ASTM C1193-00
(Guide)Standard Guide for Use of Joint Sealants
Standard Guide for Use of Joint Sealants
SCOPE
1.1 This guide describes the use of single and multicomponent, cold-applied joint sealants for parallel joint sealing applications in buildings and related adjacent areas, such as plazas, decks, and pavements for vehicular or pedestrian use, and types of construction other than highways and airfield pavements and bridges.
1.2 The elastomeric or non-elastomeric sealants described by this guide meet the requirements of Specifications C834, C920, and C1085.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Notes 1 and 2.
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Designation: C 1193 – 00
Standard Guide for
Use of Joint Sealants
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1193; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.1 This guide describes the use of a cold liquid-applied
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
sealant for joint sealing applications. Including joints on
priate safety and health practices, and determine the applica-
buildings and related adjacent areas, such as plazas, decks, and
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
pavements for vehicular or pedestrian use, and types of
construction other than highways and airfield pavements and
2. Referenced Documents
bridges. Information in this guide is primarily applicable to a
2.1 ASTM Standards:
single and multi-component, cold liquid-applied joint sealant
C 510 Test Method for Staining and Color Change of
and secondarily to a precured sealant when used with a
Single- or Multicomponent Joint Sealants
properly prepared joint opening and substrate surfaces.
C 717 Terminology of Building Seals and Sealants
1.2 An elastomeric or non-elastomeric sealant described by
C 719 Test Method for Adhesion and Cohesion of Elasto-
thisguideshouldmeettherequirementsofSpecificationC 834,
meric Joint Sealants Under Cyclic Movement (Hockman
C 920, or C 1311.
Cycle)
1.3 This guide does not provide information or guidelines
C 792 Test Method for Effects of Heat Aging on Weight
for the use of a sealant in a structural sealant glazing applica-
Loss, Cracking and Chalking of Elastomeric Sealants
tion. Guide C 1401 should be consulted for this information.
C 794 Test Method for Adhesion-in-Peel of Elastomeric
Additionally, it also does not provide information or guidelines
Joint Sealants
fortheuseofasealantinaninsulatingglassunitedgesealused
C 834 Specification for Latex Sealants
inastructuralsealantglazingapplication.GuideC 1249should
C 919 Practice for Use of Sealants in Acoustical Applica-
be consulted for this information.
tions
1.4 Practice C 919 should be consulted for information and
C 920 Specification for Elastomeric Joint Sealants
guidelines for the use of a sealant in an application where an
C 1083 Test Method for WaterAbsorption of Cellular Elas-
acoustic joint seal is required.
tomeric Gaskets and Sealing Materials
1.5 This guide also does not provide information relative to
C 1087 Test Method for Determining Compatibility of
the numerous types of sealant that are available nor specific
Liquid-Applied Sealants with Accessories Used in Struc-
generic sealant properties, such as hardness, tack-free time, or
tural Glazing Systems
curing process, among others. Guide C 1299 should be con-
C 1135 Test Method for Determining Adhesion Properties
sulted for information on generally accepted comparative
of Structural sealants
values for the characteristics and properties of the more
C 1247 Test Method for Durability of Sealants Exposed to
common generic types of liquid-applied sealant.
Continuous Immersion in Liquids
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
C 1248 Test Method for Staining of Porous Substrate by
standard. The values given in parenthesis are provided for
Joint Sealants
information only.
C 1249 Guide for Secondary Seal for Sealed Insulating
1.7 The Committee with jurisdiction for this standard is not
Glass Units for Structural Sealant Glazing applications
aware of any comparable standards published by other orga-
C 1253 Test Method for Determining the Outgassing Poten-
nizations.
tial of Sealant backing
C 1299 Guide for Use in Selection of Liquid-Applied Seal-
ants
This standard is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C24 on Building
C 1311 Specification for Solvent Release Sealants
Seals and Sealants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C24.10 on
C 1330 Specification for Cylindrical Sealant Backing for
Specifications, Guides and Practices.
Use with Cold Liquid-Applied Sealants
Current edition approved June 10, 2000. Published July 2000. Originally
published as C 1193–91. Last previous edition C 1193–91 (1999).
