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ASTM D3174-00

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Ash in the Analysis Sample of Coal and Coke from Coal

Standard Test Method for Ash in the Analysis Sample of Coal and Coke from Coal

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the inorganic residue as ash in the analysis sample of coal or coke as prepared in accordance with Method D2013 or Practice D346. The results obtained can be applied as the ash in the proximate analysis, Practice D3172, and in the ultimate analysis, Practice D3176. For the determination of the constituents in ash, reference is made to Test Methods D2795 and D3682. See Terminology D121 for definition of ash.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Apr-2000
ICS
75.160.10 - Solid fuels
Technical Committee
D05 - Coal and Coke
Drafting Committee
D05.21 - Methods of Analysis
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Referred By
ASTM D5016-16 - Standard Test Method for Total Sulfur in Coal and Coke Combustion Residues Using a High-Temperature Tube Furnace Combustion Method with Infrared Absorption
Effective Date
10-Apr-2000
Referred By
ASTM D2013/D2013M-21 - Standard Practice for Preparing Coal Samples for Analysis
Effective Date
10-Apr-2000
Referred By
ASTM D3176-15 - Standard Practice for Ultimate Analysis of Coal and Coke
Effective Date
10-Apr-2000
Referred By
ASTM D7448-16 - Standard Practice for Establishing the Competence of Laboratories Using ASTM Procedures in the Sampling and Analysis of Coal and Coke (Withdrawn 2024)
Effective Date
10-Apr-2000
Referred By
ASTM D121-15 - Standard Terminology of Coal and Coke
Effective Date
10-Apr-2000
Referred By
ASTM D1857/D1857M-18 - Standard Test Method for Fusibility of Coal and Coke Ash
Effective Date
10-Apr-2000
Referred By
ASTM D7582-15 - Standard Test Methods for Proximate Analysis of Coal and Coke by Macro Thermogravimetric Analysis
Effective Date
10-Apr-2000
Referred By
ASTM D5114/D5114M-90(2018)e1 - Standard Test Method for Laboratory Froth Flotation of Coal in a Mechanical Cell
Effective Date
10-Apr-2000
Referred By
ASTM D388-23 - Standard Classification of Coals by Rank
Effective Date
10-Apr-2000
Referred By
ASTM E136-22 - Standard Test Method for Assessing Combustibility of Materials Using a Vertical Tube Furnace at 750 °C
Effective Date
10-Apr-2000
Referred By
ASTM D6349-21 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Major and Minor Elements in Coal, Coke, and Solid Residues from Combustion of Coal and Coke by Inductively Coupled Plasma—Atomic Emission Spectrometry
Effective Date
10-Apr-2000
Referred By
ASTM D7348-21 - Standard Test Methods for Loss on Ignition (LOI) of Solid Combustion Residues
Effective Date
10-Apr-2000
Referred By
ASTM D6357-21b - Standard Test Methods for Determination of Trace Elements in Coal, Coke, and Combustion Residues from Coal Utilization Processes by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry, Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry, and Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
Effective Date
10-Apr-2000
Referred By
ASTM D3682-21 - Standard Test Method for Major and Minor Elements in Combustion Residues from Coal Utilization Processes by Atomic Spectrometry
Effective Date
10-Apr-2000
Referred By
ASTM D3180-15 - Standard Practice for Calculating Coal and Coke Analyses from As-Determined to Different Bases
Effective Date
10-Apr-2000

