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ASTM E2268-04(2011)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Water Penetration of Exterior Windows, Skylights, and Doors by Rapid Pulsed Air Pressure Difference

Standard Test Method for Water Penetration of Exterior Windows, Skylights, and Doors by Rapid Pulsed Air Pressure Difference

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is a standard procedure for determining the resistance to water penetration during rapid cyclic pulses of dynamic air pressure differences. The air-pressure differences acting across a building envelope vary greatly. These factors should be fully considered prior to specifying the test pressure difference to be used.
The median test pressure used in this test method is defined as the specified test pressure supplied by the user and related to the maximum positive building design pressure. This test method departs from the format of other ASTM water penetration resistance test methods based on a maximum test pressure related to a maximum positive building design pressure.
As the specified or median test pressure is increased, the maximum test pressure in this procedure is also increased to 1.5 times the specification median test pressure. This higher maximum test pressure may not be representative of actual building service conditions. For this reason the maximum recommended median test pressure is 480 Pa (10 psf), which corresponds to a maximum test pressure of 720 Pa (15 psf).
The pulsed pressure of this test method may act to pump water past dry seals and breather systems of units incorporating these features, thereby making the test method more severe than a static pressure test method. On the other hand, the low pressure portions of the pressure cycles of this test method may allow weep systems and drainage dams to dissipate water from units incorporating these features, thereby making the test method less severe than a static pressure test method.
Note 1—In applying the results of tests by this test method, note that the performance of a wall or its components, or both, may be a function of proper installation and adjustment. In service, the performance will also depend on the rigidity of supporting construction and on the resistance of components to deterioration by various causes, (vibration, thermal expansion and contraction, and so...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the resistance of exterior windows, skylights, and doors to water penetration when water is applied to the outdoor face and exposed edges simultaneously with a rapid pulsed air pressure at the outdoor face higher than the pressure at the indoor face.
1.2 This test method is applicable to windows, skylights, or doors alone. Those interested in testing curtain walls to rapid pulsed air pressure differences should use AAMA 501.1-94.
1.3 This test method addresses water penetration through a manufactured assembly. Water that penetrates the assembly, but does not result in a failure as defined herein, may have adverse effects on the performance of contained materials such as sealants and insulating or laminated glass. This test method does not address these issues.
1.4 The proper use of this test method requires a knowledge of the principles of pressure measurement.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Oct-2011
ICS
91.060.50 - Doors and windows
Technical Committee
E06 - Performance of Buildings
Drafting Committee
E06.51 - Performance of Windows, Doors, Skylights and Curtain Walls
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM E2268-04 - Standard Test Method for Water Penetration of Exterior Windows, Skylights, and Doors by Rapid Pulsed Air Pressure Difference
Effective Date
01-Nov-2011
Referred By
ASTM E2813-18 - Standard Practice for Building Enclosure Commissioning
Effective Date
01-Nov-2011

