ASTM D2239-99
(Specification)Standard Specification for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe (SIDR-PR) Based on Controlled Inside Diameter
Standard Specification for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe (SIDR-PR) Based on Controlled Inside Diameter
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers polyethylene (PE) pipe made in standard thermoplastic pipe dimension ratios and pressure rated for water (see appendix). Included are criteria for classifying PE plastic pipe materials and PE plastic pipe, a system of nomenclature for PE plastic pipe, and requirements and test methods for materials, workmanship, dimensions, sustained pressure, burst pressure, and environmental stress cracking. Methods of marking are also given.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 The text of this specification references notes, footnotes, and appendixes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the specification.
1.4 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 7, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
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Designation: D 2239 – 99 An American National Standard
Standard Specification for
Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe (SIDR-PR) Based on
Controlled Inside Diameter
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2239; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope Under Constant Internal Pressure
D 1599 Test Method for Short-Time Hydraulic Failure Pres-
1.1 This specification covers polyethylene (PE) pipe made
sure of Plastic Pipe, Tubing, and Fittings
in standard thermoplastic pipe dimension ratios and pressure
D 1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to
rated for water (see appendix). Included are criteria for
Plastics
classifying PE plastic pipe materials and PE plastic pipe, a
D 1603 Test Method for Carbon Black in Olefin Plastics
system of nomenclature for PE plastic pipe, and requirements
D 2122 Test Method for Determining Dimensions of Ther-
and test methods for materials, workmanship, dimensions,
moplastic Pipe and Fittings
sustained pressure, burst pressure, and environmental stress
D 2837 Test Method for Obtaining Hydrostatic Design
cracking. Methods of marking are also given.
Basis for Thermoplastic Pipe Materials
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
D 3350 Specification for Polyethylene Plastics Pipe and
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
Fittings Materials
only.
F 412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems
1.3 The text of this specification references notes, footnotes,
2.2 NSF Standards:
and appendixes which provide explanatory material. These
Standard No. 14 for Plastic Piping Components and Related
notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall
Materials
not be considered as requirements of the specification.
Standard No. 61 for Drinking Water Systems
1.4 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the
Components—Health Effects
test methods portion, Section 7, of this specification: This
standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,
3. Terminology
if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user
3.1 Definitions—Definitions are in accordance with Termi-
of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health
nology F 412, and abbreviations are in accordance with Ter-
practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-
minology D 1600, unless otherwise specified. The abbreviation
tions prior to use.
for polyethylene plastic is PE.
2. Referenced Documents 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 hydrostatic design stress—the estimated maximum
2.1 ASTM Standards:
tensile stress the material is capable of withstanding continu-
D 618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
ously with a high degree of certainty that failure of the pipe
D 792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Rela-
will not occur. This stress is circumferential when internal
tive Density) of Plastics by Displacement
hydrostatic water pressure is applied.
D 1238 Test Method for Flow Rates of Thermoplastics by
3.2.2 pressure rating (PR)—the estimated maximum water
Extrusion Plastometer
pressure the pipe is capable of withstanding continuously with
D 1248 Specification for Polyethylene Plastics Molding and
a high degree of certainty that failure of the pipe will not occur.
Extrusion Materials
3.2.3 relation between standard dimension ratio, hydro-
D 1505 Test Method for Density of Plastics by the Density-
static design stress, and pressure rating—the following expres-
Gradient Technique
sion, commonly known as the ISO equation, is used in this
D 1598 Test Method for Time-to-Failure of Plastic Pipe
1 3
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F-17 on Plastic Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.04.
Piping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.26 on Olefin Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.02.
Based Pipe. Available from the National Sanitation Foundation, P.O. Box 1468, Ann Arbor,
Current edition approved April 10, 1999. Published July 1999. Originally MI 48106.
published as D 2239 – 64. Last previous edition D 2239 – 96a. ISO R 161–1960, Pipes of Plastics Materials for the Transport of Fluids
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01. (Outside Diameters and Nominal Pressures) Part 1, Metric Series.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 2239
specification to relate standard dimension ratio, hydrostatic dimension ratios, namely, 5.3, 7, 9, 11.5, 15, and 19. These are
design stress, and pressure rating: referred to as SIDR 5.3, SIDR 7, SIDR 9, SIDR 11.5, SIDR 15,
and SIDR 19, respectively. The pressure rating is uniform for
2S/P 5 R 1 1or2S/P 5 ~D /t! 1 1 (1)
i
all nominal pipe sizes for a given PE pipe material and SIDR
where: (see Table X1.1, appendix).