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ASTM D3174-00 - Standard Test Method for Ash in the Analysis Sample of Coal and Coke from CoalASTM D3174-00 - Standard Test Method for Ash in the Analysis Sample of Coal and Coke from Coal
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ASTM D3174-00 - Standard Test Method for Ash in the Analysis Sample of Coal and Coke from Coal
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D 3174 – 00
Standard Test Method for
Ash in the Analysis Sample of Coal and Coke from Coal
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3174; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Summary of Test Method
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the inor- 3.1 Ash is determined by weighing the residue remaining
ganic residue as ash in the analysis sample of coal or coke as after burning the coal or coke under rigidly controlled condi-
preparedinaccordancewithMethodD2013orPracticeD346. tions of sample weight, temperature, time, atmosphere, and
The results obtained can be applied as the ash in the proximate equipment specifications.
analysis,PracticeD3172,andintheultimateanalysis,Practice
4. Significance and Use
D3176. For the determination of the constituents in ash,
reference is made to Test Methods D2795 and D3682. See 4.1 Ash, as determined by this test method, is the residue
remainingafterburningthecoalandcoke.Ashobtaineddiffers
Terminology D121 for definition of ash.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the in composition from the inorganic constituents present in the
original coal. Incineration causes an expulsion of all water, the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- loss of carbon dioxide from carbonates, the conversion of iron
pyrites into ferric oxide, and other chemical reactions.Ash, as
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. determined by this test method, will differ in amount from ash
produced in furnace operations and other firing systems be-
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
standard. cause incineration conditions influence the chemistry and
amount of the ash. References for correcting ash results
2. Referenced Documents
determined by this test method to a mineral-matter-free basis
2.1 ASTM Standards: are listed in Classification D388, Section 8.
D121 Terminology of Coal and Coke
5. Apparatus
D346 Practice for Collection and Preparation of Coke
5.1 Electric Muffle Furnace for Coal or Coke—For deter-
Samples for Laboratory Analysis
D388 Classification of Coals by Rank mination of ash of coal, the furnace shall have an adequate air
circulation and be capable of having its temperature regulated
D1756 Test Method for Determination as Carbon Dioxide
of Carbonate Carbon in Coal at 700 to 750°C. The furnace shall be equipped with a
temperatureindicatorandmeansofcontrollingthetemperature
D1757 Test Method for Sulfate Sulfur in Ash from Coal
and Coke within prescribed limits. Means shall be provided for main-
D2013 Method of Preparing Coal Samples for Analysis tainingairflowatarateoftwotofourchangesperminute(see
Fig. 1 and Fig. 2). Combustion gases shall be vented from
D2795 Test Methods for Analysis of Coal and Coke Ash
D3172 Practice for ProximateAnalysis of Coal and Coke laboratory. Inlet and outlet ports shall be located and arranged
to distribute the air uniformly throughout the furnace area
D3173 TestMethodforMoistureintheAnalysisSampleof
Coal and Coke without the possibility of sweeping solid particles from the
capsules. The temperature over the entire working area of the
D3176 Practice for Ultimate Analysis of Coal and Coke
D3180 Practice for Calculating Coal and Coke Analyses furnace floor shall be maintained within the specified tempera-
ture limits.
from As-Determined to Different Bases
D3682 TestMethodforMajorandMinorElementsinCoal 5.2 Porcelain Capsules, about 22 mm ( ⁄8 in.) in depth, and
44 mm (1 ⁄4 in.) in diameter, or similar shallow dishes or
and Coke Ash by the Atomic Absorption Method
platinum crucibles.
5.3 Balance, sensitive to 0.1 mg.
5.4 Crucible Cover, aluminum, porcelain, or similar covers.
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD-5onCoaland
Coke and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D05.21 on Methods of
6. Temperature Calibration
Analysis.
Current edition approved April 10, 2000. Published July 2000. Originally
6.1 Place a preignited capsule with 1 g of sand at the center
e1
published as D3174–73. Last previous edition D3174–97 .
of the working area of the furnace, and by the use of a
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.06.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 3174
(Suggested method for inducing regulated air flow through ashing furnace.)
FIG. 1 Air Aspirator
potentiometer and thermocouple or other suitable temperature samples so that a final temperature of 950°C is reached by the
measuring device, measure the temperature of the sand in the end of the second hour. Continue to heat at the final tempera-
crucible. The crucible and sand should be at temperature ture for additional 2 h (Note 1). Remove the capsule from the
equilibrium with the furnace. There should be two to four air muffle,placethecoveronthecapsule,coolunderconditionsto
changes per minute moving throughout the furnace (the air minimize moisture pickup, and weigh.
flow may be measured by using a wet-test meter or equivalent
NOTE 1—Whilethe4-hincinerationintervaldescribedissufficientwith
calibrated at standard conditions for air connected to the
most coals to reach a condition of complete burn off, certain cokes and
ceramic-pipeexhaust).Adjustthefurnacetemperatureuntilthe
nonreactive coals may require additional time. If unburned carbon
potentiometer reads 750 6 10°C and then adjust or read the
particles are observed, or if duplicate results are suspect, the samples
should be returned to the furnace for sufficient time to reach a constant
temperature on the indicating pyrometer. Use this reading as
weight (60.001 g). By this means, pyritic sulfur will be oxidized and
the proper setting for controlling the furnace.
expelled before the calcite is decomposed. An ample supply of air in the
muffle, “two to four changes per minute,” must be assured at all times to
7. Procedure
ensure complete oxidation of the pyritic sulfur and to remove the SO
7.1 The sam
...

