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ASTM D1972-97(2001)

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Generic Marking of Plastic Products

Standard Practice for Generic Marking of Plastic Products

SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a system for uniform marking of products that have been fabricated from polymeric materials. Provision for the process or processes to be used for marking is outside the scope of this practice.
Note 1--Precise details of the marking, for example, the minimum size of the item to be marked, the size of the lettering, and the appropriate location of the marking, may be the subject to agreement between the manufacturer and the user.
1.2 The abbreviated terms used are to provide generic identification of the polymer(s).
1.3 This practice is especially pertinent for use with durable plastic components of products. This practice is not intended to supplant, replace, or in any way interfere with the requirements found in legislation for marking or labeling of packaging.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 2--In many respects, this practice is similar to ISO 11469.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Dec-2000
ICS
83.140.01 - Rubber and plastics products in general
Technical Committee
D20 - Plastics
Drafting Committee
D20.95 - Recycled Plastics
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D1972-97 - Standard Practice for Generic Marking of Plastic Products
Effective Date
01-Jan-2001
Replaced By
ASTM D1972-97(2005) - Standard Practice for Generic Marking of Plastic Products (Withdrawn 2014)
Effective Date
01-Jul-2005
Referred By
ASTM D5998-16 - Standard Specification for Molded Polyethylene Shipping and Storage Drums
Effective Date
01-Jan-2001
Referred By
ASTM F1488-14(2019) - Standard Specification for Coextruded Composite Pipe
Effective Date
01-Jan-2001
Referred By
ASTM D4504-94(2018) - Standard Specification for Molded Polyethylene Open-Head-Pails for Industrial Shipping of Nonhazardous Goods
Effective Date
01-Jan-2001
Referred By
ASTM D1600-18 - Standard Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to Plastics (Withdrawn 2024)
Effective Date
01-Jan-2001
Referred By
ASTM D7032-21 - Standard Specification for Establishing Performance Ratings for Wood-Plastic Composite and Plastic Lumber Deck Boards, Stair Treads, Guards, and Handrails
Effective Date
01-Jan-2001
Referred By
ASTM D4603-18 - Standard Test Method for Determining Inherent Viscosity of Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate) (PET) by Glass Capillary Viscometer
Effective Date
01-Jan-2001

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ASTM D1972-97(2001) - Standard Practice for Generic Marking of Plastic Products
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Standards Content (Sample)


NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D1972–97 (Reapproved 2001)
Standard Practice for
Generic Marking of Plastic Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1972; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope * ISO/DIS 1043-1:1995, Plastics—Symbols and Abbreviated
Terms—Part 1: Basic Polymers and Their Special Char-
1.1 This practice covers a system for uniform marking of
acteristics
products that have been fabricated from polymeric materials.
ISO 1043-2:1991 Plastics—Symbols—Part 2: Fillers and
Provision for the process or processes to be used for marking
Reinforcing Materials
is outside the scope of this practice.
ISO 1043-3:1988 Plastics—Symbols—Part 3: Plasticizers
NOTE 1—Precisedetailsofthemarking,forexample,theminimumsize
ISO/DIS 1043-4: 1996 Plastics—Symbols—Part 4: Flame
of the item to be marked, the size of the lettering, and the appropriate
Retardants
location of the marking, may be the subject to agreement between the
ISO 1087:1990 Terminology—Vocabulary
manufacturer and the user.
ISO 8604:1988 Plastics—Prepregs—Definition of Terms
1.2 The abbreviated terms used are to provide generic
and Symbols for Designations
identification of the polymer(s).
ISO11469:1993 Plastics—GenericIdentificationandMark-
1.3 This practice is especially pertinent for use with durable
ing of Plastics Products
plastic components of products.This practice is not intended to
supplant,replace,orinanywayinterferewiththerequirements
3. Terminology
found in legislation for marking or labeling of packaging.
3.1 Definitions: Definitions are in accordance with Termi-
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
nology D 883 unless otherwise specified.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2.1 abbreviated term—a term resulting from the omission
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
of any part of a term while designating the same concept. (See
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
ISO 1087.)
3.2.2 Discussion—88Abbreviated term” is a general term
NOTE 2—In many respects, this practice is similar to ISO 11469.
that includes abbreviations, initialisms, and acronyms (initial-
2. Referenced Documents
isms that can be pronounced as a word). International Standard
2.1 ASTM Standards: definitions for each of these terms is included in ISO 1087.
D 883 Terminology Relating to Plastics 3.2.3 bulk molding compound (BMC)—a product composed
D 1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to ofthoroughlymixedresinsandchoppedreinforcingfiberswith
Plastics or without particulate fillers, supplied in mass form, capable of
D 3935 Specification for Polycarbonate (PC) Unfilled and being molded under heat and pressure. (See ISO 8604.)
Reinforced Material 3.2.4 matrix polymer—the continuous phase in a polymeric
D 4000 Classification System for Specifying Plastic Mate- blend or alloy.
rials 3.2.5 plastic products—articles or stock shapes of plastic
2.2 ISO Standards: materials intended for useful purposes.
ISO 472:1988, Plastics—Vocabulary 3.3 Abbreviations—Abbreviated terms used in this practice
are from Terminology D 1600 and ISO 1043.
4. Significance and Use
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and
4.1 This marking system is to provide assistance in identi-
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.95 on Recycled Plastics.
fication of products for making subsequent decisions as to
Current edition approved April 10, 1997. Published April 1998. Originally
published as D 1972 – 91. Last previous edition D 1972 – 94.
handling, recycling, or disposal.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01.
4.2 The system is based on standard abbreviated terms
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.02.
4 relating to plastics published in the ISO 1043 series of
Available from American National Standards Institute, 11 W. 42nd St., 13th
Floor, New York, NY 10036. standards and in ASTM D 1600.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D1972
4.3 A system for expanded generic marking is described in 5.4.1 Example 1—For a polyamide 66 containing a mixture
nonmandatory Appendix X1. of 15 mass percentage of mineral powder (MD) and 25 mass
percentage of glass fiber (GF) use the identification:
5. System for Marking Products
.PA66 2 ~GF25 1 MD15!,
5.1 Plastic products may be marked at some place on the
or:
surface with the abbreviated term(s) set between the punctua-
.PA66 2 ~GF 1 MD!40,
tion marks “>” and “<” (greater-than or less-than signs,
5.4.2 Example 2—For the composition of Example 1 that
sometimes referred to as reversed angled brackets). For ex-
also contains red phosphorus as a flame retardant use the
ample, for products made from acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene
identificationshownasfollows.Thecodeforredphosphorusis
polymer use:
from ISO/DIS 1043-4.
.ABS,
.PA66 2 ~GF25 1 MD15! 2 FR~52!,
5.2 Products made from polymer blends or alloys may be
5.4.3 Example 3—For a BMC with 50 mass percentage of
markedwiththeappropriateabbreviatedtermsfortheconstitu-
filler (MD) and 25 mass percentage of glass fibers (GF) use the
ent polymers that are present in a concentration of more than
identification:
one percent with the main component of the matrix in first
place followed by the other components in descending order .UP ~MD50 1 GF25!,
according to their mass fractions, separated by one or more
5.5 Products that comprise two or more plastic components,
plus signs and set off as described in 5.1.
some of which are not readily visible, shall be marked so that
5.2.1 Example—For an alloy of polycarbonate and
the primary visible material is identified first, by the system
acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene in which the polycarbonate is
specified in 5.1, followed by identification of the other mate-
the matrix polymer with the acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene
rial(s) with the individual identification(s) separated by a
being dispersed therein use the identification:
comma. The main component by mass is identified by under-
.PC 1 ABS, lining.
5.5.1 Example—For a product made of three components,
5.3 Products made from compositions containing a single
the visible one is a thin coa
...