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
C1193–00
C 1375 Guide for Substrates Used inTesting Building Seals its products and their proper use and installation. Considering
and Sealants the range of properties of commercially available sealants, the
C 1382 Guide for Determining TensileAdhesion Properties variety of joint designs possible, and the many conditions of
of Sealants When Used in Exterior Insulation and Finish use, the information contained herein is general in nature.
Systems (EIFS) Systems 4.3 To assist the user of the guide in locating specific
C 1401 Guide for Structural Sealant Glazing information, a detailed listing of guide numbered sections and
C 1442 Practice for Conducting Tests on Sealants Using their descriptors are included in Appendix X2.
Artificial Weathering Apparatus
5. General Considerations
C 1472 Guide for Calculating Movement and Other Effects
5.1 General—Proper selection and use of a sealant is
When Establishing Sealant Joint Width
fundamental to its ultimate performance, service life, and
D 2203 Test Method for Staining from Sealants
durability. A sealant joint subjected to movement and other
3. Terminology
similar performance factors should be designed for the particu-
lar application to avoid compromising its performance capa-
3.1 Definitions—RefertoTerminologyC 717fordefinitions
bility and causing failure (See 15). If not designed for the
of the following terms used in this guide: adhesive failure,
particular application, failure is a distinct probability. Equally
bicellular sealant backing, blooming, bond-breaker, bridge
important is the proper selection and use of other materials and
sealant joint, butt sealant joint, cell, cellular material, chalk,
products associated with sealant use. These include substrate
chalking, chemically curing sealant, closed cell, closed cell
cleaner, surface conditioner or primer, type of sealant backing
material, closed cell sealant backing, cohesive failure, compat-
material, bond-breaker, and joint filler, among others. The
ibility, compatible materials, compound, control joint, creep,
ability of a sealant installation to remain weather tight is
cure, cured, dirt pick-up, elastomeric, elongation, expansion
critically dependent on proper preparation, continuity, and
joint, fillet sealant joint, gasket, hydrostatic pressure, isolation
durability of the substrates to which the sealant will adhere,
joint, fluid migration, joint filler, laitance, latex sealant, modu-
lus, non-sag sealant, open cell, open cell material, open cell and compatibility of the sealant with the materials it will
contact, including the substrates. The proper application and
outgassing, sealant backing, primer, reversion, rundown, seal,
sealant, sealant backing, self-leveling sealant, shelf-life, sol- installationofthevariousmaterialsandproducts,followingthe
established joint design criteria, avoids premature deterioration
vent release sealant, shrinkage, silicone sealant, skin, structural
of the sealant joint. For a sealant joint that is difficult or
sealant, substrate, tooling, tooling time, weathertight, working
expensive to access (for example, tall buildings and certain
life (pot life).
roofs) a sealant should be selected that will have excellent
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
environmental weathering characteristics to minimize mainte-
3.2.1 durability, n—ability of a sealant joint and its parts to
nance. The following sections describe joint design guidelines
perform its required function over a period of time under the
and the properties and use of a sealant and its associated
influence of the environment.
materials.
3.2.2 durabilitylimit,n—pointatwhichlossofperformance
5.2 Durability—The durability of a sealant and a sealant
leads to the end of service life.
joint is related to many factors. For example, environmental
3.2.3 precured sealant, n—a preformed, factory cured, elas-
exposuretosolarradiation,ozone,heat-aging,andatmospheric
tomeric material.
contaminants can lessen sealant durability. Inadequate con-
3.2.4 premature deterioration, n—failure to achieve pre-
struction tolerances and improper sealant joint design for
dicted service life.
movement and other effects can contribute to sealant joint
3.2.5 service life, n—actual period of time during which no
failure, which is usually expressed as adhesive or cohesive
excessive expenditure is required for maintenance or repair of
failure of the sealant. Inadequate installation (for example,
a sealant joint.
