ASTM F1616-95(2009)
(Guide)Standard Guide for Scope of Performance of First Responders Who Practice in the Wilderness or Delayed or Prolonged Transport Settings
Standard Guide for Scope of Performance of First Responders Who Practice in the Wilderness or Delayed or Prolonged Transport Settings
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This guide is intended to expand the scope of the practice of first responders and improve the emergency medical care delivered to patients in the wilderness or delayed or prolonged transport settings.
This guide does not suggest a particular performance sequence.
Individuals will be trained initially or concurrently in accordance with the U.S. DOT HS 900-25, Course Guide, and Guide F 1453.
This guide may be used by individuals who develop training programs for nontraditional EMS environments.
This guide acknowledges the need for additional or specific training required for the wilderness or delayed or prolonged transport settings.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers minimum performance requirements for first responders who may initially provide care for sick or injured persons in the specialized pre-hospital situations of the wilderness or delayed or prolonged transport settings, including catastrophic disasters.
1.2 Individuals who will operate in the wilderness or delayed or prolonged transport settings need to be aware of the physical requirements necessary to be able to perform all identified objectives and necessary skills required for the setting.
1.3 This guide establishes supplemental or continuing education programs that will be taught to individuals trained to the first responder level by an appropriate authority.
1.4 This guide does not establish performance standards for use in the traditional emergency medical services (EMS) or ambulance transportation environment.
1.5 This guide does not establish medical protocols; nor does it authorize invasive procedures without specific authorization and medical control.
1.6 Successful completion of a course based on this guide does not constitute or imply certification or licensure.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: F1616 − 95(Reapproved 2009)
Standard Guide for
Scope of Performance of First Responders Who Practice in
the Wilderness or Delayed or Prolonged Transport Settings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1616; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope F1177 Terminology Relating to Emergency Medical Ser-
vices
1.1 This guide covers minimum performance requirements
F1287 Guide for Scope of Performance of First Responders
for first responders who may initially provide care for sick or
Who Provide Emergency Medical Care
injured persons in the specialized pre-hospital situations of the
F1453 Guide for Training and Evaluation of First Respond-
wilderness or delayed or prolonged transport settings, includ-
ers Who Provide Emergency Medical Care
ing catastrophic disasters.
F1490 Terminology Relating to Search and Rescue (With-
1.2 Individuals who will operate in the wilderness or de-
drawn 2011)
layed or prolonged transport settings need to be aware of the
2.2 Code of Federal Regulations:
physical requirements necessary to be able to perform all
Title 29, Part 1910.1030, Bloodborne Pathogens
identified objectives and necessary skills required for the
2.3 Department of Transportation Document:
setting.
U.S. DOT HS 900-25, Course Guide, Emergency Medical
1.3 This guide establishes supplemental or continuing edu-
Services: First Responder Training Course, 1979
cation programs that will be taught to individuals trained to the
first responder level by an appropriate authority. 3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
1.4 This guide does not establish performance standards for
use in the traditional emergency medical services (EMS) or 3.1.1 access—the process of reaching the patient/subject
and establishing physical contact.
ambulance transportation environment.
3.1.2 basic life support/cardiopulmonary resuscitation
1.5 This guide does not establish medical protocols; nor
(BLS/CPR)—a set of skills that includes airway management,
does it authorize invasive procedures without specific authori-
chest compressions, and others as defined by the American
zation and medical control.
Heart Association (AHA).
1.6 Successful completion of a course based on this guide
3.1.3 definitive care (see Terminology F1177)—a level of
does not constitute or imply certification or licensure.
therapeutic intervention capable of providing comprehensive
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
health care services for a specific condition.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.4 evacuation (see Terminology F1490)—the process
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
used between the time of extraction and transportation.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1.5 extraction (see Terminology F1490)—the process of
initial assessment, treatment, stabilization, and packaging of
2. Referenced Documents
the patient/subject as well as removal of the patient/subject
from the immediately hazardous environment.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1.6 first responder—an individual trained to meet the
requirements of Guide F1287.
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F30 on Emergency
3.1.7 transportation—the use of a specially designed ve-
Medical Services and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F30.02 on
hicle to move a patient to a medical facility or definitive care
Personnel, Training and Education.
facility.
Current edition approved March 1, 2009. Published March 2009. Originally
approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as F1616 – 95(2002).
DOI: 10.1520/F1616-95R09.
2 3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM www.astm.org.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on AvailablefromStandardizationDocumentsOrderDesk,Bldg.4SectionD,700
the ASTM website. Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, Attn: NPODS.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F1616 − 95 (2009)
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: 5.1.4 Identify and manage illness or injury related to or
3.2.1 delayed or prolonged transport setting— when the caused by the environment in the wilderness or delayed or
time between patient injury and arrival at a definitive care prolonged transport settings, including the following:
facility is greater than 60 min. 5.1.4.1 Altitude illness (for example, acute mountain
sickness, high-altitude pulmonary edema, and high-altitude
3.2.2 nontraditional EMS environment—an environment
cerebral edema);
that is not readily accessible to a ground ambulance.
