ASTM B394-99
(Specification)Standard Specification for Niobium and Niobium Alloy Seamless and Welded Tubes
Standard Specification for Niobium and Niobium Alloy Seamless and Welded Tubes
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers wrought niobium and niobium alloy seamless and welded tubes as follows: Note-Committee B-10 has adopted "niobium" as the designation for Element No. 41, formerly named "columbium."
1.1.1 R04200-Type 1 -Reactor grade unalloyed niobium,
1.1.2 R04210-Type 2 -Commercial grade unalloyed niobium,
1.1.3 R04251-Type 3 -Reactor grade niobium alloy containing 1% zirconium, and
1.1.4 R04261-Type 4 -Commercial grade niobium alloy containing 1% zirconium.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test methods portion of this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: B 394 – 99
Standard Specification for
Niobium and Niobium Alloy Seamless and Welded Tubes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B 394; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope heat treated at the same conditions.
1.1 This specification covers wrought niobium and niobium
4. Ordering Information
alloy seamless and welded tubes as follows:
4.1 Orders for materials under this specification shall in-
NOTE 1—Committee B-10 has adopted “niobium” as the designation
clude the following information as applicable:
for Element No. 41, formerly named “columbium.”
4.1.1 Type and grade (Section 1),
1.1.1 R04200-Type 1—Reactor grade unalloyed niobium,
4.1.2 ASTM designation and year of issue,
1.1.2 R04210-Type 2—Commercial grade unalloyed nio-
4.1.3 Method of manufacture (Section 5),
bium,
4.1.4 Temper designation (Section 8),
1.1.3 R04251-Type 3—Reactor grade niobium alloy con-
4.1.5 Quantity in weight, number of pieces, and dimensions,
taining 1 % zirconium, and
4.1.6 Chemistry (Section 6),
1.1.4 R04261-Type 4—Commercial grade niobium alloy
4.1.7 Mechanical properties (Section 7),
containing 1 % zirconium.
4.1.8 Quality and finish (Section1011),
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
4.1.9 Sampling (Section 11),
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
4.1.10 Marking (Section 18),
information only.
4.1.11 Packaging (Section 19),
1.3 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the
4.1.12 Required reports (Section 17),
test methods portion of this specification. This standard does
4.1.13 Disposition of rejected material (Section 16), and
not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any,
4.1.14 Additions to the specification and supplementary
associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this
requirements, as required.
standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices
5. Materials and Manufacture
and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior
to use. 5.1 Material covered by this specification shall be made
from ingots that conform to Specification B 391 and that are
2. Referenced Documents
produced by vacuum or plasma arc melting, vacuum electron-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
beam melting, or a combination of these three methods.
B 391 Specification for Niobium and Niobium Alloy In-
5.2 Seamless tubes may be made by any seamless method
gots
that will yield a product meeting the requirements of this
E 8 Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
specification, such as, but not limited to, extrusion of billets
E 29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
with subsequent cold working by drawing, swaging, or rock-
Determine Conformance with Specifications
ing, with intermediate anneals, until the final dimensions are
reached.
3. Terminology
5.3 Welded tubing shall be made from flat-rolled products
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
by an automatic or semiautomatic welding process with no
3.1.1 lot—a lot shall consist of all material produced from
addition of filler metal in the welding operation. Other methods
the same ingot at one time, with the same cross section,
of welding, such as the addition of filler metal or hand welding,
processed with the same nominal metallurgical parameters and
may be employed if approved by the purchaser and tested by
methods agreed upon between the manufacturer and the
purchaser. The manufacturer must use proper precautions to
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B-10 on
prevent contamination during welding.
Reactive and Refractory Metals and Alloysand is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee B10.03on Niobium and Tantalum.
6. Chemical Requirements
Current edition approved Nov. 10, 1999. Published January 2000. Originally
published as B394-89. Last previous edition B394-95.
6.1 The niobium and niobium alloy ingots and billets for
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 02.04.
3 conversion to finished products covered by this specification
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01.
shall conform to the requirements for chemical composition
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
B 394
TABLE 2 Brinell Hardness
and hardness as prescribed in Table 1 and Table 2.
6.2 The manufacturer’s ingot analysis shall be considered Type 1 Type 2 Type 3 Type 4
Maximum average 90 125 125 135
the chemical analysis for products supplied under this specifi-
Maximum individual impression 105 150 140 150
cation, except for interstitials as specified in 6.3.
6.3 When requested by the purchaser at the time of pur-
chase, the manufacturer shall furnish a report certifying the
TABLE 3 Additional Chemical Requirements for Finished
values of the interstitial elements (C, O, N, H) as prescribed in
Product (When Specified by Purchaser)
Table 3 for each lot of material supplied.
