ASTM A1034-04
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Testing Mechanical Splices for Steel Reinforcing Bars
Standard Test Methods for Testing Mechanical Splices for Steel Reinforcing Bars
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the testing of mechanical splices for reinforcing bars. The various tests herein described can be specified in total or individually.
1.2 The test methods herein described are applicable to any type of mechanical splice manufactured to join steel reinforcing bars of any grade (specified minimum yield strength), uncoated or coated.
1.3 This standard describes only the methods for testing mechanical splices for steel reinforcing bars, but does not quantify the parameters for testing nor acceptance criteria, which must be specified by the purchaser.
Note 1—Various code-writing bodies specify various parameters, such as test loads, number of cycles and test temperature, for testing.
1.4 The values stated in either SI or inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in parentheses. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Please contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: A 1034/A 1034M – 04
Standard Test Methods for
Testing Mechanical Splices for Steel Reinforcing Bars
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 1034/A 1034M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (ϵ) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E9 Test Methods of Compression Testing of Metallic Ma-
terials at Room temperature
1.1 These test methods cover the testing of mechanical
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
splices for reinforcing bars. The various tests herein described
Determine Conformance with Specifications
can be specified in total or individually.
E83 Practice for Verification and Classification of Exten-
1.2 The test methods herein described are applicable to any
someters
type of mechanical splice manufactured to join steel reinforc-
E 466 Practice for Conducting Constant-Amplitude Axial
ing bars of any grade (specified minimum yield strength),
Fatigue Tests of Metallic Materials
uncoated or coated.
1.3 This standard describes only the methods for testing
3. Terminology
mechanical splices for steel reinforcing bars, but does not
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
quantify the parameters for testing nor acceptance criteria,
3.1.1 bar-splice assembly—an assembled specimen consist-
which must be specified by the purchaser.
ingoftworeinforcingbarsconnectedwithamechanicalsplice.
NOTE 1—Various code-writing bodies specify various parameters, such
3.1.2 clip gage—an electrical device used to measure small
as test loads, number of cycles and test temperature, for testing.
displacements in test specimens whose voltage output is
1.4 The values stated in either SI or inch-pound units are to
convertible into strain.
be regarded as standard. Within the text, the inch-pound units
3.1.3 coupler—threaded device for joining reinforcing bars
are shown in parentheses. The values stated in each system are
for the purpose of providing transfer of either axial compres-
not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used
sion or axial tension or both from one bar to the other.
independently of the other.
3.1.4 coupling sleeve—non-threaded device for joining re-
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
inforcing bars for the purpose of providing transfer of either
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
axial compression or axial tension or both from one bar to the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
other.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.1.5 data acquisition system—a computer based data log-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
ging system to record the output of electrical transducers
reporting load, strain or displacement.
2. Referenced Documents
3.1.6 differential elongation—the difference between the
2.1 ASTM Standards:
total movement measured on the splice specimen from zero
A 370 Test Methods and Definitions for MechanicalTesting
load to a predetermined test load and the total movement
of Steel Products
measured on an unspliced bar specimen under the same
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
predetermined load.
E8 Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
3.1.7 linear variable differential transformer (LVDT)—an
electricaldeviceusedtomeasuredisplacements,whosevoltage
output is convertible into strain.
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on
3.1.8 mechanical splice—the complete assembly of a cou-
Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and are the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee A01.05 on Steel Reinforcement. pler or a coupling sleeve and possibly additional intervening
Current edition approved July 1, 2004. Published July 2004.
material or other components to accomplish the splicing of two
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
reinforcing bars.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Please contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
A 1034/A 1034M – 04
3.1.9 purchaser—the individual, private or public organiza- 5.1.1 The bar-splice assembly test specimen shall closely
tion that orders the testing laboratory to perform testing on the represent the mechanical splice used in practice. The behavior
bar-splice assembly or assemblies. of the bar-splice assembly embedded in concrete, however,
3.1.10 slip—the difference in elongation readings over the may differ from its behavior during testing where it is not
gauge length across the splice, measured at an initial nominal embedded in concrete.
zero load and, after having loaded the bar-splice assembly to a 5.2 Usefulness:
test load and unloaded it again, at the same nominal zero load. 5.2.1 Testingofmechanicalsplicesforreinforcingbarsshall
3.1.11 splice components—all components that make up a establish the behavior of the bar-splice assembly under the
loading conditions described herein for the various test meth-
mechanical splice for reinforcing bars, including coupler,
coupling sleeve, locknuts, bolts, grout, epoxy, ferrous filler ods to determine the acceptability of the mechanical splice for
metal and/or other components. use in reinforced concrete structural members under specific
design criteria.