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ASTM D6108-24(Test Method)
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SCOPE
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Note 1: This test method is expected to be applicable to all types of colored plastics. The responsible subcommittee intends to broaden the scope beyond PVC when data on other materials is submitted for review.
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ASTM D2565-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Xenon-Arc Exposure of Plastics Intended for Outdoor Applications

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The ability of a plastic material to resist deterioration of its electrical, mechanical, and optical properties caused by exposure to light, heat, and water can be very significant for many applications. This practice is intended to induce property changes associated with end-use conditions, including the effects of daylight, moisture, and heat. The exposure used in this practice is not intended to simulate the deterioration caused by localized weather phenomena, such as, atmospheric pollution, biological attack, and saltwater exposure.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers specific procedures and test conditions that are applicable for xenon-arc exposure of plastics conducted in accordance with Practices G151 and G155. This practice also covers the preparation of test specimens, the test conditions best suited for plastics, and the evaluation of test results.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: This practice and ISO 4892-2 address the same subject matter, but differ in technical content.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D5418-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Properties: In Flexure (Dual Cantilever Beam)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides a simple means of characterizing the thermomechanical behavior of plastic compositions using a very small amount of material. Since small test specimen geometries are used, it is essential that the specimens be representative of the material being tested. The data obtained can be used for quality control and/or research and development purposes. For some classes of materials, such as thermosets, it can also be used to establish optimum processing conditions.  
5.2 Dynamic mechanical testing provides a sensitive means for determining thermomechanical characteristics by measuring the elastic and loss moduli as a function of frequency, temperature, or time. Plots of moduli and tan delta of a material versus these variables can be used to provide a graphic representation indicative of functional properties, effectiveness of cure (thermosetting-resin systems), and damping behavior under specified conditions.  
5.2.1 Observed data are specific to experimental conditions. Reporting in full (as described in this test method) the conditions under which the data was obtained is essential to assist users with interpreting the data an reconciling apparent or perceived discrepancies.  
5.3 This test method can be used to assess the following:  
5.3.1 The modulus as a function of temperature or aging, or both,  
5.3.2 The modulus as a function of frequency,  
5.3.3 The effects of processing treatment, including orientation, induced stress, and degradation of physical and chemical structure,  
5.3.4 Relative resin behavioral properties, including cure and damping,  
5.3.5 The effects of substrate types and orientation (fabrication) on elastic modulus,  
5.3.6 The effects of formulation additives that might affect processability or performance,  
5.3.7 The effects of annealing on modulus and glass transition temperature,  
5.3.8 The effect of aspect ratio on the modulus of fiber reinforcements, and  
5.3.9 The effect of fillers, additives ...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method outlines the use of dynamic mechanical instrumentation for determining and reporting the viscoelastic properties of thermoplastic and thermosetting resins and composite systems in the form of rectangular bars molded directly or cut from sheets, plates, or molded shapes. The elastic modulus data generated is used to identify the thermomechanical properties of a plastics material or composition.  
1.2 This test method is intended to provide a means for determining the viscoelastic properties of a wide variety of plastics using nonresonant, forced-vibration techniques as outlined in Practice D4065. In particular, this method identifies the procedures used to measure properties using what is known as a dual-cantilever beam flexure arrangement. Plots of the elastic (storage) modulus, loss (viscous) modulus, and complex modulus, and tan delta as a function of frequency, time, or temperature are indicative of significant transitions in the thermomechanical performance of the polymeric material systems.  
1.3 This test method is valid for a wide range of frequencies, typically from 0.01 Hz to 100 Hz.  
1.4 Test data obtained by this test method are relevant and appropriate for use in engineering design.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization...

