ASTM D2603-01(2007)
(Test Method)Test Method for Sonic Shear Stability of Polymer-Containing Oils
Test Method for Sonic Shear Stability of Polymer-Containing Oils
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method permits the evaluation of shear stability with minimum interference from thermal and oxidative factors which may be present in some applications. Within the limitations expressed in the scope of this test method, it has been successfully applied to hydraulic fluids, transmission fluids, tractor fluids, and other fluids of similar applications. It has been found applicable to fluids containing both readily sheared and shear-resistant polymers. Correlation with performance in the case of automotive engine applications has, to date, not been established.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of the shear stability of an oil containing polymer in terms of the permanent loss in viscosity that results from irradiating a sample of the oil in a sonic oscillator. This test method can be useful in predicting the continuity of this property in an oil where no change is made in the base stock or the polymer. It is not intended that this test method serve to predict the performance of polymer-containing oils in service.
1.2 Evidence has been presented that correlation between the shear degradation results obtained by means of sonic oscillation and those obtained in mechanical devices can be poor. This is especially true in the case of automotive engines. Further evidence indicates that the sonic technique may rate different families of polymers in a different order than mechanical devices.,
1.3 Because of these limitations, the committee under whose jurisdiction this test method falls has developed an alternative shear test method using a diesel injector nozzle, Test Method D 3945. While that test method has found some utility in the evaluation of crankcase oils, the stress imparted to the sample has been found to be insufficient to shear polymers of the shear-resistant type found in aircraft hydraulic fluids.
1.4 This test method is used for polymeric additive specifications, especially in the hydraulic fluid market.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for informational purposes only.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D2603 − 01(Reapproved 2007)
Standard Test Method for
Sonic Shear Stability of Polymer-Containing Oils
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2603; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of the shear
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
stabilityofanoilcontainingpolymerintermsofthepermanent
loss in viscosity that results from irradiating a sample of the oil
2. Referenced Documents
in a sonic oscillator. This test method can be useful in
2.1 ASTM Standards:
predicting the continuity of this property in an oil where no
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
change is made in the base stock or the polymer. It is not
and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-
intended that this test method serve to predict the performance
ity)
of polymer-containing oils in service.
D3945 Test Method for Sheer Stability of Ploymer-
1.2 Evidence has been presented that correlation between
Containing Fluids Using a Diesel Injector Nozzle (With-
the shear degradation results obtained by means of sonic
drawn 1998)
oscillation and those obtained in mechanical devices can be
D6022 Practice for Calculation of Permanent Shear Stability
poor. This is especially true in the case of automotive engines.
Index
Further evidence indicates that the sonic technique may rate
3. Summary of Test Method
different families of polymers in a different order than me-
2,3
chanical devices.
3.1 A convenient volume of polymer-containing oil is irra-
diated in a sonic oscillator for a period of time and the changes
1.3 Because of these limitations, the committee under
in viscosity are determined by Test Method D445. Standard
whose jurisdiction this test method falls has developed an
reference fluids containing either a readily sheared or shear-
alternativesheartestmethodusingadieselinjectornozzle,Test
resistant polymer are run frequently to ensure that the equip-
Method D3945. While that test method has found some utility
ment imparts a controlled amount of sonic energy to the
in the evaluation of crankcase oils, the stress imparted to the
sample.
sample has been found to be insufficient to shear polymers of
the shear-resistant type found in aircraft hydraulic fluids.
NOTE 1—The conditions to obtain the data for the precision statement
were a 30–mL sample, 10 min, and at 0°C.
1.4 This test method is used for polymeric additive
specifications, especially in the hydraulic fluid market.
4. Significance and Use
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
4.1 Thistestmethodpermitstheevaluationofshearstability
standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for
with minimum interference from thermal and oxidative factors
informational purposes only.
which may be present in some applications. Within the
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the limitations expressed in the scope of this test method, it has
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the been successfully applied to hydraulic fluids, transmission
fluids, tractor fluids, and other fluids of similar applications. It
has been found applicable to fluids containing both readily
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
sheared and shear-resistant polymers. Correlation with perfor-
Petroleum Products and Lubricantsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.07.0B on High Temperature Rheology of Non-Newtonian Fluids.
mance in the case of automotive engine applications has, to
Current edition approved May 1, 2007. Published June 2007. Originally
date, not been established.
approved in 1967. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D2603 – 01. DOI:
10.1520/D2603-01R07.
2 4
The Effects of Polymer Degradation on Flow Properties of Fluids and For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Lubricants, ASTM STP 382,ASTM, 1965.Available fromASTM Headquarters, 100 contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428, www.astm.org. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Shear Stability of Multigrade Crankcase Oil, ASTM DS 49, ASTM, 1973. the ASTM website.
Available from ASTM Headquarters, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
PA 19428, www.astm.org. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D2603 − 01 (2007)
5. Apparatus
5.1 Sonic Shear Unit, fixed frequency oscillator and sonic
horn.
5.2 Auxiliary Equipment—To facilitate uniform perfor-
mance, the following auxiliary equipment is recommended:
5.2.1 Cooling Bath or Ice Bath—To maintain a desired
temperature such as 0°C.
5.2.2 Griffın 50 mL Beaker, borosilicate glass.
5.2.3 Sonic-Insulated Box—To enclose the sonic horn to
reduce the ambient noise level produced by the sonic shear
unit.
5.3 Viscometer—Any viscometer and bath meeting the re-
quirements of Test Method D445.
6. Reference Fluids
6.1 The primary reference fluid is ASTM Reference Fluid
A, a petroleum oil containing a polymer capable of being
broken down by turbulence at high rates of shear. This oil has
the following typical properties:
Petroleum Reference
Base Fluid A
Viscosity at 100°C, mm /s (cSt) 5.4 10.8
Viscosity at 40°C, mm /s (cSt) 32 58
6.2 A second reference fluid is ASTM Reference Fluid B,
a petroleum oil containing a polymer capable of being broken
down by turbulence at high rates of shear. This oil has a
viscosity of about 13.6 mm /s (cSt) at 40°C.
7. Calibration of Apparatus
7.1 The reference fluid provides a practical way to define
the performance (severity level) of a sonic oscillator unit so
that satisfactory comparison can be made between tests run on
different days in the same unit and between tests run with
FIG. 1 Schematic of Sonic Probe Type Apparatus, Support Sys-
different units.
tems, Cabinet and Power Supply
7.2 The decrease in viscosity observed for a given polymer-
containing oil on irradiation in an oscillator unit depends on a
number of factors; these include sample volume, irradiation
beaker (a weighted ringstand may be used to support the
...
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