ASTM D6307-05(2010)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Asphalt Content of Hot-Mix Asphalt by Ignition Method
Standard Test Method for Asphalt Content of Hot-Mix Asphalt by Ignition Method
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method can be used for quantitative determination of asphalt content in HMA paving mixtures and pavement samples for quality control, specification acceptance, and mixture evaluation studies. This test method does not require the use of solvents. Aggregate obtained by this test method may be used for gradation analysis according to Test Method D5444.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of asphalt content of hot-mix asphalt (HMA) paving mixtures and pavement samples by removing the asphalt cement in an ignition furnace. The means of sample heating may be the convection method or direct irradiation method.
Note 1—Aggregate obtained by this test method may be used for sieve analysis. Particle size degradation may occur with some aggregates.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitation prior to use.
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D6307–05 (Reapproved 2010)
Standard Test Method for
Asphalt Content of Hot-Mix Asphalt by Ignition Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6307; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D5444 Test Method for Mechanical Size Analysis of Ex-
tracted Aggregate
1.1 This test method covers the determination of asphalt
content of hot-mix asphalt (HMA) paving mixtures and pave-
3. Summary of Test Methods
ment samples by removing the asphalt cement in an ignition
3.1 The asphalt cement in the paving mixture is ignited
furnace. The means of sample heating may be the convection
using the furnace equipment applicable to the particular
method or direct irradiation method.
method. The asphalt content is calculated by difference from
NOTE 1—Aggregate obtained by this test method may be used for sieve
the mass of the residual aggregate and moisture content. The
analysis. Particle size degradation may occur with some aggregates.
asphalt content is expressed as mass percent of moisture-free
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
mixtures. Test Method A is intended for furnaces with an
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
internal, automated weighing system. Test Method B is in-
standard.
tended for furnaces without an internal weighing system.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4. Significance and Use
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.1 This test method can be used for quantitative determi-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- nation of asphalt content in HMA paving mixtures and pave-
bility of regulatory limitation prior to use.
ment samples for quality control, specification acceptance, and
mixture evaluation studies. This test method does not require
2. Referenced Documents
the use of solvents. Aggregate obtained by this test method
2.1 ASTM Standards:
may be used for gradation analysis according to Test Method
C670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements
D5444.
for Test Methods for Construction Materials
5. Apparatus
C702 Practice for Reducing Samples of Aggregate to Test-
ing Size 5.1 Balance,readableto0.1g,andcapableofmeasuringthe
D75 Practice for Sampling Aggregates
mass of sample, sample trays, and catch pan.The balance shall
D140 Practice for Sampling Bituminous Materials be in accordance with Guide D4753, Class GP2.
D979 Practice for Sampling Bituminous Paving Mixtures
5.2 Sample Tray(s), of appropriate size that allows the
D1461 Test Method for Moisture or Volatile Distillates in samples to be spread thinly and allows air to flow up through
Bituminous Paving Mixtures
and around the sample particles. The sample shall be enclosed
D4753 Guide for Evaluating, Selecting, and Specifying completely with screen mesh, perforated stainless steel plate,
Balances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil, Rock, and
or other suitable material.
Construction Materials Testing
NOTE 2—Screen mesh or other suitable material with maximum and
minimum openings of 3.35 mm and 600 µm, respectively, has been found
to perform well.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road
and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.25 on
5.3 Catch Pan, of appropriate size to hold the sample trays
Analysis of Bituminous Mixtures.
so that aggregate particles and melting asphalt binder falling
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2010. Published February 2010. Originally
through the screen mesh are caught.
approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D6307 – 05. DOI:
10.1520/D6307-10.
5.4 CatchPan/SampleTray(s)HandlingApparatus,suitable
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
for inserting catch pan and sample tray(s) into furnace and
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
removing hot catch pan and sample tray(s) from furnace.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D6307–05 (2010)
5.5 Assorted Spatulas, Pans, Bowls, and Wire Brushes, for 8.1.1 Ignition Furnace—A forced air ignition furnace that
preparingHMAmixturesandremovingaggregatefromsample heats the sample by either convection method or direct-
tray(s) and catch pan. irradiation method. The convection-type furnace must have a
5.6 Protective Gloves, well insulated and capable of with- minimum temperature capability of 580°C. The furnace shall
standing 580°C. have an internal weighing system capable of measuring the
5.7 Ovens—Mechanical ovens, convection or forced draft, mass of sample sizes of at least 2500 g. The furnace chamber
shall be provided for drying aggregates and HMA mixtures, shall be of sufficient size to accommodate sample sizes of at
and for preheating HMA mixtures prior to ignition testing. least 2500 g.Adata collection system also shall be included so
5.8 Ignition Furnace, as described in 8.1.1 or 11.1.1. that the sample mass loss can be determined automatically to
an accuracy of 0.1 g and displayed during a test. The test is
6. Hazards
deemed complete when the difference between consecutive
6.1 The temperature of the furnace, sample, sample tray(s),
measuredmasslossdoesnotexceed0.01 %ofthesamplemass
andcatchpanafterremovalfromthefurnaceisextremelyhigh.
