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ASTM E2676-09

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Tangible Property Mobility Index (MI)

Standard Practice for Tangible Property Mobility Index (MI)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Establish a standard notational and conversational approach to tangible property mobility and related information to enable precision in requirements and results related to movement and tracking.
Foster and enable additional standard practices related to or based on mobility practice and information.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers standardizing practice and terminology related to information conveying the mobility of tangible property.
1.2 This practice describes a graduated index depicting in a standard manner the mobility of tangible property, assigning a standard name and index number to each. The index ranges from indiscernible to immovable. The mobility index ranges from MI 0 for non-discernable items to MI 10 for real property.
1.3 While examples are given of items that may be associated with a particular mobility index number, the intent of this practice does not include rigid prescriptive assignment of items or types of items to specific mobility indexes. Individual entities may make their own assignments based on their judgment unless or until standard practice based on experience using this practice emerges.
1.4 In conjunction with Practice E 2608, entities may base decisions on control classes and control classes in whole or in part based on the mobility indices of the items.
1.5 In conjunction with Practice E 2132, entities may develop their physical inventory plans for classes of items based in whole or in part on the mobility indices of the items.
1.6 In conjunction with Practice E 2131, entities may analyze and report their loss, damage, and destruction experience based in whole or in part on the mobility indices of the items.
1.7 There is no existing, recognized practice for recording, discussing, and comparing mobility information.
1.8 This practice is designed to be applicable and appropriate for all tangible property-holding entities.
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
14-Feb-2009
ICS
03.060 - Finances. Banking. Monetary systems. Insurance
Technical Committee
E53 - Asset Management
Drafting Committee
E53.05 - Asset Leadership
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM E2676-09(2014) - Standard Practice for Tangible Property Mobility Index (MI)
Effective Date
01-Jun-2014
Referred By
ASTM E2675-22 - Standard Practice for Asset Management System Outcomes
Effective Date
15-Feb-2009

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ASTM E2676-09 - Standard Practice for Tangible Property Mobility Index (MI)
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E2676 − 09
StandardPractice for
Tangible Property Mobility Index (MI)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2676; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
1.1 This practice covers standardizing practice and termi- 2.1 ASTM Standards:
nology related to information conveying the mobility of E2131 PracticeforAddressingandReportingLoss,Damage,
tangible property. or Destruction of Tangible Property
E2132 Practice for Inventory Verification: Electronic and
1.2 This practice describes a graduated index depicting in a
Physical Inventory of Assets
standard manner the mobility of tangible property, assigning a
E2135 Terminology for Property and Asset Management
standard name and index number to each. The index ranges
E2279 Practice for Establishing the Guiding Principles of
from indiscernible to immovable. The mobility index ranges
Property Management
from MI 0 for non-discernable items to MI 10 for real prop-
E2608 Practice for Equipment Control Matrix (ECM)
erty.
1.3 While examples are given of items that may be associ-
3. Terminology
ated with a particular mobility index number, the intent of this
3.1 Definitions—For definitions relating to property and
practice does not include rigid prescriptive assignment of items
asset management, refer to Terminology E2135.
or types of items to specific mobility indexes. Individual
3.2 Acronyms:
entities may make their own assignments based on their
3.2.1 ECM—equipment control matrix
judgment unless or until standard practice based on experience
3.2.2 MI—mobility index
using this practice emerges.
3.2.3 PDA—Personal digital assistant
1.4 In conjunction with Practice E2608, entities may base
decisions on control classes and control classes in whole or in
4. Significance and Use
part based on the mobility indices of the items.
4.1 Establish a standard notational and conversational ap-
1.5 In conjunction with Practice E2132, entities may de-
proach to tangible property mobility and related information to
velop their physical inventory plans for classes of items based
enable precision in requirements and results related to move-
in whole or in part on the mobility indices of the items.
ment and tracking.
1.6 In conjunction with Practice E2131, entities may ana-
4.2 Foster and enable additional standard practices related
lyze and report their loss, damage, and destruction experience
to or based on mobility practice and information.
based in whole or in part on the mobility indices of the items.
1.7 There is no existing, recognized practice for recording,
5. Tangible Property Mobility Index
discussing, and comparing mobility information.
5.1 Mobility Index (MI):
1.8 This practice is designed to be applicable and appropri-
5.1.1 MI 0: Non-Discernable Items—Items for which move-
ate for all tangible property-holding entities.
ment is not visible or discernable because of its size or other
characteristics.MI 0isonetheoreticalendpointofthemobility
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the
index.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5.1.2 MI 1: Discernable Items—Items for which movement
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
is not visible because of its size or other characteristics but for
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
which movement is discernable. Examples of MI 1 items
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
include airborne gases and particles and nanotechnology items.
