ASTM E2268-04
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Water Penetration of Exterior Windows, Skylights, and Doors by Rapid Pulsed Air Pressure Difference
Standard Test Method for Water Penetration of Exterior Windows, Skylights, and Doors by Rapid Pulsed Air Pressure Difference
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the resistance of exterior windows, skylights, and doors to water penetration when water is applied to the outdoor face and exposed edges simultaneously with a rapid pulsed air pressure at the outdoor face higher than the pressure at the indoor face.
1.2 This test method is applicable to windows, skylights, or doors alone. Those interested in testing curtain walls to rapid pulsed air pressure differences should use AAMA 501.1-94.
1.3 This test method addresses water penetration through a manufactured assembly. Water that penetrates the assembly, but does not result in a failure as defined herein, may have adverse effects on the performance of contained materials such as sealants and insulating or laminated glass. This test method does not address these issues.
1.4 The proper use of this test method requires a knowledge of the principles of pressure measurement.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound equivalents of SI units may be approximate.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation:E2268–04
Standard Test Method for
Water Penetration of Exterior Windows, Skylights, and
Doors by Rapid Pulsed Air Pressure Difference
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2268; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Using Dynamic Pressure
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the resis-
3. Terminology
tance of exterior windows, skylights, and doors to water
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of general terms relating to
penetration when water is applied to the outdoor face and
buildingconstructionusedinthistestmethod,seeTerminology
exposed edges simultaneously with a rapid pulsed air pressure
E631.
at the outdoor face higher than the pressure at the indoor face.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.2 This test method is applicable to windows, skylights, or
3.2.1 pulsed, v—subjected to a transition from one level of
doors alone. Those interested in testing curtain walls to rapid
differential air pressure to another and back within a prescribed
pulsed air pressure differences should use AAMA 501.1-94.
time period.
1.3 This test method addresses water penetration through a
3.2.2 pulse generator, n—test apparatus capable of produc-
manufactured assembly. Water that penetrates the assembly,
ing rapid changes of air pressure between two prescribed levels
but does not result in a failure as defined herein, may have
within a specified time period (see Fig. 3).
adverse effects on the performance of contained materials such
3.2.3 specimen, n—the entire assembled unit submitted for
as sealants and insulating or laminated glass. This test method
test as described in Section 8.
does not address these issues.
3.2.4 test pressure difference, n—the specified difference in
1.4 The proper use of this test method requires a knowledge
dynamic air pressure across the closed and locked or fixed
of the principles of pressure measurement.
specimen expressed as Pascals (lbf/ft ).
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
3.2.5 water penetration, n—penetration of water beyond a
standard. The inch-pound equivalents of SI units may be
plane parallel to the glazing intersecting the innermost projec-
approximate.
tion of the test specimen, not including interior trim and
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
hardware, under the specified conditions of air pressure differ-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
ence across the specimen. For products with non-planar glaz-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
ing surfaces (domes, vaults, pyramids, and so forth) the plane
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
definingwaterpenetrationistheplanedefinedbytheinnermost
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
edges of the unit frame.
2. Referenced Documents
4. Summary of Test Method
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.1 This test method consists of sealing the test specimen
E631 Terminology of Building Constructions
3 into or against one face of a test chamber and supplying air to
2.2 AAMA Standard:
or exhausting air from the chamber at a rapid cyclic rate across
AAMA 501.1-94 Standard Test Method for Exterior Win-
the specimen for the time specified, while spraying water onto
dows, Curtain Walls and Doors for Water Penetration
the outdoor face of the specimen at the required rate and
observing any water penetration.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on
5. Significance and Use
Performance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.51
on Performance of Windows, Doors, Skylights, and Curtain Walls.
5.1 Thistestmethodisastandardprocedurefordetermining
Current edition approved March 1, 2004. Published March, 2004. DOI: 10.1520/
the resistance to water penetration during rapid cyclic pulses of
E2268-04.
dynamic air pressure differences. The air-pressure differences
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
acting across a building envelope vary greatly. These factors
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
should be fully considered prior to specifying the test pressure
the ASTM website.
difference to be used.
