ASTM D5159-04(2020)

Standard Guide for Dusting Attrition of Granular Activated Carbon

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Three forces can mechanically degrade a granular activated carbon: impact, crushing, and attrition. Of these three, attrition, or abrasion, is the most common cause of dust formation in actual service. Published test procedures to determine the “hardness” of activated carbons produce results that in general cannot be correlated with field experience. For example, the ball-pan hardness test applies all three forces to the sample in a variable manner determined by the size, shape, and density of the particles. The “stirring bar” abrasion test measures attrition so long as the particle size is smaller than 12 mesh. There is some evidence, however, that the results of this test method are influenced by particle geometry. The procedure set forth in this guide measures the effect of friction forces between vibrating or slowly moving particles during the test and may be only slightly dependent on particle size, shape, and density effects.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide presents a procedure for evaluating the resistance to dusting attrition of granular activated carbons. For the purpose of this guide, the dust attrition coefficient, DA, is defined as the weight (or calculated volume) of dust per unit time, collected on a preweighed filter, in a given vibrating device during a designated time per unit weight of carbon. The initial dust content of the sample may also be determined. Granular activated carbon is defined as a minimum of 90 % being larger than 80 mesh (0.18 mm) (see Test Methods D2867).  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Dec-2019
• ICS: 19.120 - Particle size analysis. Sieving
• ICS: 71.040.30 - Chemical reagents
• Technical Committee: D28 - Activated Carbon
• Drafting Committee: D28.04 - Gas Phase Evaluation Tests

