ASTM F2285-04(2016)e1

Standard Consumer Safety Performance Specification for Diaper Changing Tables for Commercial Use

SCOPE
1.1 This consumer safety specification establishes safety performance requirements, test methods, and labeling requirements to minimize the hazards to children presented by diaper changing tables as identified in the introduction.  
1.2 This specification is intended to apply to diaper changing tables for commercial use. It is intended for use with children up to 3.5 years of age and weighing less than 50 lbs.  
1.3 No diaper changing table produced after the approval date of this consumer safety performance specification shall, either by label or other means, indicate compliance with this specification unless it conforms to all requirements herein.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 7, of this consumer safety specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Jul-2016
• ICS: 97.190 - Equipment for children
• Technical Committee: F15 - Consumer Products
• Drafting Committee: F15.50 - Baby Changing Tables - Commercial

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
´1
Designation:F2285 −04 (Reapproved 2016)
Standard Consumer Safety Performance Specification for
Diaper Changing Tables for Commercial Use
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2285; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
ε NOTE—Editorial changes made throughout in August 2016.
INTRODUCTION
This safety performance specification addresses diaper changing tables for use in commercial
environments.
The CPSC identified the following injuries to children associated with the use of diaper changing
tables in the residential environment: falls, stability, restraint systems, latches and folding
mechanisms, structural integrity, and deaths due to entrapment in openings. In response to the
incidents data developed by the CPSC, this safety performance specification attempts to minimize the
previously listed problems. This specification does not cover tables that are blatantly misused,
although warnings and safety instructions are required to be prominently displayed on or with each
table.
This consumer safety performance specification is not intended to address incidents and injuries
resulting from the interaction of other persons with children on tables or incidents resulting from
unforeseeable abuse or misuse.
This consumer safety performance specification is written within the current state of the art of
diaper changing table technology. It is intended that this specification will be updated whenever
substantive information becomes available which necessitates additional requirements or justifies the
revision of existing requirements.
1. Scope 1.5 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the
test method portion, Section 7, of this consumer safety speci-
1.1 This consumer safety specification establishes safety
fication: This standard does not purport to address all of the
performance requirements, test methods, and labeling require-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
ments to minimize the hazards to children presented by diaper
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
changing tables as identified in the introduction.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
1.2 This specification is intended to apply to diaper chang-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
ing tables for commercial use. It is intended for use with
children up to 3.5 years of age and weighing less than 50 lbs.
2. Referenced Documents
1.3 No diaper changing table produced after the approval
2.1 ASTM Standards:
date of this consumer safety performance specification shall,
D3359 Test Methods for Measuring Adhesion by Tape Test
either by label or other means, indicate compliance with this 3
2.2 Federal Standards:
specification unless it conforms to all requirements herein.
16 CFR-1303 Ban of Lead-Containing Paint and Certain
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded Consumer Products Bearing Lead-Containing Paint
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical 16 CFR-1500 Hazardous Substances Act Regulations in-
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only cluding sections:
and are not considered standard.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F15 on contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Consumer Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F15.50 on Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Baby Changing Tables - Commercial. the ASTM website.
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2016. Published August 2016. Originally AvailablefromU.S.GovernmentPrintingOfficeSuperintendentofDocuments,
approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as F2285 – 04 (2010). 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http://
DOI: 10.1520/F2285-04R16E01. www.access.gpo.gov.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
´1
F2285−04 (2016)
16 CFR 1500.48 Technical Requirements for Determining a 4.2 The unit shall be completely assembled, unless other-
Sharp Point in Toys or OtherArticles Intended for Use by wise noted, in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
Children Under Eight Years of Age
4.3 No testing shall be conducted within 48 h of manufac-
16 CFR 1500.49 Technical Requirements for Determining a
turing.
Sharp Metal or Glass Edge in Toys or Other Articles
4.4 The product to be tested shall be in a room with an
Intended for Use by Children Under Eight Years of Age
16 CFR 1500.50-52 Tests Methods for Simulating Use and ambient temperature of 73 6 9°F (23 6 5°C) for at least 1 h
prior to testing. Testing shall then be conducted within this
Abuse of Toys and Other Articles Intended for Use by
Children temperature range.