Availabe from American Architectural Manufacturers Association (AAMA),
1827 Walden Office Square, Suite 550 Schaumburg, IL 60173.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
E2268–04
NOTE—For a negative pressure system, the water-spray grid would be located outside the chamber and the air supply would be replaced by an
air-exhaust system.
FIG. 1 General Arrangement of the Water Leakage Apparatus Positive Chamber System
5.2 The median test pressure used in this test method is building service conditions. For this reason the maximum
defined as the specified test pressure supplied by the user and recommended median test pressure is 480 Pa (10 psf), which
related to the maximum positive building design pressure.This corresponds to a maximum test pressure of 720 Pa (15 psf).
test method departs from the format of other ASTM water 5.4 The pulsed pressure of this test method may act to pump
penetration resistance test methods based on a maximum test waterpastdrysealsandbreathersystemsofunitsincorporating
pressure related to a maximum positive building design pres- these features, thereby making the test method more severe
sure. than a static pressure test method. On the other hand, the low
5.3 As the specified or median test pressure is increased, the pressureportionsofthepressurecyclesofthistestmethodmay
maximum test pressure in this procedure is also increased to allow weep systems and drainage dams to dissipate water from
1.5 times the specification median test pressure. This higher units incorporating these features, thereby making the test
maximum test pressure may not be representative of actual method less severe than a static pressure test method.
E2268–04
FIG. 2 Catch Box for Calibrating Water-Spray
NOTE—The operational check is performed between the pre-load and the cycle test. The pre-load pressure shall be increased and decreased at a rate
of 10 Pa/s (0.20 psf/s) 6 2 Pa/s (0.04 psf/s). The rate of pressure application during cycling shall be consistent with maintenance ofa2s pulse duration.
The median pressure value is the test pressure differential. The upper and lower limit values are equal to 150 % and 50 %, respectively, of the median
test pressure differential across the specimen.
FIG. 3 Pressure Application for Pre-load and Pressure Cycles
NOTE 1—In applying the results of tests by this test method, note that actualcomplexwettingconditionsthatcanbeencounteredinservice,with
the performance of a wall or its components, or both, may be a function large wind-blown water drops, increasing water drop impact pressures
of properinstallationand adjustment. In service, the performancewillalso with increasing wind velocity and lateral or upward moving air and water.
depend on the rigidity of supporting construction and on the resistance of Some designs are more sensitive than others to this upward moving water.
components to deterioration by various causes, (vibration, thermal expan- NOTE 2—This test does not identify unobservable liquid water which
sion and contraction, and so forth). It is difficult to accurately simulate the may penetrate into the test specimen.
E2268–04
formance is likely to be a function of size and geometry. Therefore, select
6. Apparatus
specimens covering the range of sizes to be used in a building. In general,
6.1 The description of apparatus in this section is general in
thelargestsizeofaparticulardesign,type,construction,andconfiguration
nature and any arrangement of equipment capable of perform-
to be used should be tested.
ing the test procedure within the allowable tolerances is
permitted. 9. Calibration and Standardization
6.2 Major Components (Fig. 1):
9.1 The ability of the test apparatus to meet the require-
6.2.1 Test Chamber—A test chamber or box with an open-
ments of 6.2.4 shall be checked by using a catch box, the open
ing, a removable mounting panel, or one open side in which or
face of which shall be located at the position of the face of the
against which the specimen is installed and sealed.At least one
test specimen. The calibration device is illustrated in Fig. 2.
dynamic pressure tap shall be provided to measure the oscil-
The catch box shall be designed to receive only water
lating chamber pressure, and shall be so located that the
impingingontheplaneofthetestspecimenfaceandtoexclude
reading is unaffected by the velocity of the air supply to or
all run-off water from above. The box shall be 610 mm (24 in.)
from the chamber. The air supply opening into the chamber
square, divided into four areas each 305 mm (12 in.) square.
shall be arranged so that the air does not impinge directly on
Use a cover approximately 760 mm (30 in.) square to prevent
the test specimen with any significant velocity. A means of
water from entering the calibration box before and after the
access into the chamber may be provided to facilitate adjust-
timed observation interval. The water impinging on each area
ments and observations after the specimen has been installed.
shall be captured separately.Aspray that provides at least 1.26
6.2.2 Air System—A controllable blower, compressed air
L/min (20 gal/h) total for the four areas and not less th
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