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ASTM D887-13(2022)

(Practice)

Standard Practices for Sampling Water-Formed Deposits

Standard Practices for Sampling Water-Formed Deposits

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The goal of sampling is to obtain for analysis a portion of the whole that is representative. The most critical factors are the selection of sampling areas and number of samples, the method used for sampling, and the maintenance of the integrity of the sample prior to analysis. Analysis of water-formed deposits should give valuable information concerning cycle system chemistry, component corrosion, erosion, the failure mechanism, the need for chemical cleaning, the method of chemical cleaning, localized cycle corrosion, boiler carryover, flow patterns in a turbine, and the rate of radiation build-up. Some sources of water-formed deposits are cycle corrosion products, make-up water contaminants, and condenser cooling water contaminants.
SCOPE
1.1 These practices cover the sampling of water-formed deposits for chemical, physical, biological, or radiological analysis. The practices cover both field and laboratory sampling. It also defines the various types of deposits. The following practices are included:    
Sections  
Practice A—Sampling Water-Formed Deposits From Tubing
of Steam Generators and Heat Exchangers  
8 to 10  
Practice B—Sampling Water-Formed Deposits From Steam
Turbines  
11 to 14  
1.2 The general procedures of selection and removal of deposits given here can be applied to a variety of surfaces that are subject to water-formed deposits. However, the investigator must resort to his individual experience and judgment in applying these procedures to his specific problem.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.See Section 7, 9.8, 9.8.4.6, and 9.14 for specific hazards statements.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
30-Jun-2022
ICS
13.060.30 - Sewage water
Technical Committee
D19 - Water
Drafting Committee
D19.03 - Sampling Water and Water-Formed Deposits, Analysis of Water for Power Generation and Process Use, On-Line Water Analysis, and Surveillance of Water
Current Stage
Ref Project

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ASTM D887-13(2022) - Standard Practices for Sampling Water-Formed Deposits
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D887 − 13 (Reapproved 2022)
Standard Practices for
1
Sampling Water-Formed Deposits
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D887; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 These practices cover the sampling of water-formed
D512 Test Methods for Chloride Ion In Water (Withdrawn
deposits for chemical, physical, biological, or radiological
3
2021)
analysis. The practices cover both field and laboratory sam-
pling. It also defines the various types of deposits. The D934 Practices for Identification of Crystalline Compounds
in Water-Formed Deposits By X-Ray Diffraction (With-
following practices are included:
3
drawn 2022)
Sections
Practice A—Sampling Water-Formed Deposits From Tubing 8to10 D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
of Steam Generators and Heat Exchangers
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
Practice B—Sampling Water-Formed Deposits From Steam 11 to 14
D1245 Practice for Examination of Water-Formed Deposits
Turbines
by Chemical Microscopy
1.2 The general procedures of selection and removal of
D1293 Test Methods for pH of Water
deposits given here can be applied to a variety of surfaces that
D2331 Practices for Preparation and Preliminary Testing of
aresubjecttowater-formeddeposits.However,theinvestigator
Water-Formed Deposits
must resort to his individual experience and judgment in
D2332 Practice for Analysis of Water-Formed Deposits by
applying these procedures to his specific problem.
Wavelength-Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
D3483 TestMethodsforAccumulatedDepositioninaSteam
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
Generator Tube
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
D4412 Test Methods for Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria inWater
and are not considered standard.
and Water-Formed Deposits
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3. Terminology
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.1 biological deposits, n—water-formed deposits of or-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
ganisms or the products of their life processes.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.See
3.1.1.1 Discussion- The biological deposits may be com-
Section7,9.8,9.8.4.6,and9.14forspecifichazardsstatements.
posed of microscopic organisms, as in slimes, or of macro-
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
scopic types such as barnacles or mussels. Slimes are usually
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
composed of deposits of a gelatinous or filamentous nature.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3.1.2 corrosion products, n—a result of chemical or electro-
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
chemical reaction between a metal and its environment.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
3.1.2.1 Discussion—A corrosion deposit resulting from the
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
action of water, such as rust, usually consists of insoluble
material deposited on or near the corroded area; corrosion
1
These practices are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water
2
and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.03 on Sampling Water and For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Water-Formed Deposits, Analysis of Water for Power Generation and Process Use, contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
On-Line Water Analysis, and Surveillance of Water. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved July 1, 2022. Published July 2022. Originally approved the ASTM website.
3
in 1946. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D887 – 13. DOI: 10.1520/ The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
D0887-13R22. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D887 − 13 (2022)
products may, however, be deposited a considerable distance all reagents shall conform to the specifications of the Commit-
from the point at
...

