ASTM D653-09
(Terminology)Standard Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
Standard Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Definitions in this standard are to be regarded as the correct ones for terms found in other ASTM standards of Committee D18. Certain terms may be found in more than one standard issued under the jurisdiction of this committee and many of these terms have been placed in this standard.
Terms that are defined in some textbooks may differ slightly from those in this terminology standard. Definitions in this terminology standard are to be regarded as correct for ASTM usage.
See Appendix X1 for References.
A number of the definitions include symbols. The symbols appear in italics immediately after the name of the term.
No significance should be placed on the order in which the symbols are presented where two or more are given for an individual term.
The symbols presented are examples; therefore, other symbols are acceptable.
See Appendix X2 for Symbols.
A number of definitions indicate the units of measurements in parentheses and which follow the symbol(s) if given. The applicable units are indicated by bold capital letters, as follows:
DDimensionless
FForce, such as pound-force, ton-force, newton
LLength, such as inch, foot, millimeter, and meter
MMass, such as kilogram, gram
TTime, such as second, minute
Positive exponents designate multiples in the numerator. Negative exponents designate multiples in the denominator. Degrees of angle are indicated as “degrees.”
Expressing the units either in SI or the inch-pound system has been purposely omitted in order to leave the choice of the system and specific unit to the engineer and the particular application, for example:
FL−2may be expressed in pounds-force per square inch, kilopascals, tons per square foot, etc.
LT−1may be expressed in feet per minute, meters per second, etc.
Where synonymous terms are cross-referenced, the definition is usually included with the earlier term alphabetically. Where this is not the case, the later term is the more significant.
Definitions marked with (...
SCOPE
1.1 These definitions apply to many terms found in the Terminology section of standards of ASTM Committee D18.
1.2 This terminology standard defines terms related to soil, rock, and contained fluids found in the various sections of standards under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18.
1.3 Definitions of terms relating to frozen soils are contained in Terminology D7099.
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Designation:D653–09
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D653; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
These definitions were prepared jointly by the American Society of Civil Engineers and the American Society for Testing and Materials.
1. Scope* Transmissivity of Nonleaky Confined Aquifers by Over-
damped Well Response to Instantaneous Change in Head
1.1 These definitions apply to many terms found in the
(Slug Tests)
Terminology section of standards of ASTM Committee D18.
D4105 Test Method for (Analytical Procedure) for Deter-
1.2 This terminology standard defines terms related to soil,
mining Transmissivity and Storage Coefficient of Non-
rock, and contained fluids found in the various sections of
leaky Confined Aquifers by the Modified Theis Nonequi-
standards under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18.
librium Method
1.3 Definitions of terms relating to frozen soils are con-
D4106 Test Method for (Analytical Procedure) for Deter-
tained in Terminology D7099.
mining Transmissivity and Storage Coefficient of Non-
2. Referenced Documents leaky Confined Aquifers by the Theis Nonequilibrium
2
Method
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D4253 Test Methods for Maximum Index Density and Unit
C150 Specification for Portland Cement
Weight of Soils Using a Vibratory Table
D558 Test Methods for Moisture-Density (Unit Weight)
D4254 Test Methods for Minimum Index Density and Unit
Relations of Soil-Cement Mixtures
Weight of Soils and Calculation of Relative Density
D698 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Character-
3
D4318 Test Methods for Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, and
istics of Soil Using Standard Effort (12 400 ft-lbf/ft (600
3
Plasticity Index of Soils
kN-m/m ))
D4631 Test Method for Determining Transmissivity and
D854 Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Soil Solids by
Storativity of Low Permeability Rocks by In Situ Mea-
Water Pycnometer
surements Using Pressure Pulse Technique
D1557 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Charac-
D4750 Test Method for Determining Subsurface Liquid
teristics of Soil Using Modified Effort (56,000 ft-lbf/
3 3
Levels in a Borehole or Monitoring Well (Observation
ft (2,700 kN-m/m ))
3
Well)
D2487 Practice for Classification of Soils for Engineering
D5084 Test Methods for Measurement of Hydraulic Con-
Purposes (Unified Soil Classification System)
ductivity of Saturated Porous Materials Using a Flexible
D4043 Guide for Selection of Aquifer Test Method in
Wall Permeameter
Determining Hydraulic Properties by Well Techniques
D5088 Practice for Decontamination of Field Equipment
D4044 Test Method for (Field Procedure) for Instantaneous
Used at Waste Sites
Change in Head (Slug) Tests for Determining Hydraulic
D5092 PracticeforDesignandInstallationofGroundWater
Properties of Aquifers
Monitoring Wells
D4050 Test Method for (Field Procedure) for Withdrawal
D5269 Test Method for Determining Transmissivity of
and Injection Well Tests for Determining Hydraulic Prop-
Nonleaky Confined Aquifers by the Theis Recovery
erties of Aquifer Systems
Method
D4104 TestMethod(AnalyticalProcedure)forDetermining
D5270 Test Method for Determining Transmissivity and
StorageCoefficientofBounded,Nonleaky,ConfinedAqui-
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil
fers
and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.93 on Terminology
D5299 GuideforDecommissioningofGroundWaterWells,
for Soil, Rock and Contained Fluids.
