ASTM D2488-09
(Practice)Standard Practice for Description and Identification of Soils (Visual-Manual Procedure)
Standard Practice for Description and Identification of Soils (Visual-Manual Procedure)
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers procedures for the description of soils for engineering purposes.
1.2 This practice also describes a procedure for identifying soils, at the option of the user, based on the classification system described in Test Method D 2487. The identification is based on visual examination and manual tests. It must be clearly stated in reporting an identification that it is based on visual-manual procedures.
1.2.1 When precise classification of soils for engineering purposes is required, the procedures prescribed in Test Method D 2487 shall be used.
1.2.2 In this practice, the identification portion assigning a group symbol and name is limited to soil particles smaller than 3 in. (75 mm).
1.2.3 The identification portion of this practice is limited to naturally occurring soils (disturbed and undisturbed).
Note 1—This practice may be used as a descriptive system applied to such materials as shale, claystone, shells, crushed rock, etc. (see Appendix X2).
1.3 The descriptive information in this practice may be used with other soil classification systems or for materials other than naturally occurring soils.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements see Section 8.
1.6 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project's many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.
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Designation: D 2488 – 09
Standard Practice for
Description and Identification of Soils (Visual-Manual
1
Procedure)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2488; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope* education or experience and should be used in conjunction
withprofessionaljudgment.Notallaspectsofthispracticemay
1.1 This practice covers procedures for the description of
be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not
soils for engineering purposes.
intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which
1.2 This practice also describes a procedure for identifying
the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged,
soils, at the option of the user, based on the classification
nor should this document be applied without consideration of
system described in Test Method D 2487. The identification is
a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the
based on visual examination and manual tests. It must be
title of this document means only that the document has been
clearly stated in reporting an identification that it is based on
approved through the ASTM consensus process.
visual-manual procedures.
1.2.1 When precise classification of soils for engineering
2. Referenced Documents
purposes is required, the procedures prescribed in Test Method
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 2487 shall be used.
D 653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
1.2.2 In this practice, the identification portion assigning a
Fluids
group symbol and name is limited to soil particles smaller than
D 1452 Practice for Soil Exploration and Sampling by
3 in. (75 mm).
Auger Borings
1.2.3 The identification portion of this practice is limited to
D 1586 Test Method for Penetration Test (SPT) and Split-
naturally occurring soils (disturbed and undisturbed).
Barrel Sampling of Soils
NOTE 1—This practice may be used as a descriptive system applied to
D 1587 Practice for Thin-Walled Tube Sampling of Soils
such materials as shale, claystone, shells, crushed rock, etc. (seeAppendix
for Geotechnical Purposes
X2).
D2113 Practice for Rock Core Drilling and Sampling of
1.3 The descriptive information in this practice may be used
Rock for Site Investigation
withothersoilclassificationsystemsorformaterialsotherthan
D 2487 Practice for Classification of Soils for Engineering
naturally occurring soils.
Purposes (Unified Soil Classification System)
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
D 3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
Used in Engineering Design and Construction
and are not considered standard.
D 4083 Practice for Description of Frozen Soils (Visual-
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Manual Procedure)
safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3. Terminology
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.1 Definitions—Except as listed below, all definitions are
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific
in accordance with Terminology D 653.
precautionary statements see Section 8.
NOTE 2—For particles retained on a 3-in. (75-mm) US standard sieve,
1.6 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing
the following definitions are suggested:
one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace
Cobbles—particles of rock that will pass a 12-in. (300-mm) square
opening and be retained on a 3-in. (75-mm) sieve, and
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and
2
Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.07 on Identification and For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Classification of Soils. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Current edition approved May 15, 2009. Published June 2009. Originally Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
approved in 1966. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D 2488 – 06. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
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D2488–09
Boulders—particles of
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This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D2488–06 Designation: D 2488 – 09
Standard Practice for
Description and Identification of Soils (Visual-Manual
1
Procedure)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2488; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This practice covers procedures for the description of soils for engineering purposes.
1.2 This practice also describes a procedure for identifying soils, at the option of the user, based on the classification system
described in Test Method D 2487. The identification is based on visual examination and manual tests. It must be clearly stated in
reporting an identification that it is based on visual-manual procedures.
1.2.1 Whenpreciseclassificationofsoilsforengineeringpurposesisrequired,theproceduresprescribedinTestMethodD 2487
shall be used.
1.2.2 In this practice, the identification portion assigning a group symbol and name is limited to soil particles smaller than 3
in. (75 mm).
1.2.3 The identification portion of this practice is limited to naturally occurring soils (disturbed and undisturbed).
NOTE 1—This practice may be used as a descriptive system applied to such materials as shale, claystone, shells, crushed rock, etc. (seeAppendix X2).
1.3 The descriptive information in this practice may be used with other soil classification systems or for materials other than
naturally occurring soils.
1.4The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements see Section 8.
1.6 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace
education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this practice may be
applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the
adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project’s
many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through
the ASTM consensus process.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
D 1452 Practice for Soil Exploration and Sampling by Auger Borings
D 1586 Test Method for Penetration Test (SPT) and Split-Barrel Sampling of Soils
D 1587 Practice for Thin-Walled Tube Sampling of Soils for Geotechnical Purposes
D2113 Practice for Rock Core Drilling and Sampling of Rock for Site Investigation
D 2487 Practice for Classification of Soils for Engineering Purposes (Unified Soil Classification System)
D 3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used in
Engineering Design and Construction
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.07 on Identification and
Classification of Soils.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2006. Published November 2006. Originally approved in 1966. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as D2488–00.
Current edition approved May 15, 2009. Published June 2009. Originally approved in 1966. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D 2488 – 06.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, Unit
...
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