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D5159 − 04 (Reapproved 2020)
Standard Guide for
Dusting Attrition of Granular Activated Carbon
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5159; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E300Practice for Sampling Industrial Chemicals
1.1 This guide presents a procedure for evaluating the
3. Summary of Guide
resistancetodustingattritionofgranularactivatedcarbons.For
3.1 A known volume of known weight of the granular
the purpose of this guide, the dust attrition coefficient, DA,is
activated carbon is placed in a sample holder and vibrated at
defined as the weight (or calculated volume) of dust per unit
constant acceleration (g) for a known time. The dust is carried
time, collected on a preweighed filter, in a given vibrating
by an air stream passing through the vibrating sample and is
deviceduringadesignatedtimeperunitweightofcarbon.The
then collected on a preweighed filter. The quantities of dust
initial dust content of the sample may also be determined.
collected in six 10-min intervals are determined by weighings
Granular activated carbon is defined as a minimum of 90 %
on an analytical balance.
being larger than 80 mesh (0.18 mm) (see Test Methods
D2867).
4. Significance and Use
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
4.1 Three forces can mechanically degrade a granular acti-
standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for
vated carbon: impact, crushing, and attrition. Of these three,
information only.
attrition, or abrasion, is the most common cause of dust
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
formation in actual service. Published test procedures to
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
determine the “hardness” of activated carbons produce results
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
that in general cannot be correlated with field experience. For
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
example, the ball-pan hardness test applies all three forces to
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
the sample in a variable manner determined by the size, shape,
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
and density of the particles. The “stirring bar” abrasion test
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
measuresattritionsolongastheparticlesizeissmallerthan12
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
mesh.There is some evidence, however, that the results of this
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
testmethodareinfluencedbyparticlegeometry.Theprocedure
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
set forth in this guide measures the effect of friction forces
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
between vibrating or slowly moving particles during the test
andmaybeonlyslightlydependentonparticlesize,shape,and
2. Referenced Documents
density effects.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5. Apparatus
D2854Test Method for Apparent Density of Activated
Carbon 5.1 Vibrating Table, capable of providing an RMS (root
D2867Test Methods for Moisture in Activated Carbon mean square) acceleration of 40 m/s/s (4 g).
E11Specification forWovenWireTest Sieve Cloth andTest
5.2 Test Cell, such as shown in Fig. 1, preferably made of
Sieves
aluminum or other electrically conductive material.
5.3 Piezoelectric Accelerometer, capable of measuring an
RMSaccelerationchosenbytheuser.Avalueof40m/s/s(4g)
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D28 on Activated
is suitable when using the apparatus in Figs. 1 and 2.
Carbon and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D28.04 on Gas Phase
Evaluation Tests.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2020. Published January 2020. Originally
approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as D5159–04 (2014). A Buffalo Dental Manufacturing Co. (Underhill Blvd., Syosset, NY 11791)
DOI: 10.1520/D5159-04R20. vibrator, Model No. 1, rated 40 W at 115 V, 60 Hz, and a Syntron Model J-1A
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or vibrating jogger, rated 30 W at 115 V, 60 Hz, have been found suitable for this
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM purpose.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on An Endevco accelerometer, Model No. 2251, has been found suitable for this
the ASTM website. purpose.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D5159 − 04 (2020)
3 1
NOTE 1—2 ⁄4 in. (69.9 mm) inside diameter by 3 in. (76.2 mm) outside diameter by ⁄16 in. (1.6 mm) thick.
NOTE 2—Specification E11 wire cloth, 250 µm, stainless wire, 3 in. (76.2 mm) diameter.
NOTE 3—37% open area, fabricated from 24 gage stainless steel with 0.45 in. (11.4 mm) diameter holes on 0.066 in. (1.68 mm) centers, square grid
3 in. (76.2 mm) diameter.
FIG. 1 Dust Attrition Cell (Full Scale)
NOTE 1—An Endevco accelerator, Model 2250A, has been found satisfactory for this purpose.
FIG. 2 Apparatus Assembly
D5159 − 04 (2020)
NOTE 1—AModel No. 1 vibrator available from Buffalo Dental Mfg., Underhill Blvd., Syosset, NY11791, has been found suitable for this purpose.
FIG. 3 Test Cell Components Requiring Fabrication ( ⁄4 in.=1in. scale)
5.4 Signal Conditioner, to interface the accelerometer with 5.11 Particulate Filter, sized to interface with test cell,
an AC millivolt meter, capable of producing a linear output capable of capturing carbon fines. Several commercial glass
voltage from 0 to 1 V-ac, proportional to the acceleration. fiber filters have been found satisfactory.Also effective are the
6 particulate filters sold for respiratory protection against paint
5.5 Voltmeter, 0 to 1 V-ac.
spray or other particulate hazards.
5.6 Ammeter, ac, 0 to 1000 mA accurate to 1 mA.
5.12 G
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D5159 − 04 (Reapproved 2014) D5159 − 04 (Reapproved 2020)
Standard Guide for
Dusting Attrition of Granular Activated Carbon
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5159; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide presents a procedure for evaluating the resistance to dusting attrition of granular activated carbons. For the
purpose of this guide, the dust attrition coefficient, DA, is defined as the weight (or calculated volume) of dust per unit time,
collected on a preweighed filter, in a given vibrating device during a designated time per unit weight of carbon. The initial dust
content of the sample may also be determined. Granular activated carbon is defined as a minimum of 90 % being larger than 80
mesh (0.18 mm) (see Test Methods D2867).
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for
information only.
1.3 This guidestandard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this guidestandard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and
determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D2854 Test Method for Apparent Density of Activated Carbon
D2867 Test Methods for Moisture in Activated Carbon
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test Sieves
E300 Practice for Sampling Industrial Chemicals
3. Summary of Guide
3.1 A known volume of known weight of the granular activated carbon is placed in a sample holder and vibrated at constant
acceleration (g) for a known time. The dust is carried by an air stream passing through the vibrating sample and is then collected
on a preweighed filter. The quantities of dust collected in six 10-min intervals are determined by weighings on an analytical
balance.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 Three forces can mechanically degrade a granular activated carbon: impact, crushing, and attrition. Of these three, attrition,
or abrasion, is the most common cause of dust formation in actual service. Published test procedures to determine the
"hardness"“hardness” of activated carbons produce results that in general cannot be correlated with field experience. For example,
the ball-pan hardness test applies all three forces to the sample in a variable manner determined by the size, shape, and density
of the particles. The "stirring bar"“stirring bar” abrasion test measures attrition so long as the particle size is smaller than 12 mesh.
There is some evidence, however, that the results of this test method are influenced by particle geometry. The procedure set forth
in this guide measures the effect of friction forces between vibrating or slowly moving particles during the test and may be only
slightly dependent on particle size, shape, and density effects.
This test method guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D28 on Activated Carbon and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D28.04 on Gas Phase
Evaluation Tests.
Current edition approved July 1, 2014Jan. 1, 2020. Published September 2014January 2020. Originally approved in 1991. Last previous versionedition approved in
20092014 as D5159D5159 – 04 (2014).– 04 (2009). DOI: 10.1520/D5159-04R14. DOI: 10.1520/D5159-04R20.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D5159 − 04 (2020)
3 1
NOTE 1—2 ⁄4 in. (69.9 mm) inside diameter by 3 in. (76.2 mm) outside diameter by ⁄16 in. (1.6 mm) thick.
NOTE 2—Specification E11 wire cloth, 250 μm, stainless wire, 3 in. (76.2 mm) diameter.
NOTE 3—37 % open area, fabricated from 24 gage stainless steel with 0.45 in. (11.4 mm) diameter holes on 0.066 in. (1.68 mm) centers, square grid
3 in. (76.2 mm) diameter.
FIG. 1 Dust Attrition Cell (full scale)(Full Scale)
5. Apparatus
5.1 Vibrating Table, , capable capable of providing an RMS (root mean square) acceleration of 40 m/s/s (4 g).
5.2 Test Cell, such as shown in Fig. 1, preferably made of aluminum or other electrically conductive material.
5.3 Piezoelectric Accelerometer, , capable capable of measuring an RMS acceleration chosen by the user. A value of 40 m/s/s
(4 g) is suitable when using the apparatus in Fig. 1Figs. 1 and 2 and Fig. 2.
5.4 Signal Conditioner, , to to interface the accelerometer with an AC millivolt meter, capable of producing a linear output
voltage from 0 to 1 V-ac, proportional to the acceleration.
5.5 Voltmeter, , 0 0 to 1 V-ac.
5.6 Ammeter, ac, 0 to 1000 mA accurate to 1 mA.
5.7 Variable Transformer, 0 to 120 V.
5.8 Timer Control, 0 to 120 min.
5.9 Rubber Isolation Pad, a 45 durometer neoprene rubber pad has been found satisfactory.
5.10 Flowmeter, with flow control valve capable of controlling air flow at the flow rate chosen by the user of this guide. A flow
of about 7 L/min is suitable when using the apparatus of Fig. 1Figs. 1 and 2 and Fig. 2.
5.11 Particulate Filter, sized to interface with test cell, capable of capturing carbon fines. Several commercial glass fiber filters
have been found satisfactory. Also effective are the particulate filters sold for respiratory protection against paint spray or other
particulate hazards.
5.12 Graduated Cylinder, 100 mL 100-mL capacity.
5.13 Analytical Balance, capable of weighing to 0.1 mg.
6. Sampling, Test Specimens, and Test Units
6.1 Guidance in sampling granular activated carbon is given in Practice E300 (see also 8.1).
A Buffalo Dental Manufacturing Co
...