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ASTM E2268-04(2011) - Standard Test Method for Water Penetration of Exterior Windows, Skylights, and Doors by Rapid Pulsed Air Pressure DifferenceASTM E2268-04(2011) - Standard Test Method for Water Penetration of Exterior Windows, Skylights, and Doors by Rapid Pulsed Air Pressure Difference
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ASTM E2268-04(2011) - Standard Test Method for Water Penetration of Exterior Windows, Skylights, and Doors by Rapid Pulsed Air Pressure Difference
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E2268 − 04(Reapproved 2011)
Standard Test Method for
Water Penetration of Exterior Windows, Skylights, and
Doors by Rapid Pulsed Air Pressure Difference
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2268; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2.2 AAMA Standard:
AAMA 501.1-94 Standard Test Method for Exterior
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the resis-
Windows, Curtain Walls and Doors for Water Penetration
tance of exterior windows, skylights, and doors to water
Using Dynamic Pressure
penetration when water is applied to the outdoor face and
exposed edges simultaneously with a rapid pulsed air pressure
3. Terminology
at the outdoor face higher than the pressure at the indoor face.
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of general terms relating to
1.2 This test method is applicable to windows, skylights, or
buildingconstructionusedinthistestmethod,seeTerminology
doors alone. Those interested in testing curtain walls to rapid
E631.
pulsed air pressure differences should use AAMA 501.1-94.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.3 This test method addresses water penetration through a
3.2.1 pulsed, v—subjected to a transition from one level of
manufactured assembly. Water that penetrates the assembly,
differential air pressure to another and back within a prescribed
but does not result in a failure as defined herein, may have
time period.
adverse effects on the performance of contained materials such
3.2.2 pulse generator, n—test apparatus capable of produc-
as sealants and insulating or laminated glass. This test method
ing rapid changes of air pressure between two prescribed levels
does not address these issues.
within a specified time period (see Fig. 3).
1.4 The proper use of this test method requires a knowledge
3.2.3 specimen, n—the entire assembled unit submitted for
of the principles of pressure measurement.
test as described in Section 8.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3.2.4 test pressure difference, n—the specified difference in
standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
dynamic air pressure across the closed and locked or fixed
conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for informa-
specimen expressed as Pascals (lbf/ft ).
tion only and are not considered standard.
3.2.5 water penetration, n—penetration of water beyond a
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
plane parallel to the glazing intersecting the innermost projec-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
tion of the test specimen, not including interior trim and
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
hardware, under the specified conditions of air pressure differ-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
ence across the specimen. For products with non-planar glaz-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
ing surfaces (domes, vaults, pyramids, and so forth) the plane
definingwaterpenetrationistheplanedefinedbytheinnermost
2. Referenced Documents
edges of the unit frame.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4. Summary of Test Method
E631 Terminology of Building Constructions
4.1 This test method consists of sealing the test specimen
into or against one face of a test chamber and supplying air to
1 or exhausting air from the chamber at a rapid cyclic rate across
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on
Performance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.51 the specimen for the time specified, while spraying water onto
on Performance of Windows, Doors, Skylights and Curtain Walls.
the outdoor face of the specimen at the required rate and
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2011. Published December 2011. Originally
observing any water penetration.
approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as E2268 – 04. DOI:
10.1520/E2268-04R11.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Available from American Architectural Manufacturers Association (AAMA),
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on 1827 Walden Office Square, Suite 550 Schaumburg, IL 60173, http://
the ASTM website. www.aamanet.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
E2268 − 04 (2011)
NOTE 1—For a negative pressure system, the water-spray grid would be located outside the chamber and the air supply would be replaced by an
air-exhaust system.
FIG. 1 General Arrangement of the Water Leakage Apparatus Positive Chamber System
