ASTM C217/C217M-15
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Weather Resistance of Slate
Standard Test Method for Weather Resistance of Slate
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is useful in indicating the differences in weather resistance between various slates. This test method also provides one element in the comparison of slates.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers two procedures for weather resistance of slate in all outdoor installations by determining the depth of softening by shear/scratch tester or by hand scraping.
Note 1: The test is based on the fact that slates containing pyrite, calcite, and carbon undergo a chemical weathering which results in the conversion of the calcite particles to gypsum. The swelling action that results causes disintegration of the slate. The extent of this action on various slates in the test has been found to correlate with the durability of the materials in actual weathering.
1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: C217/C217M − 15
StandardTest Method for
Weather Resistance of Slate
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C217/C217M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 5. Apparatus
1.1 This test method covers two procedures for weather 5.1 Either one of the following shall be used:
resistance of slate in all outdoor installations by determining 5.1.1 Shear/Scratch Tester, (see Fig. 1) with the shear
the depth of softening by shear/scratch tester or by hand hardness tool, Model S-20 , or its equivalent. The apparatus
scraping. includes a removable scale beam that is mounted on a pivotal
shaft projecting from an adjustable gage block that can be
NOTE 1—The test is based on the fact that slates containing pyrite,
raised or lowered, corresponding with the thickness of a test
calcite, and carbon undergo a chemical weathering which results in the
specimen up to 0.5 in. [12.7 mm]. The scale beam is set at an
conversion of the calcite particles to gypsum. The swelling action that
results causes disintegration of the slate. The extent of this action on
angle of 70° referencing the shaft it pivots on. A calibrated
various slates in the test has been found to correlate with the durability of
weight and sliding weight are mounted on the scale beam to
the materials in actual weathering.
achieve the desired load. Operated by an on/off switch, the
1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-
motorized turntable rotates counter clockwise at a constant
pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The
speed of 0.6 r/min.
values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents;
5.1.2 Hand Scraping Tool—The scraping tool shall be made
therefore,eachsystemshallbeusedindependentlyoftheother.
by grinding down the blade of a putty knife to a length of 3 in.
Combining values from the two systems may result in non- 3
[75 mm] and a width of ⁄4 in. [20 mm]. The end of the blade
conformance with the standard.
shall be ground to a plane surface perpendicular to the length
of the tool to form a sharp edge with either side of the blade.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
These sharp edges will be referred to as the “cutting edges.”
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
6. Sampling
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. 6.1 The samples shall be selected by the purchaser or his
authorized representative so as to be truly representative of the
2. Referenced Documents
consignment under consideration. Six shingles of roofing from
2.1 ASTM Standards:
each carload or fraction thereof or similar quantities from other
C119 Terminology Relating to Dimension Stone
kinds of slate shall constitute a sample.
3. Terminology NOTE 2—Six shingles 10 in. [250 mm] or more in length and of any
standard width are sufficient for this test.
3.1 Definitions—All definitions are in accordance with Ter-
minology C119.
7. Test Specimens
7.1 Prepare at least three specimens, each 2 by 4 in. [50 by
4. Significance and Use
100 mm] measured along the cleavage faces, for determining
4.1 Thistestmethodisusefulinindicatingthedifferencesin
the depth of softening in a 1 % solution of sulfuric acid. The 2
weather resistance between various slates. This test method
by 4 in. [50 by 100 mm] faces shall be ground smooth and
also provides one element in the comparison of slates.
finished with No. 80 abrasive. Specimens cut from sheared or
punched slate shall have no saw cut nearer than 1 in. [25 mm]
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C18 on
from the edges or nail holes.
Dimension Stone and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C18.01 on Test
NOTE 3—While the minimum of three specimens is acceptable,
Methods.
Current edition approved Jan. 15, 2015. Published February 2015. Originally
approved in 1948. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as C217/C217M–09.
DOI: 10.1520/C0217_C0217M-15. The sole source of supply known to the committee at this time is Taber
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Industries, North Tonawanda, NY. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM provide this information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee,
the ASTM website. which you may attend.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C217/C217M − 15
FIG. 1 Shear/Scratch Tester
evaluating six specimens per sample will provide greater confidence in NOTE 4—All measurements are to be taken normal to the surface of the
your test results. specimen. In lieu of measuring specimen thickness before and after
scraping, groove depth may be measured directly using surface metrology
8. Procedure with Shear/Scratch Tester
equipment.
8.1 In this procedure determine the depth of softening in
8.3 With a 2.2 lbf [10 N] load on the shearing tool, groove
acid with the shear/scratch tester (described in 5.1.1). The test
each specimen along the penciled arc by rotating the turntable
involves measuring the depth of a groove made by the shearing
in a counter clockwise direction.
tool in fresh specimens and also in the same specimens after
8.4 Repeat the thickness measurements at the same four
soaking 7 days in 1 % sulfuric acid.
points to determine the depth of groove made by the shearing
8.2 Draw with a pencil compass, on at least three of the 2 by
tool.
4 in. [50 by 100 mm] specimens, an arc of a circle of the same
8.5 Place the specimens in a glass vessel and completely
radius as that made by the shearing tool. Mark the arc at four
points to identify the position for taking thickness cover with 1 % sulfuric acid solution. Space the specimens in
measurements, as indicated in Fig. 2. Measure the thickness at the container so that the acid has free access to the 2 by 4 in.
each point to the nearest 0.0001 in. [0.002 mm]. [50 by 100 mm] faces. Pour off the acid solution each day and
FIG. 2 Diagram of Slate Specimen Prepared for Test with
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C217/C217M − 09 C217/C217M − 15
Standard Test Method for
Weather Resistance of Slate
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C217/C217M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers two procedures for weather resistance of slate in all outdoor installations by determining the depth
of softening by an abrasershear/scratch tester or by hand scraping.
