ASTM D6824-02
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determining Filterability of Aviation Turbine Fuel
Standard Test Method for Determining Filterability of Aviation Turbine Fuel
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the filterability of aviation turbine fuels.
Note 1—ASTM specification fuels falling within the scope of this test method are Specification D 1655 and the military fuels covered in the military specifications listed in .
1.2 This test method is not applicable to fuels that contain undissolved water.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
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An American National Standard
Designation: D 6824 – 02
Standard Test Method for
Determining Filterability of Aviation Turbine Fuel
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6824; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E 1 Specification for ASTM Thermometers
2.2 Military Standards:
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the
MIL-DTL-5624 Turbine Fuel, Aviation, Grades JP-4, JP-5,
filterability of aviation turbine fuels.
and JP-5/JP-8 ST
NOTE 1—ASTM specification fuels falling within the scope of this test
MIL-DTL-25524 Turbine Fuel, Aviation, Thermally Stable
method are Specification D 1655 and the military fuels covered in the
MIL-DTL-38219 Turbine Fuels, Low Volatility, JP-7
military specifications listed in 2.2.
MIL-DTL-83133 Turbine Fuels, Aviation, Kerosine Types,
1.2 This test method is not applicable to fuels that contain
NATO F-34 (JP-8), NATO F-35, and JP-8+100
undissolved water.
3. Terminology
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
only.
3.1.1 filterability—a measure of the rapidity with which a
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
standard filter medium is plugged by insoluble matter in fuel
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
and can be described in the following ways:
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.1.1 filterability (by pressure)—the pressure drop across
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
a filter medium when 300 mL of fuel is passed at a rate of 20
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
mL/min.
3.1.1.2 filterability (by volume)—the volume of fuel passed
2. Referenced Documents
when 104 kPa (15 psi) is reached. This method of report is used
2.1 ASTM Standards:
when less than 300 mL passes at that pressure, 104 kPa (15
D 1655 Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuels
psi).
D 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
3.1.1.3 filterability quality factor (F-QF)—a value that de-
Petroleum Products
fines the filter plugging tendency of a fuel caused by particu-
D 4176 Test Method for Free Water and Particulate Con-
late. The value is calculated using the volume and pressure
tamination in Distillate Fuels (Visual Inspection Proce-
attained at the end of the test cycle. Depending on the outcome
dures)
of the test, two different equations are applied.
D 4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
3.1.1.4 Discussion—Eq 1 is applied if the total sample was
Petroleum Products
discharged prior to reaching the maximum pressure or Eq 2 if
D 4860 Test Method for Free Water and Particulate Con-
the maximum pressure was reached prior to discharging the
tamination in Mid-Distillate Fuels (Clear and Bright Nu-
entire sample. The equations proportion the results so that a
merical Rating)
continuous range of 0 to 100 is attained. Eq 1 yields values
D 5452 Test Method for Particulate Contamination in Avia-
from 50 to 100, whereas Eq 2 yields values from 0 to 50.
tion Fuels by Laboratory Filtration
Higher values signify less particulate that can plug a filter of a
D 6426 Test Method for Determining Filterability of
given pore size and porosity.
Middle Distillate Fuel Oils
(1) If the total sample, 300 mL, is discharged prior to
D 6615 Specification for Jet B Wide-Cut Aviation Turbine
reaching the maximum pressure, 104 kPa (15 psi), the F-QF is
Fuel
calculated by the following equation:
F2QF 5 @~15 psi 2 P !/15psi#@50# 1 @50# (1)
~300 mL at P~F! ~F!
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
where:
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.J0 on Aviation Fuels.
Current edition approved Aug. 10, 2002. Published October 2002.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01.
3 6
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.02. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.03.
4 7
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.03. Available from Standardization Document Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.04. Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
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D6824–02
pressure level. The apparatus is comprised of the following
P = final pressure when the total sample, 300 mL, was
(F)
parts:
discharged.
6.1.1 Peristaltic Pump, variable speed/flow rate, with feed-
(2) If the total sample is not discharged prior to reaching
back speed control, adjusted to provide fuel delivery at a
the maximum pressure, 104 kPa (15 psi), the F-QF is calcu-
constant rate of 20 6 1 mL/min, and incorporating a pulse
lated by the following equation:
dampening mechanism to produce a smooth flow.
F2QF at 15 psi 5 V / 6 (2)
~V~F! ~F!
