ASTM F510/F510M-13
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Resistance to Abrasion of Resilient Floor Coverings Using an Abrader with a Grit Feed Method
Standard Test Method for Resistance to Abrasion of Resilient Floor Coverings Using an Abrader with a Grit Feed Method
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 When subjected to normal in-use traffic conditions, a flooring material is exposed to abrasion caused by the destructive action of fine hard particles. This situation occurs whenever loose debris, dirt and other particulate matter exists between traffic bodies (that is, shoes and a flooring surface). Under continuing exposure to an “abrasive action,” a flooring material may suffer a thickness loss sufficient to reduce its service life.
4.2 Abrasion resistance measurements of resilient floor coverings can be complicated since the resistance to abrasion is affected by many factors. These may include the physical properties of the material in the floor covering surface, particularly its hardness and resilience; type and degree of added substances, such as fillers and pigments; surface characteristics of the specimen, such as type, depth, and amount of embossing. It can also be affected by conditions of the test, including the type and characteristics of the abradant and how it acts on the area of the specimen being abraded; pressure between the specimen and leather clad brass wheels; and vacuum suction.
4.3 This test method is designed to simulate one kind of abrasive action and abradant that a flooring may encounter in the field. However, results should not be used as an absolute index of ultimate life because, as noted, there are too many factors and interactions to consider. Also involved are the many different types of service locations. Therefore, the data from this test method are of value chiefly in the development of materials and should not be used without qualifications as a basis for commercial comparisons.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method2 describes a laboratory procedure for determining the abrasion resistance of resilient flooring using an abrader with a grit feeder.3
1.2 The equipment used in this test method is a modification of the Taber abraser. The regular abrading wheels are replaced by leather clad brass wheels (rollers). As the specimen holder rotates, a grit-feeding device feeds 240-mesh aluminum oxide grit onto the specimen before it passes under the leather clad brass wheels. Using the vacuum system incorporated in the apparatus, the used grit and abraded material are removed after passing under both wheels.
1.3 This test method employs a rotary, rubbing action caused by loose abrasive grit and the two abrading wheels. One wheel rubs the specimen from the center outward and the other from the outside toward the center. The wheels traverse a complete circle and have an abrasive action on the rotating specimen at all angles. This action approaches the twisting action between shoe and floor that occurs when a person turns. The use of loose grit serves the function of an abradant and also aids in the rolling action characteristic of normal walking.
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: F510/F510M − 13
StandardTest Method for
Resistance to Abrasion of Resilient Floor Coverings Using
1
an Abrader with a Grit Feed Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F510/F510M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
2 priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
1.1 This test method describes a laboratory procedure for
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
determining the abrasion resistance of resilient flooring using
3
an abrader with a grit feeder.
2. Referenced Documents
4
1.2 Theequipmentusedinthistestmethodisamodification
2.1 ASTM Standards:
of the Taber abraser. The regular abrading wheels are replaced
D1860Test Method for Moisture and Creosote-Type Preser-
5
by leather clad brass wheels (rollers). As the specimen holder
vative in Wood (Withdrawn 2006)
rotates, a grit-feeding device feeds 240-mesh aluminum oxide
D792Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Rela-
grit onto the specimen before it passes under the leather clad
tive Density) of Plastics by Displacement
brass wheels. Using the vacuum system incorporated in the
E122PracticeforCalculatingSampleSizetoEstimate,With
apparatus,theusedgritandabradedmaterialareremovedafter
Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a
passing under both wheels.
Lot or Process
G195Guide for Conducting Wear Tests Using a Rotary
1.3 This test method employs a rotary, rubbing action
Platform Abraser
causedbylooseabrasivegritandthetwoabradingwheels.One
2.2 ANSI Standard:
wheelrubsthespecimenfromthecenteroutwardandtheother
B74.12Checking the Size of Abrasive Grain for Grinding
from the outside toward the center. The wheels traverse a
6
Wheels, Polishing, and General Industrial Uses
complete circle and have an abrasive action on the rotating
specimen at all angles. This action approaches the twisting
3. Terminology
action between shoe and floor that occurs when a person turns.