Vadose Zone Monitoring Devices, Boreholes, and Other
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2009. Published March 2009. Originally
approved in 1942. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D653–08a. DOI:
Devices for Environmental Activities
10.1520/D0653-09.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced
the ASTM website.
on www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D653–09
D5878 GuidesforUsingRock-MassClassificationSystems 3.7 Definitions marked with (ISRM) are included for the
for Engineering Purposes convenience of the user and were taken dire
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D653–08a Designation:D653–09
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D653; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
These definitions were prepared jointly by the American Society of Civil Engineers and the American Society for Testing and Materials.
1. Scope*
1.1 These definitions apply to many terms found in the Terminology section of standards of ASTM Committee D18.
1.2 Thisterminologystandarddefinestermsrelatedtosoil,rock,andcontainedfluidsfoundinthevarioussectionsofstandards
under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18.
1.3 Definitions of terms relating to frozen soils are contained in Terminology D7099.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C150 Specification for Portland Cement
D558 Test Methods for Moisture-Density (Unit Weight) Relations of Soil-Cement Mixtures
3 3
D698 TestMethodsforLaboratoryCompactionCharacteristicsofSoilUsingStandardEffort(12400ft-lbf/ft (600kN-m/m ))
D854 Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Soil Solids by Water Pycnometer
3
D1557 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Modified Effort (56,000 ft-lbf/ft (2,700
3
kN-m/m ))
D2487 Practice for Classification of Soils for Engineering Purposes (Unified Soil Classification System)
D4043 Guide for Selection of Aquifer Test Method in Determining Hydraulic Properties by Well Techniques
D4044 TestMethodfor(FieldProcedure)forInstantaneousChangeinHead(Slug)TestsforDeterminingHydraulicProperties
of Aquifers
D4050 Test Method for (Field Procedure) for Withdrawal and Injection Well Tests for Determining Hydraulic Properties of
Aquifer Systems
D4104 Test Method (Analytical Procedure) for Determining Transmissivity of Nonleaky Confined Aquifers by Overdamped
Well Response to Instantaneous Change in Head (Slug Tests)
D4105 Test Method for (Analytical Procedure) for DeterminingTransmissivity and Storage Coefficient of Nonleaky Confined
Aquifers by the Modified Theis Nonequilibrium Method
D4106 Test Method for (Analytical Procedure) for DeterminingTransmissivity and Storage Coefficient of Nonleaky Confined
Aquifers by the Theis Nonequilibrium Method
D4253 Test Methods for Maximum Index Density and Unit Weight of Soils Using a Vibratory Table
D4254 Test Methods for Minimum Index Density and Unit Weight of Soils and Calculation of Relative Density
D4318 Test Methods for Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, and Plasticity Index of Soils
D4631 Test Method for Determining Transmissivity and Storativity of Low Permeability Rocks by In Situ Measurements
Using Pressure Pulse Technique
D4750 Test Method for Determining Subsurface Liquid Levels in a Borehole or Monitoring Well (Observation Well)
D5084 Test Methods for Measurement of Hydraulic Conductivity of Saturated Porous Materials Using a Flexible Wall
Permeameter
D5088 Practice for Decontamination of Field Equipment Used at Waste Sites
D5092 Practice for Design and Installation of Ground Water Monitoring Wells
D5269 Test Method for Determining Transmissivity of Nonleaky Confined Aquifers by the Theis Recovery Method
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.93 onTerminology for Soil,
Rock and Contained Fluids.
Current edition approved Dec.Jan. 1, 2008.2009. Published December 2008.March 2009. Originally approved in 1942. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as
D653–08a.
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.For Annual Book ofASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D653–09
D5270 Test Method for Determining Transmissivity and Storage Coefficient of Bounded, Nonleaky, Confined Aquifers
D5299 Guide for Decommissioning of Ground Water Wells, Vadose Zone Monitoring Devices, Boreholes, and Other Devices
for Environmental Activities
D5878 Guides for Using Rock-Mass Classification
...
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