NOTE 1—The test is based on the fact that slates containing pyrite, calcite, and carbon undergo a chemical weathering which results in the conversion
of the calcite particles to gypsum. The swelling action that results causes disintegration of the slate. The extent of this action on various slates in the test
has been found to correlate with the durability of the materials in actual weathering.
1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated
in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values
from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C119 Terminology Relating to Dimension Stone
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—All definitions are in accordance with Terminology C119.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 This test method is useful in indicating the differences in weather resistance between various slates. This test method also
provides one element in the comparison of slates.
5. Apparatus
5.1 Either one of the following shall be used:
5.1.1 Shear/Scratch Tester, (see Fig. 1Taber Model 203 or 502,) with the shear hardness tool, Model S-20 with the shear
hardness tool, Model S-20, or its equivalent., or its equivalent. The apparatus includes a removable scale beam that is mounted
on a pivotal shaft projecting from an adjustable gage block that can be raised or lowered, corresponding with the thickness of a
test specimen up to 0.5 in. [12.7 mm]. The scale beam is set at an angle of 70° referencing the shaft it pivots on. A calibrated weight
and sliding weight are mounted on the scale beam to achieve the desired load. Operated by an on/off switch, the motorized turntable
rotates counter clockwise at a constant speed of 0.6 r/min.
5.1.2 Hand Scraping Tool—The scraping tool shall be made by grinding down the blade of a putty knife to a length of 3 in.
[75 mm] and a width of ⁄4 in. [20 mm]. The end of the blade shall be ground to a plane surface perpendicular to the length of
the tool to form a sharp edge with either side of the blade. These sharp edges will be referred to as the “cutting edges.”
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C18 on Dimension Stone and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C18.01 on Test Methods.
Current edition approved April 1, 2009Jan. 15, 2015. Published April 2009February 2015. Originally approved in 1948. Last previous edition approved in 20042009 as
C217–94(2004).C217/C217M–09. DOI: 10.1520/C0217_C0217M-09.10.1520/C0217_C0217M-15.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
The sole source of supply of the apparatus (as described in the 1962 Bulletin 62203–502) known to the committee at this time is Taber Instrument Co., Industries, North
Tonawanda, NY. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful
consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee, which you may attend.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C217/C217M − 15
FIG. 1 Shear/Scratch Tester
6. Sampling
6.1 The samples shall be selected by the purchaser or his authorized representative so as to be truly representative of the
consignment under consideration. Six shingles of roofing from each carload or fraction thereof or similar quantities from other
kinds of slate shall constitute a sample.
NOTE 2—Six shingles 10 in. [250 mm] or more in length and of any standard width are sufficient for this test and also for modulus of rupture and
absorption tests.test.
7. Test Specimens
7.1 Prepare at least three specimens, each 2 by 4 in. [50 by 100 mm] measured along the cleavage faces, for determining the
depth of softening in a 1 % solution of sulfuric acid. The 2 by 4 in. [50 by 100 mm] faces shall be ground smooth and finished
with No. 80 abrasive. Specimens cut from sheared or punched slate shall have no saw cut nearer than 1 in. [25 mm] from the edges
or nail holes.
NOTE 3—While the minimum of three specimens is acceptable, evaluating six specimens per sample will provide greater confidence in your test results.
8. Procedure with Shear/Scratch Tester
8.1 In this procedure determine the depth of softening in acid with the shear/scratch tester (described in 5.1.1). The test involves
measuring the depth of a groove made by the shearing tool in fresh specimens and also in the same specimens after soaking 7 days
in 1 % sulfuric acid.
8.2 Draw with a pencil compass, on at least three of the 2 by 4 in. [50 by 100 mm] specimens, an arc of a circle of the same
radius as that made by the shearing tool. Mark eachthe arc at four points for to identify the position for taking thickness
measurements, as indicated in Fig. 12. Measure the thickness at each point to the nearest 0.0001 in. [0.002 mm]. With a 2.2 lbf
[10 N] load on the shearing tool, groove each specimen along the penciled arc by rotating the turntable slowly and steadily by hand
in a counter clockwise direction. Then repeat the thickness measurements at the same four points to determine the depth of groove
made by the shearing tool in fresh specimens.
NOTE 4—All measurements are to be taken normal to the surface of the specimen. In lieu of measuring specimen thickness before and after scraping,
groove depth may be measured directly using surface metrology equipment.
8.3 With a 2.2 lbf [10 N] load on the shearing tool, groove each specimen along the penciled arc by rotating the turntable in
a counter clockwise direction.
8.4 Repeat the thickness measurements at the same four points to determine the depth of groove made by the shearing tool.
8.5 Then put Place the specimens in a glass vessel and completely cover with 1 % sulfuric acid solution. Space the specimens
in the container so that the acid has free access to the 2 by 4 in. [50 by 100 mm] faces. Pour off the acid solution each day and
replace with fresh solution. At the end of 7 days remove the specimens from the acid, thoroughly wash with water, and dry for
24 h at 221 6 4°F [105 6 2°C].
NOTE 5— Example—A convenient means of d
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