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ASTM
ASTM D6117-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Mechanical Fasteners in Plastic Lumber and Shapes

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
6.1 The resistance of plastic lumber and shapes to direct withdrawal of nails, staples, or screws is a measure of its ability to hold or be held to an adjoining object by means of such fasteners. Factors that affect this withdrawal resistance include the physical and mechanical properties of the plastic lumber and shapes; the size, shape, and surface condition of the fasteners; the speed of withdrawal; physical changes to plastic lumber and shapes or fasteners between time of driving and time of withdrawal; orientation of fiber axis; the occurrence and nature of prebored lead holes; and the temperatures during insertion and withdrawal. These factors will be as circumstances dictate, and representative of the normal manufacturing process.  
6.2 By using a standard size and type of nail, staple, or screw, withdrawal resistance of plastic lumber and shapes can be determined. Throughout the method this is referred to as the basic withdrawal test. Similarly, comparative performances of different sizes or types of nail, staple, or screw can be determined by using a standard procedure with a particular plastic lumber and shape, which eliminates the plastic lumber and shapes product as a variable. Since differences in test methods can have considerable influence on results, it is important that a standard procedure be specified and adhered to, if test values are to be related to other test results.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the evaluation of fastener use with “as manufactured” plastic lumber and shapes through the use of two different testing procedures.  
1.2 The test methods appear in the following order:    
Sections  
Test Method A—Nail, Staple, or Screw Withdrawal Test  
4 to 13  
Test Method B—Nail, Staple, or Screw Lateral Resistance Test  
14 to 22  
1.3 Plastic lumber and plastic shapes are currently made predominately from recycled plastics. However, these test methods would also be applicable to similar manufactured plastic products made from virgin resins where the product is non-homogeneous in the cross-section.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The SI units given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7211-23(Specification)
Standard Specification for Parts Machined from Polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE) and Intended for General Use

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes the requirements for finished parts machined from unplasticized polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE) homopolymers containing regrind and recycled polymer intended for general commercial use. This specification does not cover parts machined from PCTFE copolymers, PCTFE films or tapes, or modified PCTFE containing pigments or plasticizers. Nor does it cover PCTFE parts used in aerospace applications involving storage and handling of oxygen media, air media, inert media, and certain reactive media (specifically ammonia, gaseous hydrogen, and liquid hydrogen), wherein dimensional stability, high molecular weight, molecular weight retention, and crystallinity control are important considerations. Materials shall be tested on and conform accordingly to the following properties: specific gravity; melting point; deformation under load; zero strength time (ZST); annealing performance; and dimensional stability.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification is intended to be a means of calling out finished machined parts ready for general use.  
1.2 This specification establishes requirements for parts machined from polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE) semifinished parts.  
1.3 For aerospace grade, machined PCTFE parts, use Specification D7194.
Note 1: Quick-quenched PCTFE will potentially exhibit dimensional relaxation in the vicinity of Tg = 55°C (131°F).
Note 2: Although no recommendations are made regarding the limiting upper use temperature of PCTFE, the heat deflection temperature of PCTFE as determined by Test Method D648 is 126°C (259°F).  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.  
1.5 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 11, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 3: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D6779-23(Specification)
Standard Classification System for and Basis of Specification for Polyamide Molding and Extrusion Materials (PA)

SCOPE
1.1 This classification system covers polyamide materials suitable for molding and extrusion. Some of these compositions are also suitable for application from solution.  
1.2 The properties included in this classification system are those required to identify the compositions covered. Other requirements necessary to identify particular characteristics important to specialized applications are to be specified by using suffixes as given in Section 5.  
1.3 This classification system and subsequent line callout (specification) are intended to provide a means of calling out plastic materials used in the fabrication of end items or parts. It is not intended for the selection of materials. Material selection can be made by those having expertise in the plastic field after careful consideration of the design and the performance required of the part, the environment to which it will be exposed, the fabrication process to be employed, the costs involved, and the inherent properties of the material other than those covered by this classification system.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 11, of this classification system. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: This classification system is similar to ISO 16396-1/-2,
although the technical content is significantly different.
Note 2: The materials covered by this classification system include a subset of polyamides defined as polyphthalamides (PPA) as in 3.2.1, some of which are also classified in ASTM D5336. Specifically, groups 7, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15 and 17 in this standard are PPA materials. ASTM D5336 gives further details relating to groups 10, 12 and 13.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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