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ASTM D934-22(Practice)
Standard Practices for Identification of Crystalline Compounds in Water-Formed Deposits By X-Ray Diffraction

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5.1 The identification of the crystalline structures in water-formed deposits assists in the determination of the deposit sources and mode of deposition. This information may lead to measures for the elimination or reduction of the water-formed deposits.
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5.1 Flume designs are available for throat sizes of 1 in. (2.54 cm) to 50 ft (15.2 m) which cover maximum flows of 0.2 to 3000 ft3/s (0.0057 to 85 m3/s) (1) and (2).4 They can therefore be applied to a wide range of flows, with head losses that are moderate.  
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Standard Practice for Analysis of Water-Formed Deposits by Wavelength-Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence

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5.1 Certain elements present in water-formed deposits are identified. Concentration levels of the elements are estimated.  
5.2 Deposit analysis assists in providing proper water conditioning.  
5.3 Deposits formed from or by water in all its phases may be further classified as scale, sludge, corrosion products, or biological deposits. The overall composition of a deposit or some part of a deposit may be determined by chemical or spectrographic analysis; the constituents actually present as chemical substances may be identified by microscope or X-ray diffraction studies. Organisms may be identified by microscopical or biological methods.
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5.1 This practice is intended as a solution to the difficulty of obtaining reproducible test results from heterogeneous samples.  
5.2 This practice works best with multilayered liquids, but can also be applied to samples with solid particles that are sufficiently small in size to be suspended in an emulsion.  
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5.1 Domestic wastewater headspace environments are corrosive due to the presence of sewer gases and sulfuric acid generated during the biogenic sulfide corrosion process.5 This operating procedure provides an accelerated exposure to sewer gases and concentration of sulfuric acid commonly produced by bacteria within these sewer environments.6  
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1.1 This practice covers the basic apparatus, procedures, and conditions required to create and maintain the severe wastewater analysis testing apparatus used for testing a protective coating or lining.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers procedures for obtaining data concerning toxicity and other effects of a test material to a multi-trophic level freshwater community, independent of the location of the test.  
1.2 These procedures also might be useful for studying the fate of test materials and transformation products, although modifications and additional analytical procedures might be necessary.  
1.3 Modification of these procedures might be justified by special needs or circumstances. Although using appropriate procedures is more important than following prescribed procedures, results of tests conducted using unusual procedures are not likely to be comparable to results of many other tests. Comparison of results obtained using modified and unmodified versions of these procedures might provide useful information concerning new concepts and procedures for conducting multi-trophic level tests.  
1.4 This practice is arranged as follows:    
Section  
Referenced Documents  
2  
Terminology  
3  
Summary of Practice  
4  
Significance and Use  
5  
Apparatus  
6  
Facilities  
6.1  
Container  
6.2  
Equipment  
6.3  
Hazards  
7  
Microcosm Components  
8  
Medium  
8.1  
Medium Preparation  
8.2  
Sediment  
8.3  
Microcosm Assembly  
8.4  
Test Material  
9  
General  
9.1  
Stock Solution  
9.2  
Nutrient Control  
9.3  
Test Organisms  
10  
Algae  
10.1  
Animals  
10.2  
Specificity of Organisms  
10.3  
Sources  
10.4  
Algal Culture Maintenance  
10.5  
Animal Culture Maintenance  
10.6  
Procedure  
11  
Experimental Design  
11.1  
Inoculation  
11.2  
Culling  
11.3  
Addition of Test Material  
11.4  
Measurements  
11.5  
Reinoculations  
11.6  
Analytical Methodology  
12  
Data Processing  
13  
Calculations of Variables from Measurements  
14  
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Standard Guide for Selection of Test Methods to Determine Rate of Fluid Permeation Through Geomembranes for Specific Applications

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The principal characteristic of geomembranes is their intrinsically low permeability to a broad range of gases, vapors, and liquids, both as single-component fluids and as complex mixtures of many constituents. As low-permeable materials, geomembranes are being used in a wide range of engineering applications in geotechnical, environmental, and transportation areas as barriers to control the migration of mobile fluids and their constituents. The range of potential permeants is broad and the service conditions can differ greatly. This guide shows users test methods available for determining the permeability of geomembranes to various permeants.  
5.2 The transmission of various species through a geomembrane is subject to many factors that must be assessed in order to be able to predict its effectiveness for a specific service. Permeability measurements are affected by test conditions, and measurements made by one method cannot be translated from one application to another. A wide variety of permeability tests have been devised to measure the permeability of polymeric materials; however, only a limited number of these procedures have been applied to geomembranes. Test conditions and procedures should be selected to reflect actual service requirements as closely as possible. It should be noted that field conditions may be difficult to model or maintain in the laboratory. This may impact apparent performance of geomembrane samples.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers selecting one or more appropriate test methods to assess the permeability of all candidate geomembranes for a proposed specific application to various permeants. The widely different uses of geomembranes as barriers to the transport and migration of different gases, vapors, and liquids under different service conditions require determinations of permeability by test methods that relate to and simulate the service. Geomembranes are nonporous, homogeneous materials that are permeable in varying degrees to gases, vapors, and liquids on a molecular scale in a three-step process by: (1) dissolution in or absorption by the geomembrane on the upstream side, (2) diffusion through the geomembrane, and (3) desorption on the downstream side of the barrier.  
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1.1 This specification covers the minerology, specific gravity, and particle size distributions (PSDs) of silica-based sediments to be used in the laboratory performance testing of stormwater treatment devices as well as criteria defining acceptable error for the target PSDs.  
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1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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