16 CFR 1501 Method for Identifying Toys and Other Ar-
4.5 All testing required by this specification shall be con-
ticles Intended for Use by Children Under Three Years of
ducted on the same unit.
Age Which Present Choking, Aspiration, or Ingestion
Hazards Because of Small Parts
5. General Requirements
2.3 Other Documents:
5.1 The unit shall conform to the federal regulations speci-
CAMI Infant Dummy, Mark II (see Fig. 1)
fied in section 2.2 of this specification both before and after all
testing.
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
5.2 Before and after testing, any exposed parts shall be
3.1.1 conspicuous, n—alabelwhichisvisible,whentheunit
smooth and free of splinters.
is in a manufacturer’s recommended use position, to a person
5.3 Latching Mechanisms—Any unit that folds, and will not
standing near the unit at any one position around the unit, but
remain in the open position without force being applied to it,
not necessarily visible from all positions.
shall have a latching device or other provision in the design
3.1.2 manufacturer’s recommended use position, n—any
that will prevent the unit from unintentional folding when
position, which is presented as a normal, allowable, or accept-
properly placed in the manufacturer’s recommended use posi-
ableconfigurationforuseoftheproductbythemanufacturerin
tion. Products with latching devices for prevention of uninten-
any descriptive or instructional literature. This specifically
tional folding shall be tested in accordance with 7.1. During
excludes positions that the manufacturer shows in a like
and upon completion of this test, the unit shall remain latched
manner in its literature to be unacceptable, unsafe, or not
in its manufacturer’s recommended use position.
recommended.
5.4 Openings—Any shaped holes, slots, or cracks that exist
3.1.3 static load, n—a vertically downward load applied by
in or around the table that is in its manufacturer’s recom-
a dead weight or other means.
mended use position and that are accessible to the toes or
fingers of the occupant, through or recessed, or both, into the
4. General Testing Requirements
surface of any rigid material that admit a 0.210-in. (5.33-mm)
4.1 All testing shall be conducted on a concrete floor that
diameter rod, also shall admit a 0.375-in. (9.53-mm) diameter
may be covered with ⁄8-in. (3-mm) thick vinyl floor covering,
rod. Openings that have a minimum dimension between 0.210
unless test instructs differently.
in. and 0.375 in. shall be permissible, providing the depth is no
greater than the minimum dimension of the opening.
5.5 Scissoring, Shearing, Pinching, Crushing—The table,
when in the manufacturer’s recommended use position, and
parts that are accessible to the toes or fingers of the occupant
in the table, shall be designed and constructed to prevent injury
from any scissoring, shearing, or pinching when members or
components rotate about a common axis or fastening point,
slide, pivot, fold, or otherwise move relative to one another.
Scissoring, shearing, or pinching exists when the edges of the
rigid parts admit a probe greater than 0.210-in. (5.33-mm)
diameter and less than 0.375-in. (9.53-mm) diameter at any
accessible point throughout the range of motion of such parts.
5.6 Labeling—Decorative labels, warning labels, or warn-
ings applied directly onto the surface of the product by hot
stamping,heattransfer,printing,orwoodburning,etc.,shallbe
permanent when tested in accordance with 7.4.
5.7 The forces that are to be applied to the sample in the test
methods of this specification are applied readily by means of a
calibrated force gage, or in the case of static load and dynamic
FIG. 1CAMI Dummy, Mark II load test methods, by calibrated weights.
´1
F2285−04 (2016)
6. Performance Requirements 7.2.2 Place the specified weight from 6.1upona6by 6-in.
(150 by 150-mm) wood block ⁄4 in. (19 mm) thick in the unit
6.1 Static Load:
at the location called for in 6.1. Gradually apply the weight
6.1.1 A table shall support a static load of 100 lb (45.5 kg)
within 5 s and maintain for an additional 60 s.
when placed in the approximate center of the area intended to
support the infant occupant.
7.3 Restraining System Integrity and Occupant Retention
6.1.2 Test methods shall be performed in accordance with
Test Methods:
7.2. At the conclusion of the test method, there shall be no
7.3.1 Restraining System Integrity Test Method:
unacceptable conditions as identified within this specification
7.3.1.1 Secure the test model so that it cannot move hori-
(see Note 1).
zontally.
