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ASTM D1125-23

(Test Method)

Standard Test Methods for Electrical Conductivity and Resistivity of Water

Standard Test Methods for Electrical Conductivity and Resistivity of Water

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods are applicable for such purposes as impurity detection and, in some cases, the quantitative measurement of ionic constituents dissolved in waters. These include dissolved electrolytes in natural and treated waters, such as boiler water, boiler feedwater, cooling water, and saline and brackish water.  
4.1.1 Their concentration may range from trace levels in pure waters (2)4 to significant levels in condensed steam (see Test Methods D2186 and D4519, and Ref (3)), or pure salt solutions.  
4.1.2 Where the principal interest in the use of conductivity methods is to determine steam purity, see Ref (4). These test methods may also be used for checking the correctness of water analyses (5).
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the electrical conductivity and resistivity of water. The following test methods are included:    
Range  
Sections  
Test Method A—Field and Routine Laboratory  
10 to 200 000  
12 to 18  
Measurement of Static (Non-Flowing) Samples  
μS/cm  
Test Method B—Continuous In-Line Measure  
5 to 200 000  
19 to 23  
ment  
μS/cm  
1.2 These test methods have been tested in reagent water. It is the user's responsibility to ensure the validity of these test methods for waters of untested matrices.  
1.3 For measurements below the range of these test methods, refer to Test Method D5391.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-Mar-2023
ICS
13.060.60 - Examination of physical properties of water
Technical Committee
D19 - Water
Drafting Committee
D19.03 - Sampling Water and Water-Formed Deposits, Analysis of Water for Power Generation and Process Use, On-Line Water Analysis, and Surveillance of Water
Current Stage
Ref Project

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ASTM D1125-23 - Standard Test Methods for Electrical Conductivity and Resistivity of Water
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Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D1125 − 23
Standard Test Methods for
1
Electrical Conductivity and Resistivity of Water
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1125; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
D1192 Guide for Equipment for Sampling Water and Steam
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the
3
in Closed Conduits (Withdrawn 2003)
electrical conductivity and resistivity of water. The following
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
test methods are included:
D2186 Test Methods for Deposit-Forming Impurities in
Range Sections
3
Steam (Withdrawn 2014)
Test Method A—Field and Routine Laboratory 10 to 200 000 12 to 18
Measurement of Static (Non-Flowing) μS/cm D2777 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of
Samples
Applicable Test Methods of Committee D19 on Water
Test Method B—Continuous In-Line Measure 5 to 200 000 19 to 23
D3370 Practices for Sampling Water from Flowing Process
ment μS/cm
Streams
1.2 These test methods have been tested in reagent water. It
D4519 Test Method for On-Line Determination of Anions
is the user’s responsibility to ensure the validity of these test
and Carbon Dioxide in High Purity Water by Cation
methods for waters of untested matrices.
Exchange and Degassed Cation Conductivity
1.3 For measurements below the range of these test
D5391 Test Method for Electrical Conductivity and Resis-
methods, refer to Test Method D5391.
tivity of a Flowing High Purity Water Sample (Withdrawn
3
2023)
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
E2251 Specification for Liquid-in-Glass ASTM Thermom-
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
eters with Low-Hazard Precision Liquids
standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3. Terminology
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1 Definitions:
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.1 electrical conductivity, n—the reciprocal of the a-c
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
resistance in ohms measured between opposite faces of a
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
centimetre cube of an aqueous solution at a specified tempera-
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
ture.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
3.1.1.1 Discussion—The unit of electrical conductivity is
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
siemens per centimetre. (The previously used units of mhos/cm
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
are numerically equivalent to S/cm.) The actual resistance of
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
the cell, R , is measured in ohms. The conductance, 1/R , is
x x
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2
directly proportional to the cross-sectional area, A (in cm ), and
2. Referenced Documents
inversely proportional to the length of the path, L (in cm):
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1/R 5 K·A/L
x
D1066 Practice for Sampling Steam
The conductance measured between opposite faces of a cen-
timetre cube, K, is called conductivity. Conductivity values
1 are usually expressed in microsiemens/centimetre or in
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of Committee D19 on Water and
siemens/centimetre at a specified temperature, normally
are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.03 on Sampling Water and
Water-Formed Deposits, Analysis of Water for Power Generation and Process Use, 25°C.
On-Line Water Analysis, and Surveillance of Water.
3.1.2 electrical resistivity, n—the a-c resistance in ohms
Current edition approved April 1, 2023. Published April 2023. Originally
measured between opposite faces of a centimetre cube of an
approved in 1950. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as D1125 – 14 which was
withdrawn January 2023 and reinstated in April 2023. DOI: 10.1520/D1125-23.
aqueous solution at a specified temperature.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
the ASTM website. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr
...