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E53 on Asset
Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E53.05 on Property For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Management Maturity. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Current edition approved Feb. 15, 2009. Published February 2009. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/E2676-09. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
...

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4.1 This practice establishes expected outcomes associated with an asset management system.  
4.2 Understand the difference between performance standards and design standards—these are primarily performance statements versus design statements. What is being measured is achievement, not process.  
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4.4 This practice, in combination with Practice E2279, should provide an enhanced basis for making decisions surrounding both assets and asset management systems.  
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1.1 This practice describes expected outcomes associated with an asset management system. It is a measure of achievement rather than process and is performance oriented rather than design oriented.  
1.2 Outcomes are defined as information, events, objects, or states of being produced as a result or consequence of an objective, plan, process, accident, effort, or other similar action or occurrence and can be expressed in a quantitative or qualitative manner.  
1.3 An output measure is the tabulation, calculation, or recording of activity or effort and can be expressed in a quantitative or qualitative manner. For example, an output is driving 100 mph; an outcome is arriving safely.  
1.4 An outcome measure is an assessment of the results of a program activity compared to its intended purpose. This practice assumes that inputs are correlated to known or declared outputs of the system or system component being assessed.  
1.5 Consistent with Practice E2452 (EMPM), these outcomes are grouped into process management outcomes and operational outcomes.  
1.5.1 Although they may be directly related, strategies and tactics should not be confused with outcomes. Strategies are long-term plans of action designed to achieve a particular goal. Tactics are maneuvers or actions calculated to achieve some end. For example, increasing exercise is a strategy to attain the goal or outcome of fitness. Running is a supporting tactic to achieve the goal or outcome of fitness. Other tactics or groups of tactics may achieve the same outcome. On the other hand, as the definition of outcome indicates, tactics are not required for attaining outcomes. For example, fitness may be an unplanned result of a job requiring physical exertion.  
1.6 This practice describes the outcomes at a high level, with limited discussion of each outcome or components of each outcome. The intent is to provide a framework for current and potential additional standards. A cross reference relating current standards to the outcomes is provided in Section 5.  
1.7 The outcomes further described in Section 5 are listed in the following:  
1.7.1 Process Management Outcomes:  
1.7.1.1 Outcome 1—Mission Support
1.7.1.2 Outcome 2—Accounting and Accountability
1.7.1.3 Outcome 3—Information Management
1.7.1.4 Outcome 4—Planning
1.7.1.5 Outcome 5—Relationships  
1.7.2 Operational Outcomes:  
1.7.2.1 Outcome 6—Asset Functionality for Intended Purpose
1.7.2.2 Outcome 7—Resource Optimization
1.7.2.3 Outcome 8—Asset Visibility
1.7.2.4 Outcome 9—Safety and Security
1.7.2.5 Outcome 10—Installation, Movement, and Storage  
1.8 In Section 5, a rating scale is provided to quantify in a uniform manner achievement of outcomes and outcome components.  
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ASTM E2676-09(2020)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Tangible Property Mobility Index (MI)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Establish a standard notational and conversational approach to tangible property mobility and related information to enable precision in requirements and results related to movement and tracking.  
4.2 Foster and enable additional standard practices related to or based on mobility practice and information.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers standardizing practice and terminology related to information conveying the mobility of tangible property.  
1.2 This practice describes a graduated index depicting in a standard manner the mobility of tangible property, assigning a standard name and index number to each. The index ranges from indiscernible to immovable. The mobility index ranges from MI 0 for non-discernible items to MI 10 for real property.  
1.3 While examples are given of items that may be associated with a particular mobility index number, the intent of this practice does not include rigid prescriptive assignment of items or types of items to specific mobility indexes. Individual entities may make their own assignments based on their judgment unless or until standard practice based on experience using this practice emerges.  
1.4 In conjunction with Practice E2608, entities may base decisions on control classes and control classes in whole or in part based on the mobility indices of the items.  
1.5 In conjunction with Practice E2132, entities may develop their physical inventory plans for classes of items based in whole or in part on the mobility indices of the items.  
1.6 In conjunction with Practice E2131, entities may analyze and report their loss, damage, and destruction experience based in whole or in part on the mobility indices of the items.  