NOTE 1—For the purpose of this specification, the unacceptable 7.3.1.2 Apply a force of 45 lbf (200 N) to a single
conditions that might be identified by the static load test methods shall be
attachment point of the restraint system in the normal use
tip over, collapse of the product or a component of the product, sharp
direction(s) that stress would be applied to that attachment.
edges or points, and small parts.
Gradually apply the force within 5 s and maintain for an
6.2 Restraining System—All products covered by this speci-
additional 10 s.
fication must have a child restraint system. The manufacturer
7.3.1.3 Repeat 7.3.1.2 for a total of five times with a
shallattachtherestraintsysteminsuchamannertha
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: F2285 − 04 (Reapproved 2010) F2285 − 04 (Reapproved 2016)
Standard Consumer Safety Performance Specification for
Diaper Changing Tables for Commercial Use
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2285; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
ε NOTE—Editorial changes made throughout in August 2016.
INTRODUCTION
This safety performance specification addresses diaper changing tables for use in commercial
environments.
The CPSC identified the following injuries to children associated with the use of diaper changing
tables in the residential environment: falls, stability, restraint systems, latches and folding
mechanisms, structural integrity, and deaths due to entrapment in openings. In response to the
incidents data developed by the CPSC, this safety performance specification attempts to minimize the
previously listed problems. This specification does not cover tables that are blatantly misused,
although warnings and safety instructions are required to be prominently displayed on or with each
table.
This consumer safety performance specification is not intended to address incidents and injuries
resulting from the interaction of other persons with children on tables or incidents resulting from
unforeseeable abuse or misuse.
This consumer safety performance specification is written within the current state of the art of
diaper changing table technology. It is intended that this specification will be updated whenever
substantive information becomes available which necessitates additional requirements or justifies the
revision of existing requirements.
1. Scope
1.1 This consumer safety specification establishes safety performance requirements, test methods, and labeling requirements to
minimize the hazards to children presented by diaper changing tables as identified in the introduction.
1.2 This specification is intended to apply to diaper changing tables for commercial use. It is intended for use with children up
to 3.5 years of age and weighing less than 50 lbs.
1.3 No diaper changing table produced after the approval date of this consumer safety performance specification shall, either
by label or other means, indicate compliance with this specification unless it conforms to all requirements herein.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 7, of this consumer safety specification:
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the
user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations
prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D3359 Test Methods for Measuring Adhesion by Tape Test
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F15 on Consumer Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F15.50 on Baby Changing
Tables - CommericalCommercial.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2010Aug. 1, 2016. Published December 2010August 2016. Originally approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 20042010
as F2285 – 04.F2285 – 04 (2010). DOI: 10.1520/F2285-04R10.10.1520/F2285-04R16E01.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
´1
F2285 − 04 (2016)
2.2 Federal Standards:
16 CFR-1303 Ban of Lead-Containing Paint and Certain Consumer Products Bearing Lead-Containing Paint
16 CFR-1500 Hazardous Substances Act Regulations including sections:
16 CFR 1500.48 Technical Requirements for Determining a Sharp Point in Toys or Other Articles Intended for Use by Children
Under Eight Years of Age
16 CFR 1500.49 Technical Requirements for Determining a Sharp Metal or Glass Edge in Toys or Other Articles Intended for
Use by Children Under Eight Years of Age
16 CFR 1500.50-52 Tests Methods for Simulating Use and Abuse of Toys and Other Articles Intended for Use by Children
16 CFR 1501 Method for Identifying Toys and Other Articles Intended for Use by Children Under Three Years of Age Which
Present Choking, Aspiration, or Ingestion Hazards Because of Small Parts
2.3 Other Documents:
CAMI Infant Dummy, Mark II (see Fig. 1)
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 conspicuous, n—a label which is visible, when the unit is in a manufacturer’s recommended use position, to a person
standing near the unit at any one position around the unit, but not necessarily visible from all positions.
3.1.2 manufacturer’s recommended use position, n—any position, which is presented as a normal, allowable, or acceptable
configuration for use of the product by the manufacturer in any descriptive or instructional literature. This specifically excludes
positions that the manufacturer shows in a like manner in its literature to be unacceptable, unsafe, or not recommended.
