ASTM C1491-14

Standard Specification for Concrete Roof Pavers

ABSTRACT
This specification covers concrete roof pavers that are machine-made from hydraulic cement, water, and suitable mineral aggregates with or without the inclusion of other materials, for use as roof ballast and protection of roof membranes. Requirements for ballast weight per unit area shall be specified separately. The average resistance to flexural load for three paver units and resistance to flexural load of each individual unit shall exceed the prescribed requirements. In areas where repeated freezing and thawing under saturated conditions occur, freeze-thaw durability shall be demonstrated by test or by proven field performance that the concrete roof paver units have adequate durability for the intended use. Minor cracks incidental to the usual method of manufacture or minor chipping resulting from customary methods of handling in shipment and delivery are not grounds for rejection. Compressive strength, flexural load, absorption, density, ballast weight, and dimensional tolerance shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers concrete roof pavers that are machine-made from hydraulic cement, water, and suitable mineral aggregates with or without the inclusion of other materials, for use as roof ballast and protection of roof membranes.
Note 1: The design of roof ballast systems for resisting wind uplift is beyond the scope of this specification. Building codes and other standards should be consulted in designing for wind uplift resistance.  
1.2 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Nov-2014
• ICS: 91.060.20 - Roofs
• Technical Committee: C15 - Manufactured Masonry Units
• Drafting Committee: C15.03 - Concrete Masonry Units and Related Units

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM C1491-13 - Standard Specification for Concrete Roof Pavers
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2014
• Replaced By: ASTM C1491-18 - Standard Specification for Concrete Roof Pavers
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2018
• Referred By: ASTM C1232-21a - Standard Terminology for Masonry
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2014
• Referred By: ASTM C1884-23 - Standard Specification for Manufactured Concrete Ballast Units
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2014
• Referred By: ASTM C140/C140M-23 - Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Concrete Masonry Units and Related Units
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2014

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:C1491 −14
Standard Specification for
1
Concrete Roof Pavers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1491; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete
C989 Specification for Slag Cement for Use in Concrete and
1.1 This specification covers concrete roof pavers that are
Mortars
machine-made from hydraulic cement, water, and suitable
C1157 Performance Specification for Hydraulic Cement
mineral aggregates with or without the inclusion of other
C1209 Terminology of Concrete Masonry Units and Related
materials, for use as roof ballast and protection of roof
3
Units (Withdrawn 2009)
membranes.
C1232 Terminology of Masonry
NOTE 1—The design of roof ballast systems for resisting wind uplift is
C1262 Test Method for Evaluating the Freeze-Thaw Dura-
beyond the scope of this specification. Building codes and other standards
bility of Dry-Cast Segmental Retaining Wall Units and
should be consulted in designing for wind uplift resistance.
Related Concrete Units
1.2 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes
that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes
3. Terminology
(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered
3.1 Terminology defined in Terminology C1209 and Termi-
as requirements of the standard.
nology C1232 shall apply to this specification.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
4. Material
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
4.1 Cementitious Materials—Materials shall conform to the
and are not considered standard.
following applicable specifications:
4.1.1 Portland Cement—Specification C150.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.1.2 Modified Portland Cement—Portland cement con-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
forming to Specification C150, modified as follows:
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.1.2.1 Limestone—Limestone, with a minimum 85 % cal-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
cium carbonate (CaCO ) content, shall be permitted to be
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3
added to the cement, provided the requirements of Specifica-
2. Referenced Documents
tion C150 are modified as follows:
2
(1) Limitation on Insoluble Residue—1.5 %.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
(2) Limitation on Air Content of Mortar—Volume percent,
C33 Specification for Concrete Aggregates
22 % max.
C140 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Concrete
(3) Limitation on Loss on Ignition—7 %.
Masonry Units and Related Units
4.1.3 Blended Cements—Cement conforming to either
C150 Specification for Portland Cement
Specification C595 or Specification C1157.
C331 Specification for LightweightAggregates for Concrete
4.1.4 Pozzolans—Specification C618.
Masonry Units
4.1.5 Blast Furnace Slag—Specification C989.
C595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements
C618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined
4.2 Aggregates—Aggregates shall conform to the following
specifications, except that grading requirements shall not
necessarily apply:
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 on
4.2.1 Normal Weight Aggregates—Specification C33.
Manufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
4.2.2 Lightweight Aggregates—Specification C331.
C15.03 on Concrete Masonry Units and Related Units.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2014. Published December 2014. Originally
4.3 Other Constituents—Air-entraining agents, coloring
approved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as C1491 – 13. DOI:
pigments, integral water repellents, finely ground silica, and
10.1520/C1491-14.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
the ASTM website. www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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C1491−14
otherconstituentsshallbepreviouslyestablishedassuitablefor of the construction. Minor cracks incidental to the usual
use in concrete roof pavers and shall conform to applicable method of manufacture or minor chipping resulting from
ASTM standards o
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C1491 − 13 C1491 − 14
Standard Specification for
1
Concrete Roof Pavers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1491; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers concrete roof pavers that are machine-made from hydraulic cement, water, and suitable mineral
aggregates with or without the inclusion of other materials, for use as roof ballast and protection of roof membranes.
NOTE 1—The design of roof ballast systems for resisting wind uplift is beyond the scope of this specification. Building codes and other standards should
be consulted in designing for wind uplift resistance.
1.2 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes
(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C33 Specification for Concrete Aggregates
C140 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Concrete Masonry Units and Related Units
C150 Specification for Portland Cement
C331 Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for Concrete Masonry Units
C595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements
C618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete
C989 Specification for Slag Cement for Use in Concrete and Mortars
C1157 Performance Specification for Hydraulic Cement
3
C1209 Terminology of Concrete Masonry Units and Related Units (Withdrawn 2009)
C1232 Terminology of Masonry
C1262 Test Method for Evaluating the Freeze-Thaw Durability of Dry-Cast Segmental Retaining Wall Units and Related
Concrete Units
3. Terminology
3.1 Terminology defined in Terminology C1209 and Terminology C1232 shall apply to this specification.
4. Material
4.1 Cementitious Materials—Materials shall conform to the following applicable specifications:
4.1.1 Portland Cement—Specification C150.
4.1.2 Modified Portland Cement—Portland cement conforming to Specification C150, modified as follows:
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 on Manufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C15.03 on
Concrete Masonry Units and Related Units.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2013Dec. 1, 2014. Published December 2013December 2014. Originally approved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 20112013
as C1491 – 11.C1491 – 13. DOI: 10.1520/C1491-13.10.1520/C1491-14.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C1491 − 14
4.1.2.1 Limestone—Limestone, with a minimum 85 % calcium carbonate (CaCO ) content, shall be permitted to be added to the
3
cement, provided the requirements of Specification C150 are modified as follows:
(1) Limitation on Insoluble Residue—1.5 %.
(2) Limitation on Air Content of Mortar—Volume percent, 22 % max.
(3) Limitation on Loss on Ignition—7 %.
4.1.3 Blended Cements—Cement conforming to either Specification C595 or Specification C1157.
4.1.4 Pozzolans—Specification C618.
4.1.5 Blast Furnace Slag—Specification C989.
4.2 Aggregates—Aggregates shall conform to the following specifications, except that grading requirements shall not
necessarily apply:
4.2.1 Normal Weight Aggregates—Specification C33.
4.2.2 Lightweight Aggregates—Specification C331.
4.3 Other Constituents—Air-
...