5.2.2 Mechanicalsplicestestedsuccessfullywithaspecified
4. Summary of Test Method
minimum yield strength (grade) reinforcing bar shall be
4.1 Various test methods are used to determine the perfor-
considered as qualified for use with reinforcing bars of a lower
mance of a mechanical splice under loading.
specified minimum yield strength (grade), without further
4.1.1 Monotonic Tension Test—This test measures the per-
testing.
formance of the bar-splice assembly under an increasing
5.3 Interpretation of Test Results:
tensionload.Thespecimenisplacedinthetestingmachineand
5.3.1 Similar or better performance of mechanical splices
pulled to failure.
installed in structural members shall be expected only if
NOTE 2—Testing of specimens in tension to failure should be ap-
materials and methods of assembly are similar to the materials
proached with caution. Some types of mechanical splices may shatter
and methods used in the tests.
while failing in tension.
6. Apparatus
4.1.2 Monotonic Compression Test—This test is used to
6.1 Equipment:
ascertain the performance of the bar-splice assembly under an
6.1.1 Asuitabletestingmachineorloadframeshallbeused.
increasing compressive load. The specimen is placed in the
The test apparatus shall have sufficient capacity to prevent
testing machine and is loaded in compression until failure or a
yielding of its components and shall ensure that the applied
specified load is applied.
tension loads or compression loads or both remain parallel to
NOTE 3—Typical maximum compressive load imposed in this test is
the axis of the test specimen during testing. The equipment
125 % of the specified yield strength of the reinforcing bar. Testing of
shall be capable of applying cyclic loads within the time
specimens in compression should be approached with caution. The
periods specified herein for the individual tests.
buckling load predicted by Euler Column formula may be less than the
6.2 Load Measurements:
compression load specified.
6.2.1 The load in the specimen shall be measured by load
4.1.3 Cyclic Load Test—This test is used to ascertain how
cell or other external load measuring method. The load cell
the bar-splice assembly performs when the specimen is sub-
shall be capable of providing electronic output of load mea-
jected to alternating tension and compression cycles. The
surements and sending to a data acquisition system for later
specimen is placed in the testing machine and is loaded in
data reduction. If a data acquisition system is used, it shall be
tension, then in compression until the specified number of
capable of recording at least one measurement per second.
cyclesisreached.Eachcyclemayexceedtheyieldstrainofthe
Strain gages or other instrumentation that may be damaged or
bar and is intended to simulate the demands of earthquake
lose accuracy when the bar yields shall not be used to measure
loading on the specimen.
force.
4.1.4 High-Cycle Fatigue Test—This test is conducted with
6.2.2 It shall be permissible to mark bars and couplers or
alternating tension load cycles, with the load staying below the
coupling sleeves with punch marks, or other legible scribe or
yieldstrengthofthereinforcingbar.Thistestisconducteduntil
stylus markings for measuring elongation at post yield rupture.
failure or a specified number of cycles are reached and
6.2.3 The loading systems shall be calibrated in accordance
simulates the demands on mechanical splices placed in bridges
with Practices E 4E4.
or other structures subjected to frequent elastic load cycles.
6.3 Elongation Measurements:
4.1.5 Slip Test—This test is used to ascertain the plastic
6.3.1 The displacements of the reinforcing bar ends within
movement (slip) between reinforcing bars within the bar-slice
the coupler or coupling sleeve, as well as elastic and plastic
assembly, when loaded in tension.
deformations in the reinforcing bar and coupler or coupling
4.1.6 Low-Temperature Test—This test is run using the test
sleeve materials, shall be measured, if required, using a
methods described in 4.1.1 through 4.1.5, to ascertain the
mechanical extensometer or an LVDT, clip gage or other
behavior of the bar-splice assembly under low temperatures.
electronic means. The equipment need only be capable of
4.1.7 Combination Tests—Features of one or more of the
measuring the sum of all displacements and elongations. The
test methods described in 4.1.1 through 4.1.6 can be combined.
elongation measuring devices shall be at least of Class C, in
accordance with Practice E 83E83.