where the sealant profile is inappropriate for movement, where
4. Significance and Use
substrates have not been properly cleaned and, if required,
4.1 This guide provides information and guidelines for primed, and the sealant inadequately tooled, among others) are
consideration by the designer or applicator of a joint seal. It common causes of failure. Conditions of exposure and design
explains the properties and functions of various materials, such (where, for example, a sealant joint is exposed to constant
as sealant, sealant backing, and primer, among others; and, wetting or to pedestrian or other traffic) can lessen sealant and
procedures such as, substrate cleaning and priming, and sealant joint durability. The type of sealant, its primary
installation of the components of a sealed joint. It presents polymer backbone, and the particular sealant formulation can
guidelines for the use and application of the various materials, also contribute to lessened durability, especially if a sealant is
design of a sealant joint for a specific application, and misused for an application or for conditions of use not
environmental conditions and effects that are known to detri- appropriate for it. Frequently, various combinations of envi-
mentally affect a sealant joint. The information and guidelines ronmental exposure and conditions of use occur which can
are also useful for those that supply accessories to the sealant resultinlesseneddurability.Forexample,dependingonsealant
industry and for those that install sealants and accessory type, joint movement combined with heat aging and cold
materials associated with sealant use. weather exposure or joint movement combined with heat aging
4.2 In addition to the design and installation data in this and moisture can result in failure. To enhance durability, it is
guide, consult the sealant manufacturer about applications for important that the sealant type is matched to the conditions of
C1193–00
use and exposure and that the sealant joint is of proper design almostalwaysdecreasetheperformancecapabilityofasealant.
forthoseconditionsofuseandexposure.Inanyevent,eventual Therefore, data sheet performance properties, if correct, gen-
replacement of a sealant that has reached its durability limit erally overstate the expected environmental and cyclic move-
must be planned for in the initial design and installation to ment performance of a sealant. With this in mind, a sealant
facilitate future remedial work.
joint design should always be performed with mitigating
design factors included in the design to account for movement-
5.2.1 Durability Testing—Presently, testing for sealant du-
during-cure (See 12.5).
rability consists of exposing small-scale sealant samples to
artificial weathering, without cycling movement, in a labora- 5.3 Adhesion—Obtaining and then maintaining long-term
tory accelerated weathering device to actinic radiation, mois-
adhesion of a sealant is the primary variable in a successful
ture, and heat according to Practice C 1442. Additionally,
installation. A sealant manufacturer will determine what is
environmental exposure at various locations (for example
necessary to achieve adequate adhesion to a particular sub-
Florida, Arizona, Texas, and certain northern latitudes) is also
strate, and if a primer or surface conditioner is necessary, by
conducted. Correlation of artificial weathering to environmen-
using laboratory test methods. In some applications, glass,
tal exposure is important to assess the relevance of laboratory
metal or other substrates may have coatings, surface treatments
test results to predicting sealant performance during environ-
or difficult-to-remove contaminants requiring special cleaning
mental use (1, 2). Laboratory tests to date indicate that at least
techniques or primers. Due to this surface variability, the
several thousand hours of artificial weathering exposure is
substrates should be sampled and tested by the sealant manu-
necessary to adequately predict a minimum level of environ-
facturer from actual production runs of the materials. Specifi-
mental performance. For example, if changes occur five times
cation C 920 requires a sealant to be rated as Use M, A, G, or
faster in a laboratory device than under environmental condi-
O. When listed by a sealant manufacturer it indicates that, in
tions (a typical average acceleration factor for a number of
general, the sealant has been found to adhere to and is suitable
materials), and the desired lifetime of a material is about five
for use with that substrate type. This is not necessarily a
years, as much as one year of artificial weathering may be
guarantee of adhesion. Samples of the actual substrate should
necessary to qualify a material for the application. The latest
always be tested for adhesion before use, since materials and
ASTM weathering standards recommend as a minimum expo-
finishes can be variable or products can change with time and
sure time that necessary to produce a substantial change in the
formulation from that as previously tested. Consideration
property of interest for the least stable material being evalu-
should also be given to identifying a sealant which, without the
ated. However, this may not be long enough to qualify a
use of primers if possible, will provide adequate adhesion.
material for the desired application. Environmental perfor-
5.3.1 Adhesion Testing—Adhesion of a sealant to a sub-
mance will vary with latitude. For example, a sealant used in
strate surface or another material or component is determined
Chicago will perform differently than the same sealant used in
using laboratory Test Methods C 794 and C 719. Adhesion
Florida for a similar appli
...
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