ASTM D6961/D6961M-09(2015)e1

Standard Test Method for Color Measurement of Flax Fiber

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Few standards exist to objectively judge flax quality. Color is an important factor in the quality of flax fiber. Natural variations in raw flax fiber, various processing steps, fiber blending, and a wide range of end uses contribute to the need for a standard method of objectively measuring the color of flax fiber. Spectrophotometic data provide an accurate, precise determination of the color of flax fiber. Colorimetric data are obtained through specimen measurement by combining specimen spectral data with data representing a CIE standard observer and a CIE standard illuminant, as described in Method E308.  
5.2 If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two (or more) laboratories, comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, use the samples for such a comparative test that are as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the same lot of material as the samples that resulted in disparate results during initial testing and randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory. The results from the laboratories involved should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results for that fiber sample type must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the instrumental color measurement of flax fiber.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Jan-2015
• ICS: 59.060.10 - Natural fibres
• Technical Committee: D13 - Textiles
• Drafting Committee: D13.17 - Bast Fibers and Plants

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
´1
Designation: D6961/D6961M − 09 (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Test Method for
Color Measurement of Flax Fiber
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6961/D6961M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
ε NOTE—The Terminology section was updated in accordance with D13 policy in February 2015.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
3.1 For all terminology related to Flax see Terminology
1.1 This test method covers the instrumental color measure-
D6798.
ment of flax fiber.
3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
dew-retting, enzyme-retting, and water-retting.
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
3.2 For other textile terminology, see Terminology D123.
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
4. Summary of Test Method
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
4.1 Samples of flax fiber are presented to a color spectro-
with the standard.
photometer. Color measurements are taken through a large
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
aperture port 25.4 millimeter [1-in.] diameter, in order to
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
averageoverthenaturalcolorvariationthatoccursinflaxfiber.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
The instrument aperture is fitted with a quartz window. The
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
window serves two functions, namely, to provide a base for
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
compacting the sample during measurement, and to protect the
instrument from accumulation of stray fiber particles. CIELAB
2. Referenced Documents
L*, a*, and b* measurements are taken and are instrumentally
calculated from tristimulus X,Yand Z data, observer function,
2.1 ASTM Standards:
and illuminant data.
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
5. Significance and Use
D6798 Terminology Relating to Flax and Linen
E284 Terminology of Appearance 5.1 Few standards exist to objectively judge flax quality.
E308 PracticeforComputingtheColorsofObjectsbyUsing
Color is an important factor in the quality of flax fiber. Natural
the CIE System variations in raw flax fiber, various processing steps, fiber
E1164 PracticeforObtainingSpectrometricDataforObject-
blending, and a wide range of end uses contribute to the need
Color Evaluation for a standard method of objectively measuring the color of
flax fiber. Spectrophotometic data provide an accurate, precise
2.2 Other Standard:
determination of the color of flax fiber. Colorimetric data are
AATCC Evaluation Procedure 6 Instrumental Color Mea-
3 obtained through specimen measurement by combining speci-
surement
men spectral data with data representing a CIE standard
observer and a CIE standard illuminant, as described in
Method E308.
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 on Textiles
5.2 If there are differences of practical significance between
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.17 on Flax and Linen.
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2015. Published April 2015. Originally
reported test results for two (or more) laboratories, compara-
approved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D6961–09. DOI:
tive tests should be performed to determine if there is a
10.1520/D6961_C6961M-09(15)E01.
statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assis-
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
tance. As a minimum, use the samples for such a comparative
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
test that are as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the same
the ASTM website.
lot of material as the samples that resulted in disparate results
Available from American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists
during initial testing and randomly assigned in equal numbers
(AATCC), P.O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, http://
www.aatcc.org. to each laboratory. The results from the laboratories involved
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
´1
D6961/D6961M − 09 (2015)
should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, a 7.3.3 Bundles of flax fiber presented for measurement are
probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is rather open-structured, capable of being easily compacted
found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future through pressure. Care should be taken in applying the same
test results for that fiber sample type must be adjusted in pressure to samples during measurement, because the density
consideration of the known bias. of the sample may influence readings. The sample should be
compressed firmly against the glass-covered aperture to assure
6. Apparatus
that the entire aperture is covered by fiber. Consistency in