3.1 Definitions:
Theuseofloosegritservesthefunctionofanabradantandalso
3.1.1 abrasion—of resilient floor coverings, a form of wear,
aids in the rolling action characteristic of normal walking.
in which a gradual removing of a flooring surface is caused by
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
the frictional action of relatively fine hard particles.
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
3.1.2 resistance to abrasion— of resilient floor coverings,
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
the ability of a material to withstand mechanical actions of
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
relatively fine hard particles, which by rubbing, scraping, and
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
eroding remove material from a floor covering surface.
with the standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the 4. Significance and Use
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.1 When subjected to normal in-use traffic conditions, a
flooring material is exposed to abrasion caused by the destruc-
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeF06onResilient
tive action of fine hard particles. This situation occurs when-
Floor Coveringsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F06.30 on Test
ever loose debris, dirt and other particulate matter exists
Methods - Performance.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2013. Published December 2013. Originally
4
approved in 1978. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as F510–93(2008). DOI: For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
10.1520/F0510_F0510M-13. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
2
This test method is described by W. E. Irwin in “Development of a Method to Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
MeasureWearonResilientFlooring,” Journal of Testing and Evaluation,Vol4,No. the ASTM website.
5
1, January 1976, pp. 15–20. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
3
This grit feed method is frequently referred to as the “Frick Grit Feed Method” www.astm.org.
6
becauseitisbasedonworkdonebyOttoF.V.Frickasdescribedin“StudiesofWear Available from American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd St., 4th
on Flooring Materials,” Wear, Vol 14, 1969, pp. 119–131. Floor, New York, NY 10036.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: F510 − 93 (Reapproved 2008) F510/F510M − 13
Standard Test Method for
Resistance to Abrasion of Resilient Floor Coverings Using
1
an Abrader with a Grit Feed Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F510;F510/F510M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
2
1.1 This test method covers thedescribes a laboratory procedure for determining the abrasion resistance of resilient flooring
3
using an abrader with a grit feeder.
1.2 The equipment used in this test method is a modification of the Taber abraser. The regular ceramicabrading wheels are
replaced by leather clad brass rollers. A wheels (rollers). As the specimen holder rotates, a grit-feeding device feeds 240-mesh
aluminum oxide grit onto the specimen before it passes under the leather clad rollers. brass wheels. Using the exhaustvacuum
system incorporated in the apparatus, the used grit and abraded material are continuously removed after passing under both
rollers.wheels.
1.3 This test method employs a rotary, rubbing action caused by the dualloose abrasive grit and the two abrading wheels. One
wheel rubs the specimen from the center outward and the other from the outside toward the center. The wheels traverse a complete
circle and have an abrasive action on the rotating specimen at all angles. It is felt that this This action approaches the twisting action
between shoe and floor that occurs when a person turns. The use of loose grit serves the function of an abradant and also aids in
the rolling action felt to be characteristic of normal walking.
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
4
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5
D1860 Test Method for Moisture and Creosote-Type Preservative in Wood (Withdrawn 2006)
D792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Relative Density) of Plastics by Displacement
E122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate, With Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a Lot or
Process
E171G195 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Flexible Barrier PackagingGuide for Conducting Wear Tests Using a Rotary
Platform Abraser
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F06 on Resilient Floor Coveringsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F06.30 on Test Methods
- Performance.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2008Nov. 1, 2013. Published December 2008December 2013. Originally approved in 1978. Last previous edition approved in 20042008
as F510–93(2004).F510–93(2008). DOI: 10.1520/F0510-93R08.10.1520/F0510_F0510M-13.
2
This test method is described by W. E. Irwin in “Development of a Method to Measure Wear on Resilient Flooring,” Journal of Testing and Evaluation, Vol 4, No. 1,
January 1976, pp. 15–20.
3
This grit feed method is frequently referred to as the “Frick Grit Feed Method” because it is based on work done by Otto F. V. Frick as described in “Studies of Wear
on Flooring Materials,” Wear, Vol 14, 1969, pp. 119–131.
4
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
5
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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F510/F510M − 13
2.2 ANSI Standard:
6
B74.12 Checking the Size of Abrasive Grain for Grinding Wheels, Polishing, and General Industrial Uses
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 abrasion—of resilient
...
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