using a motor-driven printability tester.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The setting speed of heatset printing inks is important because it influences the efficiency of the drying process. This test method provides a means for comparing the setting of a heatset ink directly against a standard at the same conditions of temperature and exposure time. While the method does not determine the setting speed of an ink on a production press, it is useful for specification acceptance between the supplier and the customer.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the procedure for determining the relative setting speed of heatset inks using a tester consisting of a forced hot air oven and print delivery system.  
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1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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Standard Test Method for Drying Time of Oxidative-Drying Printing Inks by Squalene Resistance

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Inadequate setting or drying of sheetfed inks, or both, can cause blocking of stacked prints with subsequent loss of product. “Setting” of an ink refers to the rapid rise in viscosity of the printed ink film, sometimes accompanied by surface drying, that prevents transference of the undried ink film to adjacent surfaces under light pressure. “Setting” is a property of the ink-substrate combination. Inadequate drying may be due to several factors, but the primary causes are: (1) omission of metallic driers from the ink, improper ink formulation (2) unusual ink-substrate interactions, and (3) use of a fountain solution that is too acidic. If the test prints are made on a standard laboratory proof press, where there is no application of fountain solution, then only the first three possible causes can be evaluated. If the prints have been made on a commercial production printing press or some other acceptable means of introducing the fountain solution into the ink agreed upon, then the effect of fountain solution can be determined. It will often be necessary to run several tests to isolate the specific cause of a drying problem.  
5.2 This test method is suitable for most combinations of oxidative drying inks and substrates. Because this test method relies on a visual assessment of the extent of drying, very light colors and clear varnishes may present difficulties in quantifying the extent of drying. In such cases, the supplier and the customer should agree upon an alternative method of assessing the drying properties of the ink.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the procedure for determining the drying time of oxidative-drying printing inks (also referred to as “sheetfed inks”) by squalene resistance of printed ink films.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to all paste inks that dry primarily by oxidation regardless of the substrate on which they are printed. With appropriate changes in the test fluid, it may also be used with paste inks that dry by other mechanisms, such as heatset or ultraviolet light.  
1.3 This test method utilizes a modified rub tester and is intended to serve as a “referee” procedure when laboratories, using less rigorous test procedures (see Appendix X1), cannot agree on their results.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D4713-12(2020)(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Nonvolatile Content of Heatset and Liquid Printing Ink Systems

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Nonvolatile content of printing inks is useful for specification acceptance between the producer and the user.  
4.2 In order to obtain accurate results for heatset systems within the specified 3-h heating time, the specimen film thickness must be less than 100 g/m2, and the oven must have forced ventilation. Thickness of the specimen film is less critical for liquid ink systems.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of weight content of nonvolatile matter in two types of printing inks.  
1.2 Test Method A is applicable to heatset-type printing inks and resin solutions; solvents in such systems typically have initial boiling points in the range from 240 to 275°C (470 to 535°F) and vapor pressures less than 0.2 mm Hg.  
1.3 Test Method B is applicable to liquid-type printing inks and vehicles based on aqueous or organic solvents that evaporate readily at ordinary room temperatures.
Note 1: Test Method A (for heatset systems) specifies a specimen film thickness that is much thinner than those produced by related test methods; one exception is Test Method B in Test Methods D1259, which is recommended as a referee test.
Note 2: Test Method B (for liquid ink systems) is similar to Test Method D2369 except that a solvent is not required for spreading the test specimen.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D4942-20(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Water Pickup of Lithographic Printing Inks and Vehicles in a Laboratory Mixer

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The lithographic printing process requires that some dampening solution be emulsified into the ink. These test methods provide a rapid means for determining water pickup under laboratory conditions. Test results may be useful for specification acceptance between the supplier and the customer.  
3.2 In order that results be comparable, the tests must be run at the same temperature and with the same type and quantity of liquid added prior to mixing.  
3.3 The emulsions obtained in these test methods are of larger particle size than those typically produced in printing nips. Because of these and other variables in the printing process, water pickup results do not by themselves predict lithographic printing performance.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover two procedures for determining the amount of water picked up by lithographic printing inks in a laboratory mixer.  
1.2 Test Method A covers single-point water pickup; Test Method B covers the rate of water pickup. Both test methods are applicable to any printing ink and vehicle intended for the lithographic printing process.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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