for three consecutive 1-min intervals. The equipment shall
Caution, therefore, must be exercised at all times when
provide a printout of the test results. A system capable of
handling these items as failure to do so could result in serious
reducing furnace emissions to an acceptable level also shall be
injury, severe burns, or fire. The sample, sample tray(s), and
incorporated in the furnace. The furnace shall be vented into a
catch pan should be placed inside a safety cage and should not
hood or to the outside and when set up properly will have no
be allowed to cool near any materials that are subject to
noticeable odors escaping into the laboratory. The furnace will
ignition at the high temperatures used in this procedure. The
have a fan with the capability to pull air through the furnace to
furnace manufacturer’s instruction manual must be followed to
expedite the test and to reduce escape of smoke into the
take all necessary precautions.
laboratory. The furnace shall be equipped so that the door
cannot be opened during the ignition test.
7. Sampling
8.1.2 Filters,ifrequired,ofthetypespecifiedbythefurnace
7.1 ObtainsamplesofaggregateinaccordancewithPractice
manufacturer.
D75.
7.2 Obtain samples of HMA in accordance with Practice
9. Calibration
D979.
9.1 The type of aggregate in the mixture may affect the
7.3 Preparation of Test Specimens:
results of this test method because different aggregates lose
7.3.1 If the mixture is not soft enough to separate with a
mass on ignition to varying degrees. The results also may be
spatula or trowel, place it in a large, flat pan and warm in an
affectedbythepresenceofadditivesandmodifiersintheHMA
oven set at 110 6 5°C until it can be separated or mixed. Split
sample.Accordingly, to optimize accuracy, a calibration factor
or quarter the material in accordance with Practice C702 until
shall be established by testing three calibration samples for
the mass of material required for the test is obtained.
each mix type. The calibration shall be performed on a
7.3.2 The size of the test sample shall be governed by the
prepared sample of asphalt mixture, which also shall include
nominal maximum aggregate size of the mixture and shall
additives and modifiers, if any, to be used.
conform to the mass requirement shown in Table 1 (see Note
9.2 ObtainsamplesofblendedaggregatetobeusedinHMA
3).
in accordance with 7.1. The sample should be approximately
NOTE 3—When the mass of the test specimen exceeds the capacity of
the same mass and gradation as that to be used for the HMA
the equipment used (for a particular method), the test specimen may be
test sample (10.1).
divided into suitable increments, tested, and the results combined for
9.3 Obtain samples of asphalt cement to be used in HMAin
calculationofasphaltcontentbasedontheweightedaverageofthemasses
accordance with 7.4.
used in the increments.
9.4 Oven-dry the aggregate samples to a constant mass.
7.4 Obtain samples of asphalt cement in accordance with
9.4.1 For the convection-type furnace, set the furnace tem-
Practice D140.
perature to 540 6 5°C for calibration using mixtures.
9.4.2 For the direct-irradiation-type furnace, set the burn
TEST METHOD A
profile to the DEFAULT mode.
8. Apparatus 9.5 Heat the aggregates and asphalt cement to approxi-
mately 150°C. Heat all mixing bowls and tools to approxi-
8.1 In addition to the apparatus listed in Section 5, the
mately 150°C.
following apparatus is required for Test Method A.
9.6 Prior to the mixing of calibration samples, an initial or
“butter” mix is required to condition the mixing equipment.
TABLE 1 Size of Sample
Remove and discard the “butter” mix from the bowl by
Nominal Maximum Aggregate Size
Standard, mm Minimum Mass of Sample, kg scraping, leaving a uniform coating of asphalt mix residue.
4.75 0.5
NOTE 4—The “butter” mix prevents calibration samples from being
9.5 1
biased by residual asphalt mix retained in the mixing bowl.
12.5 1.5
19.0 2
9.7 Prepare three calibration samples at the design asphalt
25.0 3
cement content (P). Incorporate additives and modifiers, if any,
37.5 4
to be used.
D6307–05 (2010)
9.8 Determineandrecordthemassofthesampletray(s)and 10.4 Determine and record the mass of the sample tray(s)
catch pan to the nearest 0.1 g. and catch pan to the nearest 0.1 g.