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4.1 Summarizing the ash mass fraction and the mass fraction of the organic constituents in a specific format under the heading, Ultimate Analysis, provides a convenient and uniform system for comparing coals or cokes. This tabulation used with that of Proximate Analysis  (Practice D3172) permits cursory valuation of coals for use as fuel or in other carbonaceous processes and of cokes for metallurgical purpose.
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1.1 This practice covers the term ultimate analysis as it is applied to the analysis of coal and coke. The information derived is intended for the general utilization by applicable industries, to provide the basis for evaluation, beneficiation, or for other purposes.  
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1.1 This terminology defines the technical terms used in standards that are the responsibility of Committee D05 on Coal and Coke. The terms are used in:  
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4.1 The calculations of analytical data for the coal and coke test parameters listed in Section 6, assume the analysis sample has been prepared according to Practice D2013 and Test Method D3302.  
4.2 This practice provides formulas, to enable calculations of data from the as-determined analysis sample to various moisture bases, in common use by the coal and coke industry.  
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1.1 This practice lists formulas that allow analytical data to be expressed in various bases in common use. Such bases are: as received, dry, equilibrium moisture, dry ash free, and others.  
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Note 1: Coals rich in inertinite or liptinite (exinite), or both, cannot be properly classified because, in those macerals, the properties that determine rank (calorific value, volatile matter, and agglomerating character) differ greatly from those of vitrinite in the same coal. Often, such coals can be recognized by megascopic examination. In North America, these coals are mostly nonbanded varieties that contain only a small proportion of vitrain and consist mainly of attrital materials. The degree of metamorphism of nonbanded and other vitrinite-poor coals can be estimated by determining the classification properties of isolated or concentrated vitrinite fractions, or by determining the reflectance of the vitrinite (see Test Method D2798 and Appendix X1 of this classification). However, in the use of these vitrinite-poor coals, some properties normally associated with rank, such as rheology, combustibility, hardness, and grindability (as well as the rank determining properties) may differ substantially from those of vitrinite-rich coals of the same degree of metamorphism.  
1.3 The accuracy of the classification of impure coal may be impaired by the effect of large amounts of mineral matter on the determination of volatile matter and calorific value, and on their calculation to the mineral-matter-free basis.  
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1.1 This practice is divided into four parts: A, B, C, and D. These four parts represent the previous Practices D7256/D7256M, D4916, D4702, and D6518. These four standards are the four that govern the mechanical sampling of coal and have been combined into one document for the ease of reference of the users of these standards.  
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Standard Test Methods for Determination of Trace Elements in Coal, Coke, and Combustion Residues from Coal Utilization Processes by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry, Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry, and Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Coal contains several elements whose individual mass fractions are generally less than 0.01 %. These elements are commonly and collectively referred to as trace elements. These elements primarily occur as part of the mineral matter in coal. The potential release of certain trace elements from coal combustion sources has become an environmental concern.  
5.2 The ash prepared in accordance with these provisional test methods quantitatively retains the elements listed in 1.1 and is representative of their mass fractions in the coal or coke.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods pertain to the determination of antimony, arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, lead, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, vanadium, and zinc in coal and coke. These test methods can also be used for the analysis of residues from coal combustion processes. Additionally, there are specific test methods outlined that pertain to the determination of rare earth elements in coal and coal combustion residues.
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Note 2: Rare earth elements are understood to include: cerium, dysprosium, erbium, europium, gadolinium, holmium, lanthanum, lutetium, neodymium, praseodymium, samarium, scandium, terbium, thulium, ytterbium, and yttrium.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.2.1 All percentages are percent mass fractions unless otherwise noted.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D4606-21(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Arsenic and Selenium in Coal by the Hydride Generation/Atomic Absorption Method

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method permits measurement of the total mass fraction of arsenic and selenium in coal for the purpose of evaluating these elements where they can be of concern, for example, in coal combustion. When coal samples are prepared for analysis in accordance with this test method, the arsenic and selenium are quantitatively retained and are representative of the total mass fraction in the coal.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method2 covers the determination of total arsenic in the range of 0.7 ug/g to 12 ug/g and selenium in the range of 0.6 ug/g to 5 ug/g in coal.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
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