pressure can be achieved through the use of a fiber compres-
6.1 A visible range spectrophotometer (minimum of 20-
sion cell that consists of a cup fiber specimen holder and clamp
point) is recommended. Such an instrument provides greater
that is pressed against the specimen through application of
accuracy than colorimeters, spectro-colorimeters, or 10-point
compressed air.Air pressure of 206,843 Pa [30 psi] or 275,790
color spectrophotometers.
Pa [40 psi] is recommended.
6.1.1 Instrument Configuration and Settings:
6.1.1.1 Either a 0/45 or a spherical instrument/specimen
8. Procedure
geometry may be used. The selected geometry should be
8.1 Specimens are compressed at a pressure of 206,843 Pa
included in the report.
[30 psi] or 275,790 Pa [40 psi] and presented to the instrument
6.1.1.2 If the instrument offers a choice of specular modes,
aperture so that the entire area of the aperture is filled with the
measurements should be taken using the specular excluded
specimen.
mode.
6.1.1.3 Use the recommended CIE Illuminant D65 un
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: D6961/D6961M − 09 D6961/D6961M − 09 (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Test Method for
Color Measurement of Flax Fiber
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6961/D6961M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
ε NOTE—The Terminology section was updated in accordance with D13 policy.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the instrumental color measurement of flax fiber.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
D6798 Terminology Relating to Flax and Linen
E284 Terminology of Appearance
E308 Practice for Computing the Colors of Objects by Using the CIE System
E1164 Practice for Obtaining Spectrometric Data for Object-Color Evaluation
2.2 Other Standard:
AATCC Evaluation Procedure 6 Instrumental Color Measurement
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 water retting, v—in flax, the process of immersing flax straw for a period of time in water to effect retting.
3.1.2 dew retting, v— in flax, the process of pulling or cutting flax straw and leaving on the soil for a period of time to allow
partial degradation of straw to effect retting.
3.1.3 enzyme retting, v—in flax, the process of mechanically adding enzyme formulations under precise conditions to pulled or
cut flax straw for a period of time to effect retting.
3.2 For definitions of other textile terms used in this test method, refer to Terminologiesall terminology related to Flax D6798
andsee Terminology D123D6798.
3.2.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard: dew-retting, enzyme-retting, and water-retting.
3.3 For other textile terminology, see Terminology D123.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Samples of flax fiber are presented to a color spectrophotometer. Color measurements are taken through a large aperture port
25.4 millimeter [1-in.] diameter, in order to average over the natural color variation that occurs in flax fiber. The instrument
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.17 on Flax and Linen.
Current edition approved July 1, 2009Feb. 1, 2015. Published December 2009April 2015. Originally approved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 20032009 as
D6961–03.D6961–09. DOI: 10.1520/D6961_C6961M-09.10.1520/D6961_C6961M-09(15)E01.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Available from American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists (AATCC), P.O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, http://www.aatcc.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
´1
D6961/D6961M − 09 (2015)
aperture is fitted with a quartz window. The window serves two functions, namely, to provide a base for compacting the sample
during measurement, and to protect the instrument from accumulation of stray fiber particles. CIELAB L*, a*, and b*
measurements are taken and are instrumentally calculated from tristimulus X, Y and Z data, observer function, and illuminant data.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Few standards exist to objectively judge flax quality. Color is an important factor in the quality of flax fiber. Natural
variations in raw flax fiber, various processing steps, fiber blending, and a wide range of end uses contribute to the need for a
standard method of objectively measuring the color of flax fiber. Spectrophotometic data provide an accurate, precise determination
of the color of flax fiber. Colorimetric data are obtained through specimen measurement by combining specimen spectral data with
data representing a CIE standard observer and a CIE standard illuminant, as described in Method E308.
5.2 If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two (or more) laboratories, comparative
tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a
minimum, use the samples for such a comparative test that are as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the same lot of material
as the samples that resulted in disparate results during initial testing and randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory.
The results from the laboratories involved should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, a probability level chosen
prior to the testing series. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results for that fiber sample
type must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.
6. Apparatus
6.1 A visible range spectrophotometer (minimum of 20-point) is recommended. Such an instrument provides greater accuracy
than colorimeters, spectro-colorimeters, or 10-point color spectrophotometers.
6.1.1 Instrument Configuration and Settings:
6.1.1.1 Either a 0/45 or a spherical instrument/specimen geometry may be used. The selected geometry should be included in
the report.
6.1.1.2 If the instrument offers a choice of specular modes, measurements should be taken using the specular excluded mode.
6.1.1.3 Use the recommended CIE Illuminant D65 unless otherwise specified in a material specification or contract order. If an
alternate illuminant is selected, its specifications should be included in the report.
6.1.1.4 Use the recommended CIE 10-degree observer unless otherwise specified in a material specification or contract order.
If an alternate illuminant is selected, its specifications should be included in the report.
6.2 A fiber compression cell capable of applying air pressure of 206,843 Pa [30 psi] or 275,790 Pa [40
...