1.7 There is no existing, recognized practice for recording, discussing, and comparing mobility information.  
1.8 This practice is designed to be applicable and appropriate for all tangible property-holding entities.  
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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Standard Practice for Receipt Notification as a Result of Tangible Asset Movement

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 It is the intent of these principles to provide guidance for an efficient system to acknowledge custody of tangible assets through certification of receipt.  
4.2 These principles allow for enhanced control of tangible asset movement within any organizational structure, including suppliers and alternate locations.  
4.3 Use of this practice will provide an auditable document for proof of custody change.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the process of receipt notification as a result of tangible asset movement. This practice provides further guidance in conjunction with Practice E2605.  
1.2 The application of this practice should promote accurate visibility of tangible asset location and timely record updates.  
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Standard Guide for Schedule Performance Index, Schedule Beta (βs)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The schedule beta (βs) approach produces informational elements: Overall (or composite) schedule beta (βs), schedule beta upside (βs+), and schedule beta downside (βs–)—representing the quantitative components, and the qualitative insight (“early warning”) into the propensity for directional schedule performance for individual schedule participants.  
5.1.1 The quantitative component of schedule beta (βs) (inclusive of the upside and downside subvariants) is an index value that depicts schedule participant’s magnitude and direction of movement as compared to the overall project at an assigned value of 1.0, for example, a βs = +2.5 connotes performance of a schedule participant that moves in the same direction as the collection of completed projects at a rate of 2.5 units (schedule days) for each single unit (schedule day) experienced at the overall project level.  
5.1.2 The qualitative component of schedule beta (βs) (inclusive of the upside and downside subvariants) provides insight as a cautionary and predictive signal depicting the ability for an individual schedule participant to perform in-keeping with the initially-established as-planned schedule duration(s).  
5.2 Schedule beta (βs) also depicts the overall status or health (performing well or not) of a market sector, location and/or trade. Consistent larger schedule beta (βs) values are indicative of external elements (risks) impacting all participants sharing common attribute(s) (that is, trade, location, market sector, etc.).  
5.3 Schedule beta (βs) measures current schedule participant performance. As a rolling value (for example, calculated for projects completed during the two most recently completed full calendar years), it depicts the schedule performance ability of the schedule participant. See Note 1.
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1.1 This guide covers schedule beta (βs), which measures construction project participant schedule performance versus that of the overall completed project and is based on beta (β) from financial portfolio theory for measuring the correlation between individual stock performance and that of the overall stock market.2 By correlating the delta of actual activity performance (“as-built”) minus that originally scheduled (“as-planned”) to the delta of as-built minus as-planned for the overall completed project for a participant’s collection of projects over a specified period of time, a schedule performance index is established in a similar manner as the aforementioned beta (β) of an individual stock.  
1.2 Schedule beta (βs) measures, as a unitless index value, schedule participant (“subcontractor’s”) performance—ahead or behind—as-planned duration as correlated to its respective overall project’s schedule performance.  
1.3 Schedule beta (βs) is measured with input from at least two (2) independent (mutually exclusive) projects that have reached completion, within the defined period of observation.  
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4.1 This practice establishes expected outcomes associated with an asset management system.  
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4.3 This practice encourages an inclusive understanding and communication of the outcomes associated with an asset management system. As additional standards are added, comparisons on this basis to other asset management systems can be further enabled.  
4.4 This practice, in combination with Practice E2279, should provide an enhanced basis for making decisions surrounding both assets and asset management systems.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes expected outcomes associated with an asset management system. It is a measure of achievement rather than process and is performance oriented rather than design oriented.  
1.2 Outcomes are defined as information, events, objects, or states of being produced as a result or consequence of an objective, plan, process, accident, effort, or other similar action or occurrence and can be expressed in a quantitative or qualitative manner.  
1.3 An output measure is the tabulation, calculation, or recording of activity or effort and can be expressed in a quantitative or qualitative manner. For example, an output is driving 100 mph; an outcome is arriving safely.  
1.4 An outcome measure is an assessment of the results of a program activity compared to its intended purpose. This practice assumes that inputs are correlated to known or declared outputs of the system or system component being assessed.  
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1.6 This practice describes the outcomes at a high level, with limited discussion of each outcome or components of each outcome. The intent is to provide a framework for current and potential additional standards. A cross reference relating current standards to the outcomes is provided in Section 5.  