6.1.2 Pressure Transducer, capable of measuring gage pres-
sure in the range from 0 to 104 kPa, in 1.0 kPa increments (0
where:
to 15 psi, in 0.1 psi increments).
V = final volume when the maximum pressure was
(F)
6.1.3 Three Digital Displays, one for pressure readout
reached.
capable of interfacing with transducer (see 6.1.2) with display
3.1.1.5 Discussion—The final volume (V ) is divided by 6,
(F)
range from 0 to 104 kPa in 1.0 kPa increments (0 to 15 psi in
since the maximum possible volume is 300 mL. By dividing by
0.1 psi increments), one for volume readout with display range
6, the values for that test result are proportioned to fit the range
from 0 to 300 mL in 1 mL increments, and one for filterability
from 0 to 50.
quality factor (F-QF).
4. Summary of Test Method
NOTE 2—The micro-filter analyzer can display the pressure in either
4.1 A sample is passed at a constant rate (20 mL/min)
kPa or psi units by changing an internal jumper wire.
through a standard porosity filter medium. The pressure drop
6.1.4 Speed Controller, manual speed adjustment of the
across the filter and the volume of filtrate are monitored. The
peristaltic pump to increase/decrease amount of sample deliv-
test is concluded either when the pressure drop across the filter
ered for a given period of time.
exceeds 104 kPa (15 psi) or when 300 mL have passed through
6.1.5 Fuel Reservoir Container, polytetrafluoroethylene
the filter.
(PTFE), funnel shaped, 500-mL capacity.
4.2 Results are reported as either the volume that has passed
6.1.6 Collection Container, glass or plastic Erlenmeyer
through the filter when a pressure of 104 kPa (15 psi) has been
flask, 500-mL capacity.
reached or the pressure drop when 300 mL have passed
6.1.7 Tygon Tubing , fuel compatible, 3.1-mm (0.12-in.)
through the filter.
inner diameter.
4.3 Verification of the apparatus is required when there is a
6.1.8 Plastic In-Line Splice Coupler, fuel compatible, ca-
doubt of a test result, or when the apparatus has not been used
pable of being inserted into, and making a seal in Tygon tubing
for three months or more. It is not necessary to verify apparatus
(see 6.1.7).
performance prior to each test.
6.1.9 Plastic Tee Coupler, fuel compatible, capable of being
inserted into, and making a seal in Tygon tubing (see 6.1.7).
5. Significance and Use
6.1.10 Plastic Luer-Loc Coupler, fuel compatible, one end
5.1 This test method is intended for use in the laboratory or
capable of being inserted into, and making a seal in Tygon
field in evaluating aviation turbine fuel cleanliness.
tubing (see 6.1.7) and the other end into the filter unit (see 6.2).
5.2 A change in filtration performance after storage, pre-
6.2 FCell Filter Unit, disposable, precalibrated assembly
treatment, or commingling can be indicative of changes in fuel
consisting of a shell and plug containing a 25-mm diameter
condition.
nylon membrane filter of nominal 0.65-μ pore size, nominal
5.3 Relative filterability of fuels may vary, depending on
60 % porosity, with a 158.9-mm effective filtering area.
filter porosity and structure, and may not always correlate with
6.3 Accessories for Apparatus Verification Test:
results from this test method.
6.3.1 Measuring Cylinder, 500-mL capacity, with 1-mL
5.4 Causes of poor filterability in industrial/refinery filters
graduations.
include fuel degradation products, contaminants picked up
6.3.2 Pressure Gage, 350-kPa (50-psi) capability, gradua-
during storage or transfer, incompatibility of commingled
tions 0.5 kPa (0.1 psi).
fuels, or interaction of the fuel with the filter media. Any of
6.3.3 Thermometer, general purpose type, with a range of 0
these could correlate with orifice or filter system plugging, or
to 60°C and conforming to the requirements prescribed in
both.
Specification E 1.
6. Apparatus
7. Sampling
6.1 Micro-Filter Analyzer —The apparatus is shown dia-
7.1 The fuel sample from which an aliquot is being drawn
grammatically in Fig. 1 and photographically in Fig. 2. It is
for the purposes of this test method shall be representative of
capable of measuring pressure upstream of the filtering element
the lot of fuel. Obtain the sample in accordance with the
and the volume of sample passed through the filter at a preset
procedures of Practices D 4057 or D 4177, and report (see
The sole source of supply of the apparatus (Model 1143 Micro-Filter Analyzer)
known to the committee at this time is available from EMCEE Electronics, Inc., 520 Tygon tubing was used in the round robin test program to generate the precision
Cypress Ave., Venice, FL 34292. If you are aware of alternate suppliers, please and bias. Tygon is available from most laboratory supply houses. This is not an
provide this information to ASTM Headquarters. Your comments will receive endorsement of Tygon.