5. Significance and Use
6.3.2 The motion of the testing machine grips or cross head
5.1 Significance: shall not be used for determining specimen elongation.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Please contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
A 1034/A 1034M – 04
6.4 Compression Test Measurements: 8.3.1 The test specimens shall be prepared following the
6.4.1 Unless otherwise specified, it shall not be required to splice manufacturer’s recommendations for the type of steel,
minimum yield strength (grade) and size of the reinforcing bar,
monitor strain in compression.
for which the mechanical splice is being tested.
NOTE 4—Only the compressive strength of the test specimen is of
interest for evaluating a mechanical splice in compression and not the
NOTE 6—Construction project conditions that may affect the perfor-
strain.
mance of certain types of mechanical splices include the position of the
splice during assembly (vertical, diagonal or horizontal position), tem-
7. Materials perature, humidity, degree of rusting on the reinforcing bar, and bar end
preparation.
7.1 Steel Reinforcing Bars:
8.3.2 The mechanical splice shall be installed on the bar
7.1.1 The minimum yield strength (grade) of the reinforcing
ends in accordance with the splice manufacturer’s recommen-
bars shall be specified by the purchaser. The pattern and the
dations and safety instructions. The amount of torque or other
dimensional aspects of the reinforcing bar deformations shall
means for installing the splice shall be measured and recorded.
be representative of the bars used in practice.
8.3.3 Mechanical splices where grout or other cementitious
7.2 Splice Components:
or epoxy material is used to secure the reinforcing bars within
7.2.1 The couplers or coupling sleeves and any other
the splice shall be prepared in conformance with the splice
components needed for the proper functioning of the mechani-
manufacturer’srequirements.Curingofthegroutmaterialshall
cal splice shall correspond to the size and specified minimum
be conducted in conformance with the splice manufacturer’s
yield strength (grade) of the reinforcing bars tested.
requirements.
7.3 Mechanical properties of the splice components used in
the test shall be documented prior to testing of the bar-splice
9. Conditioning
assembly. Certified mill test reports shall be considered ad-
equate proof of these properties. Properties to be documented
9.1 For mechanical splices requiring low-temperature test-
for these components shall include the yield and tensile
ing, the splice specimens shall be cold soaked for a minimum
strength, as well as the ultimate elongation. For components
of24hpriortotestingatatemperatureequaltoorlessthanthe
made by forging or casting, a chemical analysis and hardness
temperature specified for this test.
tests shall be considered to be sufficient.
NOTE 7—Some Building Codes require such testing on mechanical
splices.
8. Sampling and Test Specimens
10. Test Procedures
8.1 Sampling:
8.1.1 The samples for one series of tests of the reinforcing 10.1 Test Set-up:
bars, as well as the mechanical splice components, shall be 10.1.1 The test specimen shall be placed into the testing
selected from the same respective heat of steel.
machine such that tension and/or compression loads can be
applied axially and without any eccentricity. The ends of the
NOTE 5—Using samples from the same respective heat permits an
specimen shall be held in the test machine such that tension
improved statistical evaluation of the test results.
loads or compression loads or both can be applied to the
8.1.2 Testing of mechanical splices from different heats of
specimen without movement of the specimen within the grips
steel shall be permitted, if allowed by the purchaser.
of the test apparatus.
8.1.3 The reinforcing bar segments within a test specimen
10.1.2 Suitable means for avoiding buckling of the test
shall be nominally of equal length and shall be clean and free
specimen under compression loads shall be employed.
of surface imperfections that would cause the sample to fail to
10.1.3 At least two elongation measuring devices (exten-
conform to either the specified tensile or the specified bending
someters), that continuously monitor elongation, equally
requirements.
spaced around the test specimen, shall be attache
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