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ASTM F2252/F2252M-13e1

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Evaluating Ink or Coating Adhesion to Flexible Packaging Materials Using Tape

Standard Practice for Evaluating Ink or Coating Adhesion to Flexible Packaging Materials Using Tape

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Poor adhesion of ink or coating to the base substrate can impact the readability of printed materials, affect the functionality of coated materials, or create a source of contamination. This practice provides a means for evaluating the adhesion of ink or coating to a flexible packaging material.  
3.2 For purposes of resolving inter-laboratory disagreements, test methods developed from this practice may be improved by defining and controlling the pressure and method of tape application, (for example, using weighted roller), and the speed and angle of tape removal.  
3.3 This practice does not address acceptability criteria. These need to be jointly determined by the user and producer of the product.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes a means of evaluating ink or coating adhesion to flexible packaging materials. This practice is intended for use on flexible packaging materials whose surfaces are not damaged by the application and removal of tape.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Apr-2013
ICS
87.080 - Inks. Printing inks
Technical Committee
F02 - Primary Barrier Packaging
Drafting Committee
F02.20 - Physical Properties
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM F2252-13 - Standard Practice for Evaluating Ink or Coating Adhesion to Flexible Packaging Materials Using Tape
Effective Date
01-May-2013
Replaced By
ASTM F2252/F2252M-13(2018) - Standard Practice for Evaluating Ink or Coating Adhesion to Flexible Packaging Materials Using Tape
Effective Date
01-Sep-2018

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ASTM F2252/F2252M-13e1 - Standard Practice for Evaluating Ink or Coating Adhesion to Flexible Packaging Materials Using TapeASTM F2252/F2252M-13e1 - Standard Practice for Evaluating Ink or Coating Adhesion to Flexible Packaging Materials Using Tape
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ASTM F2252/F2252M-13e1 - Standard Practice for Evaluating Ink or Coating Adhesion to Flexible Packaging Materials Using Tape
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
´1
Designation: F2252/F2252M − 13
Standard Practice for
Evaluating Ink or Coating Adhesion to Flexible Packaging
1
Materials Using Tape
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationF2252/F2252M;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyear
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
ε NOTE—Designation was corrected editorially in October 2013.
1. Scope method of tape application, (for example, using weighted
roller), and the speed and angle of tape removal.
1.1 This practice describes a means of evaluating ink or
coating adhesion to flexible packaging materials. This practice 3.3 This practice does not address acceptability criteria.
is intended for use on flexible packaging materials whose These need to be jointly determined by the user and producer
surfaces are not damaged by the application and removal of of the product.
tape.
4. Apparatus
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
4.1 3M #610 or Sellotape office adhesive tape is commonly
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
3
used for this procedure, typically 19 to 25 mm ( ⁄4 to 1 in.)
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
wide. Whichever tape is chosen should be agreed upon by
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
customer and supplier.
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
4.1.1 Manufacturers storage and shelf-life recommenda-
with the standard.
tions should be followed or acceptability determined through
real-time aging and laboratory tests. Test Method D3330/
2. Referenced Documents
D3330M gives guidance on testing. Again, as stated in 3.3,
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
acceptability criteria is a matter of agreement between cus-
D3330/D3330M Test Method for PeelAdhesion of Pressure-
tomer and supplier.
Sensitive Tape
E171 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Flexible Barrier
5. Sampling
Packaging
5.1 The number of samples tested should be adequate to be
predictive of performance. Caution should be taken when
3. Significance and Use
eliminating samples with defects as this can bias results.
3.1 Poor adhesion of ink or coating to the base substrate can
6. Conditioning
impact the readability of printed materials, affect the function-
ality of coated materials, or create a source of contamination.
6.1 Conditioning of the samples will depend on the material
This practice provides a means for evaluating the adhesion of under evaluation. If conditioning before testing is appropriate,
ink or coating to a flexible packaging material.
normal, and desirable, refer to E171 for guidance.
3.2 For purposes of resolving inter-laboratory 6.2 Before testing catalyzed or cured inks or coatings, or
disagreements, test methods developed from this practice may
both, ensure that the samples have been exposed to the
be improved by defining and controlling the pressure and appropriate conditions for sufficient time to allow complete
cure.
7. Procedure
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F02 on Flexible
7.1 Lay sample to be tested on a flat surface. Sample should
Barrier Packaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F02.20 on
Physical
...

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1.1 This practice describes the procedure for evaluating the ability of an ink, overprint varnish or coating to withstand chemical exposure. Typical chemicals, which may come in contact with the package, include water, alcohol, acid, etc. The specific chemical and method of choice as well as determination of measurement outcome are left to users to agree upon in joint discussion. Suggestions for ways to measure and collect information are offered in the various methods listed in this practice.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
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Standard Practice for Evaluating Ink or Coating Adhesion to Flexible Packaging Materials Using Tape

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Poor adhesion of ink or coating to the base substrate can impact the readability of printed materials, affect the functionality of coated materials, or create a source of contamination. This practice provides a means for evaluating the adhesion of ink or coating to a flexible packaging material.  
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1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Inadequate setting or drying of sheetfed inks, or both, can cause blocking of stacked prints with subsequent loss of product. “Setting” of an ink refers to the rapid rise in viscosity of the printed ink film, sometimes accompanied by surface drying, that prevents transference of the undried ink film to adjacent surfaces under light pressure. “Setting” is a property of the ink-substrate combination. Inadequate drying may be due to several factors, but the primary causes are: (1) omission of metallic driers from the ink, improper ink formulation (2) unusual ink-substrate interactions, and (3) use of a fountain solution that is too acidic. If the test prints are made on a standard laboratory proof press, where there is no application of fountain solution, then only the first three possible causes can be evaluated. If the prints have been made on a commercial production printing press or some other acceptable means of introducing the fountain solution into the ink agreed upon, then the effect of fountain solution can be determined. It will often be necessary to run several tests to isolate the specific cause of a drying problem.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the procedure for determining the drying time of oxidative-drying printing inks (also referred to as “sheetfed inks”) by squalene resistance of printed ink films.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to all paste inks that dry primarily by oxidation regardless of the substrate on which they are printed. With appropriate changes in the test fluid, it may also be used with paste inks that dry by other mechanisms, such as heatset or ultraviolet light.  
1.3 This test method utilizes a modified rub tester and is intended to serve as a “referee” procedure when laboratories, using less rigorous test procedures (see Appendix X1), cannot agree on their results.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D6688-20(Practice)
Standard Practice for Relative Resistance of Printed Matter to Liquid Chemicals by a Sandwich Technique

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Many types of printed matter, notably container labels, packaging materials, magazine and book covers, must be resistant to liquid materials that may contact them advertently or inadvertently. This practice permits an assessment of resistance of printed matter to several types of liquids.  
4.2 The requirement that a reference print be run at the same time as the test print minimizes effects of atmospheric conditions (humidity and temperature) and other variations which may develop.  
4.3 This practice can be used to determine whether new formulations are suitable for the end-use purpose and for specification acceptance between producer and user.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the evaluation of the relative resistance of printed matter to liquid chemicals, as evidenced by lack of discoloration, bleeding, or loss of gloss.  
1.2 This practice utilizes a sandwich procedure similar in principle to ISO/TC 130 N 589. Spotting or immersion procedures are covered in Test Methods D1308, D1647, and D2248.  
1.3 This practice is applicable to prints on any flat substrate including paper, paperboard, metallic foil, metal plate, and plastic films, and produced by any printing process including letterpress, offset lithography, flexography, gravure, silk screen, and non-impact.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 7.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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