5. Significance and Use penetration resistance test methods based on a maximum test
pressure related to a maximum positive building design pres-
5.1 Thistestmethodisastandardprocedurefordetermining
sure.
the resistance to water penetration during rapid cyclic pulses of
dynamic air pressure differences. The air-pressure differences
5.3 As the specified or median test pressure is increased, the
acting across a building envelope vary greatly. These factors
maximum test pressure in this procedure is also increased to
should be fully considered prior to specifying the test pressure
1.5 times the specification median test pressure. This higher
difference to be used.
maximum test pressure may not be representative of actual
5.2 The median test pressure used in this test method is
building service conditions. For this reason the maximum
defined as the specified test pressure supplied by the user and
recommended median test pressure is 480 Pa (10 psf), which
related to the maximum positive building design pressure.This
corresponds to a maximum test pressure of 720 Pa (15 psf).
test method departs from the format of other ASTM water
E2268 − 04 (2011)
FIG. 2 Catch Box for Calibrating Water-Spray
NOTE 1—The operational check is performed between the pre-load and the cycle test. The pre-load pressure shall be increased and decreased at a rate
of 10 Pa/s (0.20 psf/s) 6 2 Pa/s (0.04 psf/s). The rate of pressure application during cycling shall be consistent with maintenance ofa2s pulse duration.
The median pressure value is the test pressure differential. The upper and lower limit values are equal to 150 % and 50 %, respectively, of the median
test pressure differential across the specimen.
FIG. 3 Pressure Application for Pre-load and Pressure Cycles
the performance of a wall or its components, or both, may be a function
5.4 The pulsed pressure of this test method may act to pump
ofproperinstallationandadjustment.Inservice,theperformancewillalso
waterpastdrysealsandbreathersystemsofunitsincorporating
depend on the rigidity of supporting construction and on the resistance of
these features, thereby making the test method more severe
components to deterioration by various causes, (vibration, thermal expan-
than a static pressure test method. On the other hand, the low
sion and contraction, and so forth). It is difficult to accurately simulate the
pressureportionsofthepressurecyclesofthistestmethodmay
actualcomplexwettingconditionsthatcanbeencounteredinservice,with
allow weep systems and drainage dams to dissipate water from
large wind-blown water drops, increasing water drop impact pressures
units incorporating these features, thereby making the test with increasing wind velocity and lateral or upward moving air and water.
Some designs are more sensitive than others to this upward moving water.
method less severe than a static pressure test method.
NOTE 1—In applying the results of tests by this test method, note that NOTE 2—This test does not identify unobservable liquid water which
E2268 − 04 (2011)
may penetrate into the test specimen.
8.2.1 If only one specimen is to be tested, the selection shall
be determined by the specifying authority.
6. Apparatus
NOTE 3—It should be recognized, especially with windows, that
6.1 The description of apparatus in this section is general in
performance is likely to be a function of size and geometry. Therefore,
select specimens covering the range of sizes to be used in a building. In
nature and any arrangement of equipment capable of perform-
general, the largest size of a particular design, type, construction, and
ing the test procedure within the allowable tolerances is
configuration to be used should be tested.
permitted.
6.2 Major Components (Fig. 1): 9. Calibration and Standardization
6.2.1 Test Chamber—A test chamber or box with an
9.1 The ability of the test apparatus to meet the require-
opening, a removable mounting panel, or one open side in
ments of 6.2.4 shall be checked by using a catch box, the open
which or against which the specimen is installed and sealed.At
face of which shall be located at the position of the face of the
leastonedynamicpressuretapshallbeprovidedtomeasurethe
test specimen. The calibration device is illustrated in Fig. 2.
oscillating chamber pressure, and shall be so located that the
The catch box shall be designed to receive only water
reading is unaffected by the velocity of the air supply to or
impingingontheplaneofthetestspecimenfaceandtoexclude
from the chamber. The air supply opening into the chamber
all run-off water from above. The box shall be 610 mm (24 in.)
shall be arranged so that the air does not impinge directly on
square, divided into four areas each 305 mm (12 in.) square.
the test specimen with any significant velocity. A means of
Use a cover approximately 760 mm (30 in.) square to prevent
access into the chamber may be provided to facilitate adjust-
water from entering the calibration box before and after the
ments and observations after the specimen has been installed.
timed observation interval. The water impingin
...