1 10
careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee, which A registered trademark of EMCEE Electronics, Inc., 520 Cypress Ave., Venice,
you may attend. FL 34292.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D6824–02
NOTE—Fuel flow from reservoir through pump to container.
FIG. 1 Schematic Diagram of Filterability Apparatus
FIG. 2 Micro-Filter Analyzer
10.1) how and from where it was obtained. The maximum the temperature is between 15 and 25°C (59 and 77°F).
sample size is dictated by the quantity that can be mixed
8.2 Open the case, and assemble the apparatus as shown in
thoroughly (see 9.2). If any undissolved water is visually
Fig. 2. If the Tygon tubing (see 6.1.7) is not attached, as shown,
apparent (as determined by Test Methods D 4176 or D 4860, or
carry out 8.2.1 to 8.2.2.
both), discard and replace with a fresh sample.
8.2.1 Attach one end of the Tygon tubing to the fuel
7.2 After thoroughly mixing, if the original sample con-
reservoir container (6.1.5) and insert the plastic in-line splice
tainer is too large to easily handle, use an epoxy lined can or
coupler (6.1.8) into the other end.
dark glass bottle as a transfer container to store an aliquot of
8.2.2 Insert the plastic in-line coupler into another piece of
the test sample. Prior to drawing the aliquot, rinse the transfer
Tygon tubing, thread the tubing in the peristaltic pump (see
container three times with the product to be tested. Draw a
representative 1 to 2-L aliquot from the sample container into 6.1.1), as shown in Fig. 3, and clamp it in place by moving the
a transfer container. (Warning—Because the situations under lever arm counterclockwise.
which samples are taken vary from laboratory to laboratory and
NOTE 3—The splice fitting prevents the tubing from being pulled into
from situation to situation, no firm recommendation for sam-
the pump during operation. This also allows easy replacement of the
pling can be given. It is the responsibility of the user of this test
portion of the tubing that is depressed by the pump rollers. To extend the
method to ensure the aliquot used in the test is representative
life of the Tygon tubing, when not in use, leave the clamp open or remove
of the lot of fuel.)
the tubing from the pump.
8. Preparation of Apparatus
8.2.3 Insert one end of the horizontal section of the plastic
8.1 Locate the apparatus on a level surface in an area where tee coupler (6.1.9) into the tubing that is clamped in the pump,
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D6824–02
FIG. 3 Threading the Tubing in the Pump
and attach two other sections of tubing to the other parts of the from 15 to 25°C. Record the actual temperature. If any
tee. undissolved water is visually apparent in the fuel at this time,
8.2.4 Connect the tubing that is connected to the perpen- as determined by Test Methods D 4176 or D 4860, or both, the
dicular part of the tee to the pressure transducer. Insert the hose test shall be abandoned and the presence of water shall be
barbered portion of the Luer-Loc coupler (6.1.10) into the other reported.
section of tubing that is connected to the in-line part of the tee. 9.5 Place the end of the Tygon tubing with the Luer-Loc
8.3 Attach the power pack to the connector on the top of the Coupler (see 6.1.10) into the collection container (see 6.1.6).
case, and connect the power pack to an ac power source. Turn 9.6 Press and release the PURGE pushbutton. Approxi-
the instrument on by depressing the ON switch, causing both mately 40 mL will be drawn from the fuel reservoir through the
the POWER and MODE A lights to illuminate. Tygon tubing and discharged into the collection container, thus
8.4 Have a labeled FCell filter (see 6.2) ready for use. purging the air and any residual fuel from the system. The fuel
8.5 Verification of Apparatus—As required in accordance flow will automatically cease at the end of the purge cycle (2
with 4.3, verify apparatus performance by checking that the min).
flow rate and the pressure transducer are within tolerance. 9.7 After the purge cycle, insert the Luer-Loc coupler
8.5.1 Check the flow rate by performing a purge cycle to affixed to the Tygon tubing into a precalibrated FCell filter (see
eliminate any air from the system. Subsequently, perform a test 6.2) and place the filter into t
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