5.1.4.2 Barotrauma;
3.2.3 wilderness first responder (WFR)—an individual
5.1.4.3 Cold injury (for example, hypothermia and frost-
trained to meet the requirements of this guide.
bite);
3.2.4 wilderness setting—situations in which the delivery of
5.1.4.4 Heat illness (heat stroke and heat exhaustion);
patient care by EMS providers is complicated by one or more
5.1.4.5 Electrical and lightning injuries;
of the following factors: (1) remoteness with respect to
5.1.4.6 Exposure to plant or animal (for example, insect,
logistics and access; (2) a significant delay in the delivery of
reptile, arachnid, and marine) toxins;
care to the patient; (3) an environment that is physically
5.1.4.7 Drowning, near-drowning, and cold water immer-
stressful to both patients and rescuers; and (4) lack of
sion; and
equipment, supplies, and transportation.
5.1.4.8 Dehydration.
5.1.5 Understand the proper disinfection of water, and
4. Significance and Use
identify and manage illnesses associated with improper water
4.1 This guide is intended to expand the scope of the
disinfection.
practiceoffirstrespondersan
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:F1616–95 (Reapproved2002)
Standard Guide for
Scope of Performance of First Responders Who Practice in
the Wilderness or Delayed or Prolonged Transport Settings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1616; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide covers minimum performance requirements for first responders who may initially provide care for sick or injured
persons in the specialized pre-hospital situations of the wilderness or delayed or prolonged transport settings, including
catastrophic disasters.
1.2 Individuals who will operate in the wilderness or delayed or prolonged transport settings need to be aware of the physical
requirements necessary to be able to perform all identified objectives and necessary skills required for the setting.
1.3 This guide establishes supplemental or continuing education programs that will be taught to individuals trained to the first
responder level by an appropriate authority.
1.4 This guide does not establish performance standards for use in the traditional emergency medical services (EMS) or
ambulance transportation environment.
1.5 This guide does not establish medical protocols; nor does it authorize invasive procedures without specific authorization and
medical control.
1.6 Successful completion of a course based on this guide does not constitute or imply certification or licensure.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
F 1177 Terminology Relating to Emergency Medical Services
F 1287 Guide for Scope of Performance of First Responders Who Provide Medical Care
F 1453 Guide for the Training and Evaluation of First Responders Who Provide Emergency Medical Care
F 1490 Terminology Relating to Search and Rescue
2.2 Code of Federal Regulations:
Title 29, Part 1910.1030, Bloodborne Pathogens
2.3 Department of Transportation Document:
U.S. DOT HS 900-25, Course Guide, Emergency Medical Services: First Responder Training Course , 1979
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 access—the process of reaching the patient/subject and establishing physical contact.
3.1.2 basic life support/cardiopulmonary resuscitation (BLS/CPR)—a set of skills that includes airway management, chest
compressions, and others as defined by the American Heart Association (AHA).
3.1.3 definitive care (see Terminology F 1177) —a level of therapeutic intervention capable of providing comprehensive health
care services for a specific condition.
3.1.4 evacuation (see Terminology F 1490) —the process used between the time of extraction and transportation.
3.1.5 extraction (see Terminology F 1490) —the process of initial assessment, treatment, stabilization, and packaging of the
patient/subject as well as removal of the patient/subject from the immediately hazardous environment.
3.1.6 first responder—an individual trained to meet the requirements of Guide F 1287.
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F30 on Emergency Medical Services and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F30.02 on Personnel,
Training, and Education.
Current edition approved Aug. 15, 1995. Published October 1995.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 13.02.
Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, Attn: NPODS.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
F1616–95 (2002)
3.1.7 transportation—the use of a specially designed vehicle to move a patient to a medical facility or definitive care facility.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 delayed or prolonged transport setting— when the time between patient injury and arrival at a definitive care facility is
greater than 60 min.
3.2.2 nontraditional EMS environment—an environment that is not readily accessible to a ground ambulance.
3.2.3 wilderness first responder (WFR)—an individual trained to meet the requirements of this guide.
3.2.4 wilderness setting—situations in which the delivery of patient care by EMS providers is complicated by one or more of
the following factors: (1) remoteness with respect to logistics and access; (2) a significant delay in the delivery of care to the
patient; (3) an environment that is physically stressful to both patients and rescuers; and ( 4) lack of equipment, supplies, and
transportation.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 This guide is intended to expand the scope of the practice of first responders and improve the emergency medical care
delivered to patients in the wilderness or delayed or prolonged transport settings.
4.2 This guide does not suggest a particular performance sequence.
4.3 Individuals will be trained initially or concurrently in accordance with the U.S. DOT HS 900-25, Course Guide, and Guide
F 1453.
4.4 This guide may be used by individuals who develop training programs for nontraditional EMS environments.
4.5 This guide acknowledges the need for additional or specific training required for the wilderness or delayed or prolonged
transport settings.
5. Required Objectives
5.1 The WFRs shall be able to accomplish the following:
5.1.1 Identify specific subjects included within the scope of Guide F 1287, where traditional patient care is not sufficient or
appropriate, due to a pat
...
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