ASTM D5447-17
(Guide)Standard Guide for Application of a Numerical Groundwater Flow Model to a Site-Specific Problem
Standard Guide for Application of a Numerical Groundwater Flow Model to a Site-Specific Problem
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Model applications (1),4 are useful tools to:
5.1.1 Assist in problem evaluation,
5.1.2 Design remedial measures,
5.1.3 Conceptualize and study groundwater flow processes,
5.1.4 Provide additional information for decision making, and
5.1.5 Recognize limitations in data and guide collection of new data.
5.2 Groundwater models are routinely employed in making environmental resource management decisions. The model supporting these decisions should be scientifically defensible and decision-makers informed of the degree of uncertainty in the model predictions. This has prompted some state agencies to develop standards for groundwater modeling (2). This guide provides a consistent framework within which to develop, apply, and document a groundwater flow model.
5.3 This guide presents steps ideally followed whenever a groundwater flow model is applied. The groundwater flow model will be based upon a mathematical model that may use numerical, analytical, or other appropriate technique.
5.4 This guide should be used by practicing groundwater modelers and by those wishing to provide consistency in modeling efforts performed under their direction.
5.5 Use of this guide to develop and document a groundwater flow model does not guarantee that the model is valid. This guide simply outlines the necessary steps to follow in the modeling process. For example, development of an equivalent porous media model in karst terrain may not be valid if significant groundwater flow takes place in fractures and solution channels. In this case, the modeler could follow the steps in this guide and not end up with a defensible model.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the application and subsequent documentation of a groundwater flow model to a particular site or problem. In this context, “groundwater flow model” refers to the application of a mathematical model to the solution of a site-specific groundwater flow problem.
1.2 This guide illustrates the major steps to take in developing a groundwater flow model that reproduces or simulates an aquifer system that has been studied in the field. This guide does not identify particular computer codes, software, or algorithms used in the modeling investigation.
1.3 This guide is specifically written for saturated, isothermal, groundwater flow models. The concepts are applicable to a wide range of models designed to simulate subsurface processes, such as variably saturated flow, flow in fractured media, density-dependent flow, solute transport, and multiphase transport phenomena; however, the details of these other processes are not described in this guide.
1.4 This guide is not intended to be all inclusive. Each groundwater model is unique and may require additional procedures in its development and application. All such additional analyses should be documented, however, in the model report.
1.5 This guide is one of a series of standards on groundwater model applications. Other standards include D5981, D5490, D5609, D5610, D5611, and D6033.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project's many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this docume...
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:D5447 −17
Standard Guide for
Application of a Numerical Groundwater Flow Model to a
1
Site-Specific Problem
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5447; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* experienceandshouldbeusedinconjunctionwithprofessional
judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all
1.1 This guide covers the application and subsequent docu-
circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to repre-
mentation of a groundwater flow model to a particular site or
sent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of
problem. In this context, “groundwater flow model” refers to
a given professional service must be judged, nor should this
the application of a mathematical model to the solution of a
document be applied without consideration of a project’s many
site-specific groundwater flow problem.
unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this
1.2 This guide illustrates the major steps to take in devel-
document means only that the document has been approved
oping a groundwater flow model that reproduces or simulates
through the ASTM consensus process.
an aquifer system that has been studied in the field. This guide
1.8 This international standard was developed in accor-
does not identify particular computer codes, software, or
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
algorithms used in the modeling investigation.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
1.3 This guide is specifically written for saturated,
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
isothermal, groundwater flow models. The concepts are appli-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
cable to a wide range of models designed to simulate subsur-
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
face processes, such as variably saturated flow, flow in frac-
tured media, density-dependent flow, solute transport, and
2. Referenced Documents
multiphase transport phenomena; however, the details of these
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
other processes are not described in this guide.
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
1.4 This guide is not intended to be all inclusive. Each
Fluids
groundwater model is unique and may require additional
D5490 Guide for Comparing Groundwater Flow Model
procedures in its development and application. All such addi-
Simulations to Site-Specific Information
tional analyses should be documented, however, in the model
D5609 Guide for Defining Boundary Conditions in Ground-
report.
water Flow Modeling
D5610 GuideforDefiningInitialConditionsinGroundwater
1.5 This guide is one of a series of standards on groundwa-
Flow Modeling
termodelapplications.OtherstandardsincludeD5981,D5490,
D5611 Guide for Conducting a Sensitivity Analysis for a
D5609, D5610, D5611, and D6033.
Groundwater Flow Model Application
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
D5981 Guide for Calibrating a Groundwater Flow Model
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3
Application (Withdrawn 2017)
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
D6033 Guide for Describing the Functionality of a Ground-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
water Modeling Code
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This guide offers an organized collection of information
3. Terminology
or a series of options and does not recommend a specific
3.1 Definitions:
course of action. This document cannot replace education or
1 2
This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM CommitteeD18 on Soil and Rock For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.21 on Groundwater and contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Vadose Zone Investigations. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2017. Published January 2018. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D5447–04(2010). The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
DOI: 10.1520/D5447-17. www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D5447 − 04 (Reapproved 2010) D5447 − 17
Standard Guide for
Application of a Numerical Groundwater Flow Model to a
1
Site-Specific Problem
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5447; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This guide covers the application and subsequent documentation of a groundwater flow model to a particular site or
problem. In this context, “groundwater flow model” refers to the application of a mathematical model to the solution of a
site-specific groundwater flow problem.
1.2 This guide illustrates the major steps to take in developing a groundwater flow model that reproduces or simulates an aquifer
system that has been studied in the field. This guide does not identify particular computer codes, software, or algorithms used in
the modeling investigation.
1.3 This guide is specifically written for saturated, isothermal, groundwater flow models. The concepts are applicable to a wide
range of models designed to simulate subsurface processes, such as variably saturated flow, flow in fractured media,
density-dependent flow, solute transport, and multiphase transport phenomena; however, the details of these other processes are
not described in this guide.
1.4 This guide is not intended to be all inclusive. Each groundwater model is unique and may require additional procedures in
its development and application. All such additional analyses should be documented, however, in the model report.
1.5 This guide is one of a series of standards on groundwater model applications. Other standards haveinclude D5981been,
D5490prepared, D5609on, D5610environmental, D5611modeling, such as Practice , and E978D6033.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems,concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and
determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to ususe.
1.7 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course
of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment.
Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace
the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied
without consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the
document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
D5490 Guide for Comparing Groundwater Flow Model Simulations to Site-Specific Information
D5609 Guide for Defining Boundary Conditions in Groundwater Flow Modeling
D5610 Guide for Defining Initial Conditions in Groundwater Flow Modeling
D5611 Guide for Conducting a Sensitivity Analysis for a Groundwater Flow Model Application
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.21 on Groundwater and Vadose
Zone Investigations.
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2010Dec. 15, 2017. Published September 2010January 2018. Originally approved in 1993. Discontinued in 2002 and reinstated in 2004
as D5447–04. Last previous edition approved in 20042010 as D5447D5447–04(2010).–04. DOI: 10.1520/D5447-04(2010).10.1520/D5447-17.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr
...
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