ASTM D6022-19
(Practice)Standard Practice for Calculation of Permanent Shear Stability Index
Standard Practice for Calculation of Permanent Shear Stability Index
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Permanent Shear Stability Index (PSSI) is a measure of the loss of viscosity, due to shearing, contributed by a specified additive.
Note 2: For example, a PSSI of 50 means the additive will lose 50 % of the viscosity it contributes to the finished oil.
5.2 The selection of appropriate base fluids and additive concentrations to be used in test oils is left to individual operators or companies. These choices will depend on the intended application for the additive.
Note 3: PSSI may depend more strongly on base fluid, additive concentration, additive chemistry, and the presence of other additives for base fluids of unusual composition (for example, esters) or if additives outside the common range of chemistries and concentrations are used. Caution should be exercised when interpreting results from different sources.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice specifies the procedure for the calculation of Permanent Shear Stability Index (PSSI) of an additive using viscosities before and after a shearing procedure.
1.2 PSSI is calculated for a single blend component and can then be used to estimate the effects of that component on finished lubricant blends.
1.3 This practice is applicable to many products and may use data from many different test methods. The calculation is presented in its most general form in order not to restrict its use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D6022 − 19
Standard Practice for
1
Calculation of Permanent Shear Stability Index
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6022; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* D7109 Test Method for Shear Stability of Polymer-
Containing Fluids Using a European Diesel Injector Ap-
1.1 This practice specifies the procedure for the calculation
paratus at 30 Cycles and 90 Cycles
of Permanent Shear Stability Index (PSSI) of an additive using
3
2.2 CEC Standards:
viscosities before and after a shearing procedure.
CEC L-14-93 Evaluation of the Mechanical Shear Stability
1.2 PSSI is calculated for a single blend component and can
of Lubricating Oils Containing Polymers
then be used to estimate the effects of that component on
CEC L-45-99 Viscosity Shear Stability of Transmission
finished lubricant blends.
Lubricants (KRL)
1.3 This practice is applicable to many products and may
3. Terminology
use data from many different test methods. The calculation is
presented in its most general form in order not to restrict its
3.1 Definitions:
use. 3.1.1 degree of thickening (DT), n—the ratio of an oil’s
viscosity with an additive to that oil’s viscosity without the
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
additive. A measure of the amount by which an additive
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
increases the base fluid viscosity.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- 3.1.2 permanent shear stability index (PSSI), n—a measure
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
of the irreversible decrease, resulting from shear, in an oil’s
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. viscosity contributed by an additive.
3.1.2.1 Discussion—PSSI is a property calculated for a
2. Referenced Documents
single component. Viscosity Loss (q.v.) is a property measured
2
for a finished oil.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D2603 Test Method for Sonic Shear Stability of Polymer-
3.1.3 shear, adj—a relative movement of molecules or
Containing Oils
molecular aggregates that occurs in flowing liquids. A shear
D4485 Specification for Performance of Active API Service
flow is one in which the spatial velocity gradient is perpen-
Category Engine Oils
dicular to the direction of flow.
D5275 Test Method for Fuel Injector Shear Stability Test
3.1.3.1 Discussion—Not all flow geometries meet this defi-
(FISST) for Polymer Containing Fluids
nition.
D5621 Test Method for Sonic Shear Stability of Hydraulic
3.1.4 shear, v—to subject a liquid to a shear flow.
Fluids
3.1.4.1 Discussion—Shearing an oil can sometimes cause
D6278 Test Method for Shear Stability of Polymer Contain-
scission of certain molecular species, resulting in a decrease in
ing Fluids Using a European Diesel Injector Apparatus
viscosity. Not all oils exhibit this response. Common ways of
D6709 Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine
shearing oils to elicit this effect include injection through a
OilsintheSequenceVIIISpark-IgnitionEngine(CLROil
small orifice and flow through gears or bearings. Irradiation
Test Engine)
with sonic energy can also decrease the viscosity of some oils.
3.1.5 Viscosity Loss (VL), n—a measure of the decrease in
1
an oil’s viscosity.
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum
Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-
3.1.5.1 Discussion—Viscosity Loss is a property measured
mittee D02.07 on Flow Properties.
for a finished oil. Permanent Shear Stability Index (q.v.)isa
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2019. Published January 2020. Originally
property calculated for a single component. Some test methods
approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D6022 – 06 (2012).
report VL as a relative change, which is dimensionless (for
DOI: 10.1520/D6022-19.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development,
the ASTM website. Madou Plaza, Place Madou 1, B-1030 Brussels, Belgium.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D6022 − 06 (Reapproved 2012) D6022 − 19
Standard Practice for
1
Calculation of Permanent Shear Stability Index
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6022; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This practice specifies the procedure for the calculation of Permanent Shear Stability Index (PSSI) of an additive using
viscosities before and after a shearing procedure.
1.2 PSSI is calculated for a single blend component and can then be used to estimate the effects of that component on finished
lubricant blends.
1.3 This practice is applicable to many products and may use data from many different test methods. The calculation is presented
in its most general form in order not to restrict its use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D2603 Test Method for Sonic Shear Stability of Polymer-Containing Oils
D4485 Specification for Performance of Active API Service Category Engine Oils
3
D5119 Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils in the CRC L-38 Spark-Ignition Engine (Withdrawn 2003)
D5275 Test Method for Fuel Injector Shear Stability Test (FISST) for Polymer Containing Fluids
D5621 Test Method for Sonic Shear Stability of Hydraulic Fluids
D6278 Test Method for Shear Stability of Polymer Containing Fluids Using a European Diesel Injector Apparatus
D6709 Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils in the Sequence VIII Spark-Ignition Engine (CLR Oil Test
Engine)
D7109 Test Method for Shear Stability of Polymer-Containing Fluids Using a European Diesel Injector Apparatus at 30 Cycles
and 90 Cycles
3
2.2 CEC Standards:
CEC L14AL-14-93 93 Evaluation of the Mechanical Shear Stability of Lubricating Oils Containing Polymers
CEC L37 T 85 Shear Stability of Polymer-Containing Oils (FZG)
CEC L45L-45-99 T 93 Viscosity Shear Stability of Transmission Lubricants (KRL)
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 degree of thickening (DT), n—the ratio of an oil’s viscosity with an additive to that oil’s viscosity without the additive.
A measure of the amount by which an additive increases the base fluid viscosity.
3.1.2 permanent shear stability index (PSSI), n—a measure of the irreversible decrease, resulting from shear, in an oil’s
viscosity contributed by an additive.
3.1.2.1 Discussion—
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.07 on Flow Properties.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2012Dec. 1, 2019. Published November 2012January 2020. Originally approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 20062012
as D6022D6022 – 06 (2012).–06. DOI: 10.1520/D6022-06R12.10.1520/D6022-19.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Madou Plaza, Place Madou 1, B-1030 Brussels, Belgium.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D6022 − 19
PSSI is a property calculated for a single component. Viscosity Loss (q.v.) is a property measured for a finished oil.
3.1.3 shear, adj—a relative movement of molecules or molecular aggregates that occurs in flowing liquids. A shear flow is one
in which the spatial velocity gradient is perpendicular to the direction of flow.
3.1.3.1 Discussion—
Not all flow geometries meet this definition.
3.1.4 shear, v—to subject a liquid to a shear flow.
3.1.4.1 Discussion—
Shearing an oil can sometimes cause scission of certain molecular species, resulting in a decrease in viscosity. Not all oils exhibit
this response. Common ways of shearing oils to
...
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