ASTM D6030-15
(Guide)Standard Guide for Selection of Methods for Assessing Groundwater or Aquifer Sensitivity and Vulnerability (Withdrawn 2024)
Standard Guide for Selection of Methods for Assessing Groundwater or Aquifer Sensitivity and Vulnerability (Withdrawn 2024)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Sensitivity and vulnerability methods can be applied to a variety of hydrogeologic settings, whether or not they contain specifically identified aquifers. However, some methods are best suited to assess groundwater within aquifers, while others assess groundwater above aquifers or groundwater in areas where aquifers have not been identified.
4.1.1 Intergranular media systems, including alluvium and terrace deposits, valley fill aquifers, glacial outwash, sandstones, and unconsolidated coastal plain sediments are characterized by intergranular flow, and thus generally exhibit slower and more predictable groundwater velocities and directions than in fractured media. Such settings are amenable to assessment by the methods described in this guide. Hydrologic settings dominated by fracture flow or flow in solution openings are generally not amenable to such assessments, and application of these techniques to such settings may provide misleading or totally erroneous results.
4.2 The methods discussed in this guide provide users with information for making land- and water-use management decisions based on the relative sensitivity or vulnerability of underlying groundwater or aquifers to contamination. Most sensitivity and vulnerability assessment methods are designed to evaluate broad regional areas for purposes of assisting federal, state, and local officials to identify and prioritize areas where more detailed assessments are warranted, to design and locate monitoring systems, and to help develop optimum groundwater management, use and protection policies. However, some of these methods are independent of the size of the area evaluated and, therefore, can be used to evaluate the aquifer sensitivity and vulnerability of a specific area.
4.3 Many methods for assessing groundwater sensitivity and vulnerability require information on soils, and for some types of potential groundwater contaminants, soil is the most important factor affecting contaminant movement ...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers information needed to select one or more methods for assessing the sensitivity of groundwater or aquifers and the vulnerability of groundwater or aquifers to water-quality degradation by specific contaminants.
1.2 This guide may not be all-inclusive; it offers a series of options and does not specify a course of action. It should not be used as the sole criterion or basis of comparison, and does not replace professional judgment.
1.3 This guide is to be used for evaluating sensitivity and vulnerability methods for purposes of land-use management, water-use management, groundwater protection, government regulation, and education. This guide incorporates descriptions of general classes of methods and selected examples within these classes but does not advocate a particular method.
1.4 Limitations—The utility and reliability of the methods described in this guide depend on the availability, nature, and quality of the data used for the assessment; the skill, knowledge, and judgment of the individuals selecting the method; the size of the site or region under investigation; and the intended scale of resulting map products. Because these methods are being continually developed and modified, the results should be used with caution. These techniques, whether or not they provide a specific numeric value, provide a relative ranking and assessment of sensitivity or vulnerability. However, a relatively low sensitivity or vulnerability for an area does not preclude the possibility of contamination, nor does a high sensitivity or vulnerability necessarily mean that groundwater or an aquifer is contaminated.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.6 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026.
1.6.1 The procedures used to...
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D6030 − 15
Standard Guide for
Selection of Methods for Assessing Groundwater or Aquifer
1
Sensitivity and Vulnerability
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6030; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 1.6.1 Theproceduresusedtospecifyhowdataarecollected/
recorded or calculated, in this standard are regarded as the
1.1 This guide covers information needed to select one or
industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the
more methods for assessing the sensitivity of groundwater or
significant digits that generally should be retained. The proce-
aquifers and the vulnerability of groundwater or aquifers to
dures used do not consider material variation, purpose for
water-quality degradation by specific contaminants.
obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any consider-
1.2 This guide may not be all-inclusive; it offers a series of
ations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to
optionsanddoesnotspecifyacourseofaction.Itshouldnotbe
increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be
used as the sole criterion or basis of comparison, and does not
commensuratewiththeseconsiderations.Itisbeyondthescope
replace professional judgment.
of this standard to consider significant digits used in analytical
1.3 This guide is to be used for evaluating sensitivity and methods for engineering design.
vulnerability methods for purposes of land-use management,
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
water-use management, groundwater protection, government
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
regulation, and education.This guide incorporates descriptions
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
of general classes of methods and selected examples within
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
these classes but does not advocate a particular method.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.8 This guide offers an organized collection of information
1.4 Limitations—The utility and reliability of the methods
or a series of options and does not recommend a specific
described in this guide depend on the availability, nature, and
course of action. This document cannot replace education or
quality of the data used for the assessment; the skill,
experience and should be used in conjunction with professional
knowledge, and judgment of the individuals selecting the
judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all
method; the size of the site or region under investigation; and
circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to repre-
the intended scale of resulting map products. Because these
sent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of
methods are being continually developed and modified, the
a given professional service must be judged, nor should this
results should be used with caution.These techniques, whether
document be applied without consideration of a project’s many
or not they provide a specific numeric value, provide a relative
unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this
ranking and assessment of sensitivity or vulnerability.
document means only that the document has been approved
However, a relatively low sensitivity or vulnerability for an
through the ASTM consensus process.
area does not preclude the possibility of contamination, nor
does a high sensitivity or vulnerability necessarily mean that
2. Referenced Documents
groundwater or an aquifer is contaminated.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
Fluids
standard.
D5447 Guide forApplication of a Groundwater Flow Model
1.6 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the
to a Site-Specific Problem
guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in
D5490 Guide for Comparing Groundwater Flow Model
Practice D6026.
Simulations to Site-Specific Information
1
ThisguideisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD18onSoilandRock
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.21 on Groundwater and
2
Vadose Zone Investigations. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2015. Published February 2015. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Bo
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D6030 − 96 (Reapproved 2008) D6030 − 15
Standard Guide for
Selection of Methods for Assessing Groundwater or Aquifer
1
Sensitivity and Vulnerability
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6030; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This guide covers information needed to select one or more methods for assessing the sensitivity of groundwater or aquifers
and the vulnerability of groundwater or aquifers to water-quality degradation by specific contaminants.
1.2 This guide may not be all-inclusive; it offers a series of options and does not specify a course of action. It should not be
used as the sole criterion or basis of comparison, and does not replace professional judgment.
1.3 This guide is to be used for evaluating sensitivity and vulnerability methods for purposes of land-use management,
water-use management, groundwater protection, government regulation, and education. This guide incorporates descriptions of
general classes of methods and selected examples within these classes but does not advocate anya particular method.
1.4 Limitations—The utility and reliability of the methods described in this guide depend on the availability, nature, and quality
of the data used for the assessment; the skill, knowledge, and judgment of the individuals selecting the method; the size of the site
or region under investigation; and the intended scale of resulting map products. Because these methods are being continually
developed and modified, the results should be used with caution. These techniques, whether or not they provide a specific numeric
value, provide a relative ranking and assessment of sensitivity or vulnerability. However, a relatively low sensitivity or
vulnerability for an area does not preclude the possibility of contamination, nor does a high sensitivity or vulnerability necessarily
mean that groundwater or an aquifer is contaminated.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.6 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice
D6026.
1.6.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated, in this standard are regarded as the industry
standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not
consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives;
and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations.
It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analytical methods for engineering design.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1.8 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course
of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment.
Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace
the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied
without consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the
document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.21 on Groundwater and Vadose
Zone Investigations.
Current edition approved Sept. 15, 2008Jan. 1, 2015. Published November 2008February 2015. Originally approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 20022008
as D6030–96(2002).D6030–96(2
...
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