1.7 The outcomes further described in Section 5 are listed in the following:  
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1.7.1.2 Outcome 2—Accounting and Accountability
1.7.1.3 Outcome 3—Information Management
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1.7.1.5 Outcome 5—Relationships  
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4.1 Uses—This guide is intended for use on a voluntary basis by a reporting entity that provides disclosure in its financial statements regarding financial impacts attributed to climate change. The degree and type of disclosure depends on the scope and objective of the financial statements. This guide is intended to apply to U.S. and international operations at the discretion of the reporting entity.8 The user should be aware that there may be contractual obligations, court decisions, or regulatory directives that may affect the flexibility in use of this guide. The user should also maintain an awareness of international regulations that may be relevant to disclosures, such as those of the International Accounting Standards Board and International Financial Reporting Standards.  
4.2 Principle:  
4.2.1 The following principles are an integral part of this guide and are intended to be referred to in resolving any ambiguity or dispute regarding the interpretation of financial disclosures regarding financial impacts attributed to climate change.  
4.2.1.1 Uncertainty Not Eliminated—Although a reporting entity, as of the time when its financial statements are prepared, may have evaluated the existence and extent of financial impacts attributed to climate change, there remains uncertainty with regard to the final resolution of scientific, technological, regulatory, legislative, and judicial matters, which could affect its financial impacts attributed to climate change. Where, as defined by the reporting entity, such uncertainties cannot be eliminated, the reporting entity shall provide its justification. In addition, the reporting entity shall provide estimates of the risks involved regarding uncertainties. Typically, this is accomplished through the development of reasonable scenarios or ranges to recognize and address uncertainties. While one or more climate change uncertainties may be unforeseeable for any reporting period, once recognized, subsequent reports will...
SCOPE
1.1 Purpose—The purpose of this guide is to provide a series of options or instructions consistent with good commercial and customary practice for climate change-related disclosures accompanying audited and unaudited financial statements. This guide encourages consistent and comprehensive disclosure of financial impacts attributed to climate change.  
1.2 Objective—The objective of this guide is to determine the conditions warranting disclosure and the content of appropriate disclosure.  
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Standard Practice for Tangible Property Mobility Index (MI)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Establish a standard notational and conversational approach to tangible property mobility and related information to enable precision in requirements and results related to movement and tracking.  
4.2 Foster and enable additional standard practices related to or based on mobility practice and information.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers standardizing practice and terminology related to information conveying the mobility of tangible property.  
1.2 This practice describes a graduated index depicting in a standard manner the mobility of tangible property, assigning a standard name and index number to each. The index ranges from indiscernible to immovable. The mobility index ranges from MI 0 for non-discernible items to MI 10 for real property.  
1.3 While examples are given of items that may be associated with a particular mobility index number, the intent of this practice does not include rigid prescriptive assignment of items or types of items to specific mobility indexes. Individual entities may make their own assignments based on their judgment unless or until standard practice based on experience using this practice emerges.  
1.4 In conjunction with Practice E2608, entities may base decisions on control classes and control classes in whole or in part based on the mobility indices of the items.  
1.5 In conjunction with Practice E2132, entities may develop their physical inventory plans for classes of items based in whole or in part on the mobility indices of the items.  
1.6 In conjunction with Practice E2131, entities may analyze and report their loss, damage, and destruction experience based in whole or in part on the mobility indices of the items.  
1.7 There is no existing, recognized practice for recording, discussing, and comparing mobility information.  
1.8 This practice is designed to be applicable and appropriate for all tangible property-holding entities.  
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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Standard Classification for Facility Asset Component Tracking System (FACTS)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This classification defines building elements as major assemblies, components, and attributes common to real property assets and sitework. Elements perform given functions, regardless of the design specification, construction method, materials or products used. (See Terminology E1480, Classifications E1557 and E1670, and Practice E2675.)  
4.2 The classification aligns products to specific functional elements and/or sub-element to enable the development of specialized maintenance procedures. (See Practices E2452, E2604, and E2675.)  
4.3 This alignment will help streamline warehousing requirements and enable functional business units to use a common nomenclature. (See Terminology E1480 and Practice E2452.)  
4.4 The classification will lead to more effective life cycle management of the operation, maintenance and cost of the asset by linking activities and participants in an asset‘s full life-cycle, from initial planning through construction, operations, maintenance, repair, modernization, and disposal. (See Practices E917 and E1334, Classification E1670, Practice E1946, and Guide E2506). See Fig. 1 for life cycle application of FACTS.
FIG. 1 Life Cycle Application of FACTS  
4.5 The benefits of the life cycle application of FACTS are:  
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4.5.2 Continue to develop requirements and information tracked as processes evolve.  