3.1.3 static load, n—a vertically downward load applied by a dead weight or other means.
4. General Testing Requirements
4.1 All testing shall be conducted on a concrete floor that may be covered with ⁄8-in. (3-mm) thick vinyl floor covering, unless
test instructs differently.
4.2 The unit shall be completely assembled, unless otherwise noted, in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
4.3 No testing shall be conducted within 48 h of manufacturing.
4.4 The product to be tested shall be in a room with an ambient temperature of 73 6 9°F (23 6 5°C) for at least 1 h prior to
testing. Testing shall then be conducted within this temperature range.
4.5 All testing required by this specification shall be conducted on the same unit.
Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents, 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http://
www.access.gpo.gov.
FIG. 1 CAMI Dummy, Mark II
´1
F2285 − 04 (2016)
5. General Requirements
5.1 The unit shall conform to the federal regulations specified in section 2.2 of this specification both before and after all testing.
5.2 Before and after testing, any exposed parts shall be smooth and free of splinters.
5.3 Latching Mechanisms—Any unit that folds, and will not remain in the open position without force being applied to it, shall
have a latching device or other provision in the design that will prevent the unit from unintentional folding when properly placed
in the manufacturer’s recommended use position. Products with latching devices for prevention of unintentional folding shall be
tested in accordance with 7.1. During and upon completion of this test, the unit shall remain latched in its manufacturer’s
recommended use position.
5.4 Openings—Any shaped holes, slots, or cracks that exist in or around the table that is in its manufacturer’s recommended
use position and that are accessible to the toes or fingers of the occupant, through or recessed, or both, into the surface of any rigid
material that admit a 0.210-in. (5.33-mm) diameter rod, also shall admit a 0.375-in. (9.53-mm) diameter rod. Openings that have
a minimum dimension between 0.210 in. and 0.375 in. shall be permissible, providing the depth is no greater than the minimum
dimension of the opening.
5.5 Scissoring, Shearing, Pinching, Crushing—The table, when in the manufacturer’s recommended use position, and parts that
are accessible to the toes or fingers of the occupant in the table, shall be designed and constructed to prevent injury from any
scissoring, shearing, or pinching when members or components rotate about a common axis or fastening point, slide, pivot, fold,
or otherwise move relative to one another. Scissoring, shearing, or pinching exists when the edges of the rigid parts admit a probe
greater than 0.210-in. (5.33-mm) diameter and less than 0.375-in. (9.53-mm) diameter at any accessible point throughout the range
of motion of such parts.
5.6 Labeling—Decorative labels, warning labels, or warnings applied directly onto the surface of the product by hot stamping,
heat transfer, printing, or wood burning, etc., shall be permanent when tested in accordance with 7.4.
5.7 The forces that are to be applied to the sample in the test methods of this specification are applied readily by means of a
calibrated force gage, or in the case of static load and dynamic load test methods, by calibrated weights.
6. Performance Requirements
6.1 Static Load:
6.1.1 A table shall support a static load of 100 lb.lb (45.5 kg) when placed in the approximate center of the area intended to
support the infant occupant.
6.1.2 Test methods shall be performed in accordance with 7.2. At the conclusion of the test method, there shall be no
unacceptable conditions as identified within this specification (see Note 1).
NOTE 1—For the purpose of this specification, the unacceptable conditions that might be identified by the static load test methods shall be tip over,
collapse of the product or a component of the product, sharp edges or points, and small parts.
6.2 Restraining System—All products covered by this specification must have a child restraint system. The manufacturer shall
attach the restraint system in such a manner that it will not become detached through normal usage. The restraint system shall
include a waist restraint.
6.2.1 Restraining System—Test methods for all restraining systems shall be in accordance with 7.3. The closing mechanisms
shall not part or slip more than 1 in. (25 mm). The anchorages shall not separate from their attachment points. At the end of the
tests, the CAMI dummy shall not be released fully.
6.3 Protective Components—If a child can grasp components between the thumb and forefinger, or teeth, such as caps, sleeves,
or plugs used for protection from sharp edges, points, or entrapm
...