9.9 Evenly distribute the sample in the sample tray(s). 10.5 Evenly distribute the sample in the sample tray(s).
9.10 Determine the mass of the sample, sample tray(s), and 10.6 Determine the mass of the sample, sample tray(s), and
catch pan to the nearest 0.1 g. Calculate and record the initial catch pan to the nearest 0.1 g. Calculate and record the initial
mass of the sample (M ). mass of the sample (M ).
I B
9.11 Heat the calibration sample in the convection-type 10.7 Heat the sample in the furnace at the specified tem-
furnace at 540 6 5°C; or in the direct irradiation type furnace perature until the difference between consecutive measured
using the DEFAULT mode until the change in mass of the mass loss does not exceed 0.01 % of the sample mass (M ) for
B
sample during three consecutive 1-min intervals does not three consecutive 1-min intervals. This point shall be deter-
exceed 0.01 % of the sample mass (M ). mined automatically by the furnace’s data collection system.
I
9.12 Measure and record the mass (M ) of the sample after 10.8 The furnace’s data collection system shall measure and
L
ignition to the nearest 0.1 g. The mass can be obtained record automatically the aggregate mass (M ) of the sample
A
immediately upon completion of the test from the printout or after ignition to the nearest 0.1 g. The mass shall be obtained
display. immediately upon completion of tests by subtracting the mass
9.13 Calculate the calibration factor (C ) as follows: loss measured by the furnace from the initial mass of the mix
F
(M ).
B
M – M
I L
C 5 3 100 – P (1)
F S D 10.9 The corrected asphalt content shall be calculated auto-
M
I
matically by the furnace’s data collection system as follows:
where:
M – M
B A
M = total mass of the mixture calibration sample prior to
% AC 5 3 100 – C (2)
S D
I F
M
B
ignition,
M = total mass of the mixture calibration sample after
where:
L
ignition, and
AC = measured asphalt content percent by mass of the
P = percentage of actual asphalt cement in the mix by
oven-dry HMA sample,
mass of the total mix expressed as a percentage.
M = total mass of aggregate remaining after ignition,
A
9.14 Repeat steps 9.8 through 9.13 for two additional M = total mass of the HMAsample prior to ignition, and
B
C = calibration factor obtained in Section 9 and entered
calibration samples. Calculate the average calibration factor
F
into the furnace’s data collection system.
(C ) by averaging the three C values.
F F
9.15 Calibration Temperature Adjustments—
TEST METHOD B
9.15.1 For the convection-type furnace, if the calibration
factor exceeds 1.0 %, lower the test temperature to 482 6 5°C
11. Apparatus
and repeat steps 9.2 through 9.14. Use the calibration factor
obtained at 482°C even if it exceeds 1.0 %. 11.1 In addition to the apparatus listed in Section 5, the
9.15.2 For the direct irradiation-type furnace, the DE- following apparatus is required for Test Method B.
FAULT burn profile should be used for most materials. The 11.1.1 Furnace, having a minimum temperature capability
operator may select burn profile OPTION 1 or OPTION 2 to of 580°C and equipped with a fan capable of pulling air
optimize the burn cycle. OPTION 1 is designed for aggregates through the furnace to expedite the test and to reduce escape of
with correction factor greater than 1.0 percent. OPTION 2 is smoke into the laboratory. The furnace chamber shall be of
designed for samples that may not burn completely using the sufficientsizetoaccommodatesamplessizesofatleast2500g.
DEFAULT burn profile. A system capable of reducing furnace emissions to an accept-
9.16 The temperature or burn profile for testing HMA ablelevelalsoshallbeincorporatedinthefurnace.Thefurnace
samples in 10.3 shall be the same temperature or burn profile shall be vented into a hood or to the outside, and when set up
selected for testing mixture calibration samples. properly, will have no noticeable odors escaping into the
laboratory. The furnace shall be equipped so that the door
10. Procedure
cannot be opened during the ignition test.
11.1.2 Filters, if required, of the type specified by the
10.1 Obtain an HMA sample in accordance with Section 7.
furnace manufacturer.
The sample mass should be approximately the same as that
used for calibration (9.2).
12. Calibration
10.2 Oven dry the HMA sample to constant mass at a
temperature of 110 6 5°C or determine the moisture content of 12.1 The results of this test method may be affected by the
samples in accordance with Test Method D1461, so that the type of aggregate in the mixture because different aggregates
measured mass loss can be corrected for moisture. lose mass on ignition to varying de
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