S 5 hydrostatic design stress, MPa (or psi),
5. Materials
P 5 pressure rating, MPa (or psi),
D 5 average inside diameter, mm (or in.),
i 5.1 General—Polyethylene plastics used to make pipe
t 5 minimum wall thickness, mm (or in.), and
meeting the requirements of this specification are categorized
R 5 standard thermoplastic pipe dimension ratio (D /t for
i
by means of two criteria, namely, (1) short-term strength tests,
PE pipe), also known as SIDR.
and (2) long-term strength tests.
3.2.4 standard thermoplastic pipe dimension ratio (SIDR)—
5.2 Basic Materials—This specification covers PE pipe
the ratio of pipe diameter to wall thickness. For PE pipe it is
made from four PE plastics as defined in Specification D 1248,
calculated by dividing the average inside diameter of the pipe
in which the requirements are based on short-term tests. These
in millimetres or in inches by the minimum wall thickness in
are Grade P 14, Grade P 23, Grade P 24, Grade P 33, and
millimetres or in inches. If the wall thickness calculated by this
Grade P 34. The PE plastics can also be described in accor-
formula is less than 1.52 mm (0.060 in.), it shall be arbitrarily
dance with the appropriate cell classification as defined in
increased to 1.52 mm. The SIDR values shall be rounded to the
Specification D 3350. The 80°C sustained pressure perfor-
nearest 0.1.
mance requirements of 6.9 (pipe test category in Table 1) are
3.2.5 standard thermoplastic pipe materials designation
not currently in PE material Specifications D 1248 or D 3350.
code—the pipe materials designation code shall consist of the
To identify the correct pipe test category (C1 to C7), the PE
abbreviation PE for the type of plastic, followed by the ASTM
material base resin density and melt index must be obtained
grade in Arabic numerals and the hydrostatic design stress in
from the PE material supplier.
units of 100 psi with any decimal figures dropped. Where the
NOTE 1—Committee F-17 has requested that Committee D-20 add the
hydrostatic design stress code contains less than two figures, a
80°C sustained pressure performance requirements to Specifications
cipher shall be used before the number. Thus a complete
D 1248 and D 3350.
material code shall consist of two letters and four figures for PE
5.3 Hydrostatic DesignStresses—This specification covers
plastic pipe materials (see Section 5).
PE pipe made from PE plastics as defined by four hydrostatic
4. Pipe Classification
design stresses developed on the basis of long-term tests
4.1 General—This specification covers PE pipe made from (Appendix X1).
four PE plastic pipe materials in six standard dimension ratios 5.4 Compound—The PE plastic extrusion compound shall
and six water pressure ratings. meet the requirements of either Grade P 14, Class B or C;
4.2 Standard Thermoplastic Pipe Dimension Ratios Grade P 23, Class B or C; Grade P 24, Class B or C; Grade
(SIDR)—This specification covers PE pipe in six standard P 33, Class B or C; or Grade P 34, Class B or C material as
A,B
TABLE 1 176°F (80°C) Sustained Pressure Requirements for Water Pipe
D
Base Resin Melt Index, D 1238 Base Resin Density, D 1505 Minimum Average Hours to Failure
C
Pipe Test Category
(g/10 min) (g/cm )
S 5 725 psi (5 MPa) S 5 580 psi (4 MPa) S 5 435 psi (3 MPa)
C1 <0.05 0.941–0.948 100 200 . . .
C2 <0.05 0.935–0.940 100 200 . . .
C3 0.05–0.25 0.941–0.948 60 150 . . .
C4 0.05–0.25 0.935–0.940 60 150 . . .
C5 >0.25 0.941–0.948 45 100 . . .
C6 >0.25 0.935–0.940 45 100 . . .
C7 >0.50 0.926–0.940 . . . 80 150
A
For inside diameter controlled pipe, calculate internal pressure in accordance with the following formula:
2S
P 5
D
i
1 1
t
B
For outside diameter controlled pipe, calculate internal pressure in accordance with the following formula:
2S
P 5
D
o
2 1
t
where:
P 5 pressure, psig (MPa),
S 5 hoop stress, psi (MPa),
D 5 average inside diameter, in. (mm),
i
D 5 average outside diameter, in. (mm), and
o
t 5 minimum wall thickness, in. (mm).
C
Supplier to determine pipe test category appropriate for his product.
D 3 3
Pipe categories for water pipe with resin density below 0.926 g/cm or above 0.948 g/cm will be added to this table when the data are available.
D 2239
described in Specification D 1248. The PE plastics can also be more concentric layers, the outer layer shall be at least
described in accordance with the appropriate cell classification 0.50-mm (0.020-in.) thick.
as defined in Specification D 3350. 6.3 Bond—For pipe produced by simultaneous multiple
5.4.1 Class B compounds shall have sufficient UV stabilizer extrusion, the bond between the layers shall be strong and
to protect pipe from deleterious effects due to continuous uniform. It shall not be possible to separate any two layers with
outdoor exposure during storage and shipping. Pipe produced a probe or point of a knife blade so that the layers separate
from Class B compounds are not suitable for exposed outdoor cleanly at any point.
application. Class B and C compounds shall have sufficient 6.4 Carbon Black—Class C polyethylene pipe extrusion
antioxidants to meet the requirements in Specification D 3350. compound shall contain at least 2 % carbon black when tested
5.4.2 Class C compounds use carbon black for UV stabili- in accordance with 7.4. For pipe produced by simultaneous
zation. There is evidence that indicates the type, particle size, multiple extrusion, this requirement shall apply to the outer
and dispersion quality of the carbon black affect the weather- layer.
ability of the pipe.