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5.1 Turbidity is monitored to help control processes, monitor the health and biology of aquatic environments and to determine the impact of environmental events such as storms, floods, runoff, etc. Turbidity is undesirable in drinking water, plant-effluent waters, water for food and beverage production, and for a large number of other water-dependent manufacturing processes. Turbidity is often reduced by coagulation, sedimentation and water filtration. The measurement of turbidity may indicate the presence of particle-bound contaminants and is vital for monitoring the completion of a particle-waste settling process. Significant uses of turbidity measurements include:  
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1.1 This test method covers the in-situ field measurements of turbidity in surface water. The measurement range is greater than 1 TU and the lesser of 10 000 TU or the maximum measurable TU value specified by the turbidimeter manufacturer.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Conductivity measurements are typically made on samples of moderate to high ionic strength where contamination of open samples in routine laboratory handling is negligible. Under those conditions, standard temperature compensation using coefficients of 1 to 3 % of reading per degree Celsius over wide concentration ranges is appropriate. In contrast, this test method requires special considerations to reduce trace contamination and accommodates the high and variable temperature coefficients of pure water samples that can range as high as 7 % of reading per degree Celsius. In addition, measuring instrument design performance must be proven under high purity conditions.  
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of electrical conductivity and resistivity of high purity water samples below 10 μS/cm (above 0.1 Mohm-cm). It is applicable to both continuous and periodic measurements but in all cases, the water must be flowing in order to provide representative sampling. Static grab sampling cannot be used for such high purity water. Continuous measurements are made directly in pure water process lines, or in side stream sample lines to enable measurements on high temperature or high pressure samples, or both.  
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ABSTRACT
This test method covers the apparatus and procedure for the electrometric measurement of oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) in water. The test method described has been designed for the routine and process measurement of oxidation-reduction potential. ORP is defined as the electromotive force between a noble metal electrode and a reference electrode when immersed in a solution. The ORP electrodes are inert and measure the ratio of the activities of the oxidized to the reduced species present. In addition, the ORP electrodes reliably measure ORP in nearly all aqueous solutions and in general are not subject to solution interference from color, turbidity, colloidal matter, and suspended matter. The apparatus to be used in the measurement of ORP includes: pH meter, reference electrode, oxidation-reduction electrode and electrode assembly. Materials necessary in the procedure for ORP measurement include chemical reagents, aqua regia, water, buffer standard salts, phthalate reference buffer solution, phosphate reference buffer solution, chromic acid cleaning solution, detergent, nitric acid, redox standard solution or ferrous-ferric reference solution, and redox reference quinhydrone solutions.
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Standard Practices for Preparation and Preliminary Testing of Water-Formed Deposits

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Deposits in piping from aqueous process streams serve as an indicator of fouling, corrosion or scaling. Rapid techniques of analysis are useful in identifying the nature of the deposit so that the reason for deposition can be ascertained.  
4.2 Possible treatment schemes can be devised to prevent deposition from reoccurring.  
4.3 Deposits formed from or by water in all its phases may be further classified as scale, sludge, corrosion products or biological deposits. The overall composition of a deposit or some part of a deposit may be determined by chemical or spectrographic analysis; the constituents actually present as chemical substances may be identified by microscope or X-ray.
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5.1 This test method was developed for the purpose of measuring gross alpha radioactivity in water. It is used for the analysis of both process and environmental water to determine gross alpha activity which is often a result of natural radioactivity present in minerals.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of alpha particle activity of water. It is applicable to nuclides that emit alpha particles with energies above 3.9 MeV and at activity levels above 0.02 Bq/mL (540 pCi/L) of radioactive homogeneous water. This test method is not applicable to samples containing alpha-emitting radionuclides that are volatile under conditions of the analysis.  
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Standard Test Method for In-situ Determination of Turbidity Above 1 Turbidity Unit (TU) in Surface Water

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Turbidity is monitored to help control processes, monitor the health and biology of aquatic environments and to determine the impact of environmental events such as storms, floods, runoff, etc. Turbidity is undesirable in drinking water, plant-effluent waters, water for food and beverage production, and for a large number of other water-dependent manufacturing processes. Turbidity is often reduced by coagulation, sedimentation and water filtration. The measurement of turbidity may indicate the presence of particle-bound contaminants and is vital for monitoring the completion of a particle-waste settling process. Significant uses of turbidity measurements include:  
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5.1.5 Monitor waterside construction, mining, and dredging operations;  
5.1.6 Characterization of wastewater and energy-production effluents;  
5.1.7 Tracking water-well completion including development and use; and  
5.1.8 As a surrogate for other constituents in water including sediment and sediment-associated constituents.  
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SCOPE
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Standard Test Method for Electrical Conductivity and Resistivity of a Flowing High Purity Water Sample

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Conductivity measurements are typically made on samples of moderate to high ionic strength where contamination of open samples in routine laboratory handling is negligible. Under those conditions, standard temperature compensation using coefficients of 1 to 3 % of reading per degree Celsius over wide concentration ranges is appropriate. In contrast, this test method requires special considerations to reduce trace contamination and accommodates the high and variable temperature coefficients of pure water samples that can range as high as 7 % of reading per degree Celsius. In addition, measuring instrument design performance must be proven under high purity conditions.  
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SCOPE
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1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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