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5.1 This test method is a standard procedure for determining the resistance to water penetration under uniform static air pressure differences. The air-pressure differences acting across a building envelope vary greatly. These factors should be fully considered prior to specifying the test pressure difference to be used.
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the resistance of exterior windows, curtain walls, skylights, and doors to water penetration when water is applied to the outdoor face and exposed edges simultaneously with a uniform static air pressure at the outdoor face higher than the pressure at the indoor face.  
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ASTM E2268-04(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Water Penetration of Exterior Windows, Skylights, and Doors by Rapid Pulsed Air Pressure Difference

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is a standard procedure for determining the resistance to water penetration during rapid cyclic pulses of dynamic air pressure differences. The air-pressure differences acting across a building envelope vary greatly. These factors should be fully considered prior to specifying the test pressure difference to be used.  
5.2 The median test pressure used in this test method is defined as the specified test pressure supplied by the user and related to the maximum positive building design pressure. This test method departs from the format of other ASTM water penetration resistance test methods based on a maximum test pressure related to a maximum positive building design pressure.  
5.3 As the specified or median test pressure is increased, the maximum test pressure in this procedure is also increased to 1.5 times the specification median test pressure. This higher maximum test pressure may not be representative of actual building service conditions. For this reason the maximum recommended median test pressure is 480 Pa (10 psf), which corresponds to a maximum test pressure of 720 Pa (15 psf).  
5.4 The pulsed pressure of this test method may act to pump water past dry seals and breather systems of units incorporating these features, thereby making the test method more severe than a static pressure test method. On the other hand, the low pressure portions of the pressure cycles of this test method may allow weep systems and drainage dams to dissipate water from units incorporating these features, thereby making the test method less severe than a static pressure test method.
Note 1: In applying the results of tests by this test method, note that the performance of a wall or its components, or both, may be a function of proper installation and adjustment. In service, the performance will also depend on the rigidity of supporting construction and on the resistance of components to deterioration by various causes, (vibration, thermal expansion and ...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the resistance of exterior windows, skylights, and doors to water penetration when water is applied to the outdoor face and exposed edges simultaneously with a rapid pulsed air pressure at the outdoor face higher than the pressure at the indoor face.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to windows, skylights, or doors alone. Those interested in testing curtain walls to rapid pulsed air pressure differences should use AAMA 501.1-94.  
1.3 This test method addresses water penetration through a manufactured assembly. Water that penetrates the assembly, but does not result in a failure as defined herein, may have adverse effects on the performance of contained materials such as sealants and insulating or laminated glass. This test method does not address these issues.  
1.4 The proper use of this test method requires a knowledge of the principles of pressure measurement.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E1425-14(2023)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Determining the Acoustical Performance of Windows, Doors, Skylight, and Glazed Wall Systems

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Air Leakage Relative to Sound Transmission—Certain frequencies are more susceptible to sound transmission through cavities or discontinuities in the test specimen; therefore, the air leakage of the test specimen is reported to allow the approving authority information relative to air tightness.
Note 1: The AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440 document provides air leakage acceptance criteria for these products based on their performance class. Acoustical products could require a lower air leakage rate than what is required in this standard in order to achieve the desired acoustical performance.  
4.2 Operating Force Relative to Sound Transmission—The use of specific sealing components to achieve a given sound rating could affect operating force of the vertical or horizontal sliding sash or panels of the assembly; therefore, operating force is reported to allow the approving authority information relative to sash or panel operating forces.
Note 2: The opening force in 28 CFR Part 36 ADA for interior hinged doors and sliding doors is limited to 5 lbf (22.2 N). The AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440 document provides operating force acceptance criteria for products based on their performance class.  
4.3 Latching Force Relative to Sound Transmission—Latching force can affect the compression of seals and the amount of damping applied to the system that in turn affects the air leakage and the acoustical performance. The use of specific sealing components and latching/locking hardware can affect the force required to close and latch the door under test. The latching force is reported to allow the approving authority information relative to sash or panel latching conditions.
Note 3: The AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440 document states that the maximum force to latch shall be measured and reported.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice establishes requirements for testing and rating acoustical performance of window, door, skylight, and glazed wall systems, regardless of their method or materials of manufacture.  
1.1.1 Operating force, latching force, and air leakage are integral elements of the acoustical performance of window, door, skylight, and glazed wall systems. This practice requires (when applicable) the concurrent testing of operating force, latching force, and air leakage, in addition to the sound transmission loss test.  
1.2 This practice establishes the test methodology, specimen criteria, and classification rating system for purposes of determining the acoustical performance levels of window, door, skylight, and glazed wall systems only, and not through openings between such assemblies and adjacent construction.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E1105-15(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Field Determination of Water Penetration of Installed Exterior Windows, Skylights, Doors, and Curtain Walls, by Uniform or Cyclic Static Air Pressure Difference