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4.6 The users of this classification include owners, architects and engineers, developers, property managers, asset managers, project managers, operation and maintenance staff, cost estimators, construction contractors, and database administrators. (See Guide E1369, Terminology E1480, Guide E2156, and Practice E2812.)  
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SCOPE
1.1 This standard (FACTS) establishes a classification of building and sitework elements and components, and their associated functions, attributes, and products. Elements, as defined here, are major assemblies and components common to buildings and sitework. Elements usually perform given functions, regardless of the design specification, construction method, or materials used. The attribute classification will lead to more effective management of the operation, maintenance, and life cycle cost of the asset.  
1.2 The classification:  
1.2.1 Incorporates Levels 1, 2, and 3 from Classification E1557:
1.2.1.1 Major Group Element (Classification E1557 Level 1).
1.2.1.2 Group Element (Classification E1557 Level 2).
1.2.1.3 Element (Classification E1557 Level 3).  
1.2.2 Establishes sub-elements at Levels 4 and beyond:
1.2.2.1 Because the main objective is content and not specifically rigid structure, levels beyond those established in Classification E1557 are not balanced.
1.2.2.2 Products and characteristics are introduced at varying levels, depending on the appropriate element and elemental function.
1.2.2.3 Functional elements are aligned with products and product characteristics.  
1.2.3 Incorporates the noun-adjective-attribute relationship between elements, elemental function and the associated products and characteristics.  
1.2.4 This approach identifies specific products that will support the element at its functional level. However, the classification permits the introduction of additional products necessitated due to higher order requirements, such as but not limited to:
(1) Asset type
(2) Asset function
(3) Asset conditions
(4) Building code requirements  
1.3 The classification seeks to define a larger universe of attributes, products, and characteristics that may define its functional use and life cycle cost.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The payback method is part of a family of economic evaluation methods that provide measures of economic performance of an investment. Included in this family of evaluation methods are life-cycle costing, benefit-to-cost and savings-to-investment ratios, net benefits, and internal rates of return.  
5.2 The payback method accounts for all monetary values associated with an investment up to the time at which cumulative net benefits, discounted to present value, just pay off initial investment costs.  
5.3 Use the method to find if a project recovers its investment cost and other accrued costs within its service life or within a specified maximum acceptable payback period (MAPP) less than its service life. It is important to note that the decision to use the payback method should be made with care. (See Section 11 on Limitations.)
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides a recommended procedure for calculating and applying the payback method in evaluating building designs and building systems.  
1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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Standard Practice for Workers’ Compensation Coverage of Emergency Services Volunteers

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 It is presumed for the purposes of this practice that the legal authority (agency) having responsibility for emergency services in a given jurisdiction also has a legal responsibility to provide workers’ compensation Insurance coverage for regular paid employees.  
3.2 Emergency services volunteers are presumed to be requested irregularly to provide special skills or assistance on behalf of the agency. As such, these volunteers act as part-time employees of the agency and are empowered to act to provide these services when specifically requested to do so, or pursuant to an approved plan or schedule, or under the supervision of a full-time employee.  
3.3 The legal authority incurs workers’ compensation insurance responsibility for emergency services volunteers (ESVs) while the ESV is actively providing services to the agency as defined in Section 5 of this practice. This period of activity shall be considered to be employment as defined by the state workers’ compensation statutes of the agency.  
3.4 When a legal authority (agency) requests the services of emergency services volunteers as defined by this practice to provide services, the agency shall assume responsibility for the injuries, medical treatment, loss of wages, and death of those emergency services volunteers while providing services as described in this practice.  
3.5 Responsibility for the injuries, medical treatment, loss of wages, and death of those emergency services volunteers while providing services as described in this practice shall be at the statutory limits of the workers’ compensation laws of the state of the agency requesting the services of the emergency services volunteer, and shall be administered in accordance with that agency's state workers’ compensation laws and regulations.  
3.6 Responsibility for workers’ compensation for members of emergency services units shall be the same as outlined in 3.1, and shall be provided by the agency normally directing the activities of the ...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice defines the application of insurance benefits for emergency services volunteers and units in the manner and extent as provided for under the workers’ compensation statutes of the state in which the volunteer or unit provides services.  
1.2 This practice identifies the basic types of emergency service volunteer, and the types of activities that should be covered by workers’ compensation insurance.  
1.3 This practice includes both emergency service units who operate as organized resources to a public authority legally responsible for the provision of search and rescue and other emergency services, as well as those volunteers who respond to a general request to the public for their services.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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