NOTE 2—The amount of pigment in Class B polyethylene is not
5.4.3 Pipe users should consult with the pipe manufacturer
established by this specification other than the compound shall meet all
about the outdoor exposure life of the product under consid-
other requirements and the tubing shall meet all long- and short-term
eration. requirements of this specification.
5.5 Rework Material—The manufacturers shall use only
6.5 Density—The polyethylene base resin (uncolored PE) in
their own clean rework pipe material and the pipe produced
the pipe compound shall have a density in the range from 0.910
shall meet all the requirements of this specification.
to 0.925 g/cm for pipe made from Grade P 14 of Specification
D 1248, 0.926 to 0.940 g/cm for pipe made from Grade P 23
6. Requirements
and Grade P 24 of Specification D 1248, 0.941 to 0.965 g/cm
6.1 Workmanship—The pipe shall be homogeneous
for pipe made from Grade P 33 of Specification D 1248, and
throughout and free of visible cracks, holes, foreign inclusions,
0.941 to 0.965 g/cm for pipe made from Grade P 34 of
or other defects. The pipe shall be as uniform as commercially
Specification D 1248 when determined in accordance with 7.5.
practicable in color, opacity, density, and other physical prop-
6.6 Sustained Pressure—The pipe shall not fail, balloon,
erties.
burst, or weep as defined in Test Method D 1598, at the test
6.2 Dimensions and Tolerances:
pressures given in Table 4 when tested in accordance with 7.7.
6.2.1 Inside Diameters—The inside diameters and toler-
6.7 Burst Pressure—The minimum burst pressure for PE
ances shall be as shown in Table 2 when measured in
plastic pipe shall be as given in Table 5, when determined in
accordance with Test Method D 2122.
accordance with 7.10.
6.2.2 Wall Thicknesses—The wall thicknesses and toler-
6.8 Environmental Stress Cracking— There shall be no loss
ances shall be as shown in Table 3 when measured in
of pressure in the pipe when tested in accordance with 7.8.
accordance with Test Method D 2122.
6.9 Elevated Temperature Sustained Pressure—The average
6.2.3 Wall Thickness Range—The wall thickness range shall
failure time must meet or exceed the specified minimum
be within 12 % when measured in accordance with Test
average failure time in Table 1 for both hoop stresses of a given
Method D 2122.
pipe test category when tested in accordance with 7.9.
6.2.4 Thickness of Outer Layer—For pipe produced by
7. Test Methods
simultaneous multiple extrusion, that is, pipe containing two or
7.1 Conditioning—Condition the test specimens at 23 6
TABLE 2 Inside Diameters and Tolerances for SIDR-PR PE
2°C (73.4 6 3.6°F) prior to test in accordance with Procedure
Plastic Pipe, in.
A of Practice D 618, for those tests where conditioning is
required.
Nominal Pipe Average Inside
Tolerances
Size Diameter
7.2 Test Conditions—Conduct the tests in the standard
laboratory atmosphere of 23 6 2°C (73.4 6 3.6°F), unless
⁄2 0.622 +0.010
−0.010
otherwise specified in the test methods or in this specification.
⁄4 0.824 +0.010
7.3 Sampling—The selection of the sample or samples of
−0.015
1 1.049 +0.010 pipe shall be as agreed upon by the purchaser and the seller. In
−0.020
case of no prior agreement, any sample selected by the testing
1 ⁄4 1.380 +0.010
laboratory shall be deemed adequate.
−0.020
1 ⁄2 1.610 +0.015 7.3.1 Test Specimens—Not less than 50 % of the test speci-
−0.020
mens required for any pressure test shall have at least a part of
2 2.067 +0.015
the marking in their central sections. The central section is that
−0.020
portion of pipe which is at least one pipe diameter away from
2 ⁄2 2.469 +0.015
−0.025
an end closure.
3 3.068 +0.015
7.4 Carbon Black—For all pipe manufactured with Class C
−0.030
4 4.026 +0.015 extrusion compound, or the outer layer of pipe produced by
−0.035
simultaneous multiple extrusion, determine in duplicate the
6 6.065 +0.020
carbon black content in accordance with Test Method D 1603.
−0.035
7.5 Density—Determine the density of the pipe compound
---------------------- Pa
...
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