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is a standard procedure for determining the resistance to water penetration under uniform or cyclic static air pressure differences of installed exterior windows, skylights, curtain walls, and doors. The air-pressure differences acting across a building envelope vary greatly. These factors should be considered fully prior to specifying the test pressure difference to be used.
Note 1: In applying the results of tests by this test method, note that the performance of a wall or its components, or both, may be a function of proper installation and adjustment. In service, the performance will also depend on the rigidity of supporting construction and on the resistance of components to deterioration by various causes, vibration, thermal expansion and contraction, and so forth. It is difficult to simulate the identical complex wetting conditions that can be encountered in service, with large wind-blown water drops, increasing water drop impact pressures with increasing wind velocity, and lateral or upward moving air and water. Some designs are more sensitive than others to this upward moving water.
Note 2: This test method does not identify unobservable liquid water which may penetrate into the test specimen.  
5.2 Laboratory tests are designed to give an indication of the performance of an assembly. Field performance may vary from laboratory performance since the supporting structure for the test specimen, methods of mounting, and sealing in the laboratory can only simulate the actual conditions that will exist in the building. Shipping, handling, installation, acts of subsequent trades, aging, and other environmental conditions all may have an adverse effect upon the performance of the installed product. This field test procedure provides a means for determining the performance of a product once installed in the building.  
5.3 The field test may be made at the time the window, skylight, curtain-wall, or door assemblies are initially installed ...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the resistance of installed exterior windows, curtain walls, skylights, and doors to water penetration when water is applied to the outdoor face and exposed edges simultaneously with a static air pressure at the outdoor face higher than the pressure at the indoor face.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to any curtain-wall area or to windows, skylights, or doors alone. It is intended primarily for determining the resistance to water penetration through such assemblies for compliance with specified performance criteria, but it may also be used to determine the resistance to penetration through the joints between the assemblies and the adjacent construction. Other procedures may be appropriate to identify sources of leakage.  
1.3 This test method addresses water penetration through a manufactured assembly. Water that penetrates the assembly, but does not result in a failure as defined herein, may have adverse effects on the performance of contained materials such as sealants and insulating or laminated glass. This test method does not address these issues.  
1.4 The proper use of this test method requires a knowledge of the principles of pressure measurement.  
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see 7.1.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on...

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ASTM
ASTM E1424-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determining the Rate of Air Leakage Through Exterior Windows, Skylights, Curtain Walls, and Doors Under Specified Pressure and Temperature Differences Across the Specimen

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The exterior building envelope and its components (for example, windows and doors) separate the interior conditioned spaces from exterior environmental factors such as heat, cold, rain, wind, noise dust, etc. Building materials and components can expand or contract to varying degrees, depending on seasonal and diurnal exterior ambient air temperatures. Fluctuations in the ambient air temperatures can alter the sealing characteristics of windows, curtain walls, and doors by changing weather seal compression ratios. Thermal expansion or contraction of framing materials coupled with thermal blowing due to temperature gradients through the product, and alterations in the effective leakage areas due to weather seal shrinkage and compression set, can also significantly alter the air leakage rates of these products in field service applications. Air leakage tests performed using Test Method E283 (a laboratory air leakage test performed at ambient temperature conditions) will not account accurately for changes in air leakage rates that may occur from dimensional changes in fenestration systems, materials, and components.  
5.2 It is recommended that test specifiers consult the manufacturer for recommended test temperature extremes.  
5.3 This procedure provides a means for evaluating air leakage rates of fenestration systems under various temperature and pressure conditions and air flow directions. It is also applicable for use in evaluating the efficiency of weather sealing products in fenestration systems. All air flow rates are converted to standard conditions to provide a means of comparison between measurements made at different ambient air temperature and pressure conditions.  
5.4 Air leakage rates are sometimes used for comparison purposes. Such comparisons may not be valid unless the components being tested and compared are of essentially the same size, configuration, and design.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides a standard laboratory procedure for determining the air leakage rates of exterior windows, curtain walls, and doors under specified differential air temperature and pressure conditions across the specimen.  
1.2 Specified temperature and pressure conditions are representative of those that may be encountered at the exterior thermal envelope of buildings, excluding the effects of heat buildup due to solar radiation.  
1.3 This laboratory procedure is applicable to exterior windows, curtain walls, and doors and is intended to measure only such leakage associated with the assembly and not the installation; however, the test method can be adapted for the latter purpose.  
1.4 This is a laboratory procedure for testing at differential temperature conditions. Persons interested in a laboratory test at ambient conditions should reference Test Method E283. Persons interested in a field test on installed windows and doors should reference Test Method E783.  
1.5 Persons using this procedure should be knowledgeable in the areas of heat transfer, fluid mechanics, and instrumentation practices, and shall have a general understanding of fenestration products and components.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 7.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technic...

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    sale 15% off