ASTM D4520-13
(Practice)Standard Practice for Determining Water Injectivity Through the Use of On-Site Floods
Standard Practice for Determining Water Injectivity Through the Use of On-Site Floods
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The injectivity of a water is best determined by measurements as near to the well as possible to minimize changes in water properties due to air contact and time. This practice describes how core flow tests are carried out near the well.
5.2 This practice permits the differentiation of permeability losses from the effects of chemical interaction of water and rock and from the effects of plugging by suspended solids. The procedure can be utilized to estimate the chemical and filtration requirements for the full-scale injection project.
5.3 Application of the test results to injection wells requires consideration of test core selection and geometry effects.
5.4 This practice as described assumes that the water does not contain free oil or other immiscible hydrocarbons. The presence of free oil would require the method to be modified to account for the effect of oil saturation in the test cores on the water permeability.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a procedure for conducting on-site core flood tests to determine the filtration and chemical treatment requirements for subsurface injection of water.2, 3
1.2 This practice applies to water disposal, secondary recovery, and enhanced oil recovery projects and is applicable to injection waters with all ranges of total dissolved solids contents.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are mathematical conversions and may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D4520 − 13
Standard Practice for
Determining Water Injectivity Through the Use of On-Site
1
Floods
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4520; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* D4404 Test Method for Determination of Pore Volume and
Pore Volume Distribution of Soil and Rock by Mercury
1.1 This practice covers a procedure for conducting on-site
Intrusion Porosimetry
core flood tests to determine the filtration and chemical
6
2, 3
2.2 American Petroleum Institute Standards:
treatment requirements for subsurface injection of water.
API RP27 Recommended Practice for Determining Perme-
1.2 This practice applies to water disposal, secondary
ability of Porous Media
recovery, and enhanced oil recovery projects and is applicable
API RP40 Recommended Practice for Core-Analysis Pro-
to injection waters with all ranges of total dissolved solids
cedure
contents.
3. Terminology
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded sepa-
rately as standard. The values stated in each system are
3.1 Definitions:
mathematical conversions and may not be exact equivalents;
3.1.1 For definitions of terms relating to water and water
therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other.
chemistry, refer to Terminology D1129. Refer to Terminology
D653 for definitions relating to soil and rock
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.2.1 filtration requirement, n—the maximum suspended
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
solids size (in micrometres) allowed in an injection water to
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
minimize formation plugging.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.2.2 test core, n—a sample cut from a full-core that has
2. Referenced Documents
been recovered from the formation into which water is in-
4
jected.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D420 Guide to Site Characterization for Engineering Design
3.2.3 permeability, n—the capacity of a rock (or other
5
and Construction Purposes (Withdrawn 2011)
porous medium) to conduct liquid or gas; permaeability is
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
measured as the proportionality constant between flow velocity
Fluids
and hydraulic gradient.
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
3.2.4 pore volume, n—the porous medium’s void-volume
D2434 Test Method for Permeability of Granular Soils
that can be saturated with the transmitted fluid.
(Constant Head)
3.2.5 porosity, n—the ratio (usually expressed as a percent-
age) of the volume of voids of a given soil, rock mass, or other
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water and
porous medium to the total volume of the soil, rock mass, or
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.05 on Inorganic Constituents in
other porous medium.
Water.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2013. Published February 2013. Originally 3.2.6 rock-water interaction, n—a reaction between a po-
approved in 1986. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D4520 – 03 (2008).
rous rock and the injected water causing precipitation or
DOI: 10.1520/D4520-13.
swelling or release of fines (clays) within the rock.
2
Farley,J.T.,andRedline,D.G.,“EvaluationofFloodWaterQualityintheWest
Montalvo Field,” Journal Petroleum Technology, July 1968, pp. 683–687.
3 4. Summary of Practice
McCune, C. C., “On-Site Testing to Define Injection Water Quality
Requirements,” Journal Petroleum Technology, January 1977, pp. 17–24.
4.1 This practice assumes that the injection water has been
4
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
characterized in terms of dissolved and suspended solids
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
5 6
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on Available from American Petroleum Institute (API), 1220 L. St., NW,
www.astm.org. Washington, DC 20005-4070, http://www.api.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4520 − 13
contents (including hydrocarbons and other organics as appli- 6. Sources of Rock-Water Interactions
cable) by established standard practices and methods.
6.1 Water injected
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4520 − 03 (Reapproved 2008) D4520 − 13
Standard Practice for
Determining Water Injectivity Through the Use of On-Site
1
Floods
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4520; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This practice covers a procedure for conducting on-site core flood tests to determine the filtration and chemical treatment
2, 3
requirements for subsurface injection of water.
1.2 This practice applies to water disposal, secondary recovery, and enhanced oil recovery projects and is applicable to injection
waters with all ranges of total dissolved solids contents.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are mathematical
conversions and may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
4
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5
D420 Guide to Site Characterization for Engineering Design and Construction Purposes (Withdrawn 2011)
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
D2434 Test Method for Permeability of Granular Soils (Constant Head)
D4404 Test Method for Determination of Pore Volume and Pore Volume Distribution of Soil and Rock by Mercury Intrusion
Porosimetry
6
2.2 American Petroleum Institute Standards:
API RP27 Recommended Practice for Determining Permeability of Porous Media
API RP40 Recommended Practice for Core-Analysis Procedure
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 For definitions of terms relating to water and water chemistry, refer to Terminology D1129. Refer to Terminology D653
for definitions relating to soil and rock
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 filtration requirement—requirement, n—the maximum suspended solids size (in micrometres) allowed in an injection
water to minimize formation plugging.
3.2.2 test core—core, n—a sample cut from a full core full-core that has been recovered from the formation into which water
is injected.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.05 on Inorganic Constituents in Water.
Current edition approved May 1, 2008Jan. 1, 2013. Published May 2008February 2013. Originally approved in 1986. Last previous edition approved in 20032008 as
D4520 – 03.D4520 – 03(2008). DOI: 10.1520/D4520-03R08.10.1520/D4520-13.
2
Farley, J. T., and Redline, D. G., “Evaluation of Flood Water Quality in the West Montalvo Field,” Journal Petroleum Technology, July 1968, pp. 683–687.
3
McCune, C. C., “On-Site Testing to Define Injection Water Quality Requirements,” Journal Petroleum Technology, January 1977, pp. 17–24.
4
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
5
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
6
Available from American Petroleum Institute (API), 1220 L. St., NW, Washington, DC 20005-4070, http://www.api.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4520 − 13
3.2.3 permeability—permeability, n—the capacity of a rock (or other porous medium) to conduct liquid or gas. Itgas;
permaeability is measured as the proportionality constant between flow velocity and hydraulic gradient.
3.2.4 pore volume—volume, n—the volid volume of a porous medium porous medium’s void-volume that can be saturated with
the transmitted fluid.
3.2.5 porosity—porosity, n—the ratio, usuallyratio (usually expressed as a percentagepercentage) of the volume of voids of a
given soil, rock mass, or other porous medium to the total volume of the soil, rock mass, or other porous me
...
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