ASTM D4890-13
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Polyurethane Raw Materials: Determination of Gardner and APHA Color of Polyols
Standard Test Methods for Polyurethane Raw Materials: Determination of Gardner and APHA Color of Polyols
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 These test methods are suitable for quality control, as specification tests, and for research. Color is an important property of urethane products.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods measure visually the color of clear polyester and polyether liquids. They apply only to materials whose colors have light-absorption characteristics similar to those of the standards. An alternative method is Test Method D1209 (see Note 1).
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Note 1—Test Method A of this standard is equivalent to ISO 6271-1. Test Method B of this standard is equivalent to ISO 4630-1.
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Designation: D4890 − 13
Standard Test Methods for
Polyurethane Raw Materials: Determination of Gardner and
1
APHA Color of Polyols
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4890; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* E691Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
1.1 These test methods measure visually the color of clear
E1164PracticeforObtainingSpectrometricDataforObject-
polyester and polyether liquids. They apply only to materials
Color Evaluation
whose colors have light-absorption characteristics similar to
3
2.2 ISO Standards:
those of the standards. An alternative method is Test Method
ISO4630-1Clear Liquids—Estimation of Colour by the
D1209 (see Note 1).
Gardner Colour Scale—Part 1: Visual Method
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded
ISO4630-2Clear Liquids—Estimation of Colour by the
asstandard.Nootherunitsofmeasurementareincludedinthis
Gardner Colour Scale—Part 2: Spectroscopic Method
standard.
ISO6271-1Clear Liquids—Estimation of Color by the
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the Platinum-Cobalt Scale—Part 1: Visual Method
ISO6271-2Clear Liquids—Estimation of Color by the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- Platinum-Cobalt Scale—Part 2: Spectroscopic Method
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3. Terminology
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1 For definitions of terms used in these test methods see
NOTE 1—Test Method A of this standard is equivalent to ISO6271-1.
Terminology D883.
Test Method B of this standard is equivalent to ISO 4630-1.
4. Summary of Test Method
2. Referenced Documents
2 4.1 In Test MethodA, the color of the material to be tested
2.1 ASTM Standards:
is compared to a series of color standards with defined
D883Terminology Relating to Plastics
chromicity coordinates, prepared on one of three ways. The
D1193Specification for Reagent Water
results are reported as the color standard, which best matches
D1209Test Method for Color of Clear Liquids (Platinum-
the sample.
Cobalt Scale)
D5386Test Method for Color of Liquids Using Tristimulus
4.2 In Test Method B, the color of the material to be tested
Colorimetry is compared to a series of platinum-cobalt color standards,
D6166Test Method for Color of Pine Chemicals and Re-
designatedbymgofPt/mLofstandardsolution.Theresultsare
lated Products (Instrumental Determination of Gardner reported as the color standard, which best matches the sample
Color)
(see Note 2).
E177Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
NOTE 2—Color of liquids are also measured by visible spectroscopy
ASTM Test Methods
and the results converted to any of several color scales. These results are
E308PracticeforComputingtheColorsofObjectsbyUsing
convertedtotheAPHAscalebyappropriatemanipulations,asforexample
the CIE System inTestMethodD5386andISO6271-2.Theseresultsareconvertedtothe
Gardner scale by appropriate manipulations, as for example in Test
Method ISO 4630-2.
1
ThesetestmethodsareunderthejurisdictionofCommitteeD20onPlasticsand
5. Significance and Use
arethedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD20.22onCellularMaterials-Plastics
and Elastomers.
5.1 These test methods are suitable for quality control, as
Current edition approved April 1, 2013. Published April 2013. Originally
specification tests, and for research. Color is an important
approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D4890-06. DOI:
10.1520/D4890-13.
property of urethane products.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
the ASTM website. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4890 − 13
TABLE 1 Gardner Reference Standard Color Solutions
A
Potassium
Chromaticity Coordinates Iron-Cobalt Solutions
Potassium
Gardner Color Standard Chloroplatinate,
Dichromate, g/100 mL
Ferric Chloride Cobalt Chloride
Number g/1000 mL of 0.1
B
Yx y Hydrochloric Acid, mL
Sulfuric Acid
Solution, mL Solution, mL
N HCl
1 80 0.3177 0.3303 0.550 . . . . . . .
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4890 − 06 D4890 − 13
Standard Test Methods for
Polyurethane Raw Materials: Determination of Gardner and
1
APHA Color of Polyols
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4890; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 These test methods measure visually the color of clear polyester and polyether liquids. They apply only to materials whose
colors have light-absorption characteristics similar to those of the standards. An alternative method is Test Method D1209 (see
Note 1).
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
NOTE 1—Although Test Method A of these test methods and ISO 4630-1:2004 differ in some details, data obtained using either are technically
equivalent. Although this standard is equivalent to ISO 6271-1. Test Method B of these test methods and ISO 6271-1981 differ in some details, data
obtained using either are technically equivalent. this standard is equivalent to ISO 4630-1.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D1209 Test Method for Color of Clear Liquids (Platinum-Cobalt Scale)
D5386 Test Method for Color of Liquids Using Tristimulus Colorimetry
D6166 Test Method for Color of Pine Chemicals and Related Products (Instrumental Determination of Gardner Color)
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
E308 Practice for Computing the Colors of Objects by Using the CIE System
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
E1164 Practice for Obtaining Spectrometric Data for Object-Color Evaluation
3
2.2 ISO Standards:
ISO 4630-1:2004ISO 4630-1 Estimation Clear Liquids—Estimation of Colour by the Gardner Colour Scale—Part 1: Visual
Method
ISO 4630-2:2004ISO 4630-2 Clear Liquids—Estimation of Colour by the Gardner Colour Scale—Part 2: Spectroscopic Method
ISO 6271-1981ISO 6271-1 Clear Liquids—Estimation of Color by the Platinum-Cobalt ScaleScale—Part 1: Visual Method
ISO 6271-2 Clear Liquids—Estimation of Color by the Platinum-Cobalt Scale—Part 2: Spectroscopic Method
3. Terminology
3.1 For definitions of terms used in these test methods see Terminology D883.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 In Test Method A, the color of the material to be tested is compared to a series of color standards with defined chromicity
coordinates, prepared on one of three ways. The results are reported as the color standard, which best matches the sample.
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of Committee D20 on Plastics and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.22 on Cellular Materials - Plastics
and Elastomers.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2006April 1, 2013. Published September 2006April 2013. Originally approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 19982006 as
D4890 - 98D4890 - 06.(2003). DOI: 10.1520/D4890-06.10.1520/D4890-13.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.10036, http://www.ansi.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4890 − 13
4.2 In Test Method B, the color of the material to be tested is compared to a series of platinum-cobalt color standards, designated
by mg of Pt/mL of standard solution. The results are reported as the color standard, which best matches the sample (see Note 2).
NOTE 2—Color of liquids are also can be measured by visible spectroscopy and the results converted to any of several color scales
...
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