Type 1 Type 2 Type 3 Type 4
(Reactor Grade (Commercial (Reactor Grade (Commercial
7. Mechanical Requirements
Unalloyed Grade Niobium—1 % Grade
Element
Niobium) Unalloyed Zirconium) Niobium—1 %
7.1 The annealed materials supplied under this specification
R04200 Niobium) R04251 Zirconium)
shall conform to the requirements for mechanical properties as
R04210 R04261
specified in Table 4.
Max Weight %
8. Temper Designations
Oxygen 0.0250 0.0400 0.0250 0.0400
Carbon 0.0100 0.0150 0.0100 0.0150
8.1 Unless otherwise stated, the materials supplied under
Nitrogen 0.0100 0.0100 0.0100 0.0100
these specifications shall be in the fully annealed condition,
Hydrogen 0.0015 0.0015 0.0015 0.0015
that is, at least 90 % recrystallized.
8.2 Other temper designations, such as cold-worked temper
A
TABLE 4 Mechanical Properties for Material, Annealed
or stress-relieved temper, can be specified as agreed upon
Condition (90 % Minimum Recrystallized)
between the purchaser and the manufacturer at the time of
Ultimate Tensile Yield Strength Elongation in 1-in.
purchase.
Grade Strength, min, psi (0.2 % offset), min, (25-mm) gage
(MPa) psi (MPa) length, min, %
9. Permissible Variations in Dimensions and Weight
Type 1 18 000 (125) 10 500 ( 73) 25
9.1 Diameter and Wall Thickness—The permissible varia-
Type 2 18 000 (125) 10 500 ( 73) 25
tions in diameter and wall thickness of the tubes shall not
Type 3 28 000 (195) 18 000 (125) 20
exceed those prescribed in Table 5. Type 4 28 000 (195) 18 000 (125) 20
A
9.2 Length—When tube is ordered cut to length, the useable
Refer to Section 13 for conditions of mechanical property tests.
length shall not be less than that specified, but a variation of +
⁄8in. (3.18 mm) will be permitted for lengths up to 6 ft (1.8 m).
TABLE 5 Permissible Variations in Diameter and Wall Thickness
A
For lengths over 6 ft, a variation of + ⁄4in. (6.4 mm) will be Measured at any Location
permitted, unless otherwise specified at the time of purchase.
Variation in Variation in
Outside Inside Variation in
9.3 Straightness—The tube shall be free of bends or kinks,
Nominal Outside Diameter, Diameter, Diameter, Wall Thickness,
and the maximum bow shall not exceed values shown in Table
B
in. (mm) Over and Over and Over and
C,D
6.
Under, in. Under, in. Under, %
B C
(mm) (mm)
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements
0.187 to 0.625 (4.7 to 15.9), excl 0.004 (0.010) 0.004 (0.010) 10
Type 1 Type 2 Type 3 Type 4
0.625 to 1.000 (15.9 to 25.4), excl 0.005 (0.13) 0.005 (0.13) 10
(Reactor (Commercial (Reactor Grade (Commercial
1.000 to 2.000 (25.4 to 50.8), excl 0.0075 (0.19) 0.0075 (0.19) 10
Grade Grade Niobium—1 % Grade
2.000 to 3.000 (50.8 to 76.2), excl 0.010 (0.25) 0.010 (0.25) 10
Element
Unalloyed Unalloyed Zirconium) Niobium—1 %
3.000 to 4.000 (76.2 to 101.6), excl 0.0125 (0.32) 0.0125 (0.32) 10
Niobium) Niobium) R04251 Zirconium)
A
These tolerances are applicable to only two dimensions, such as outside
R04200 R04210 R04261
diameter and wall, or inside diameter and wall, or outside diameter and inside
Max Weight % (Except Where Otherwise Specified)
diameter.
B
For applicable tolerances for very small tubes, less than 0.187 in. (4.9 mm) in
Each ingot:
outside diameter, or very thin wall tubes, less than 0.010 in. (0.25 mm), the
Carbon 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01
producer should be consulted.
Nitrogen 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01
C
When tubes as ordered require wall thicknesses 3 4 in. (19.05 mm) or over,
Oxygen 0.015 0.025 0.015 0.025 /
or an inside diameter 60 % or less of the outside diameter, a wider variation in wall
Hydrogen 0.0015 0.0015 0.0015 0.0015
thickness is required. On such sizes, a variation in wall thickness of 12.5 % over
Zirconium 0.02 0.02 0.8 to 1.2 0.8 to 1.2
and under will be permitted.
(range) (range)
D
Ovality measured at any cross section: For tubes with nominal wall thickness
Tantalum 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.5
less than 3 % of the nominal outside diameter, the ovality tolerance is double the
Iron 0.005 0.01 0.005 0.01
tolerance shown in the second and third columns.
Silicon 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005
Tungsten 0.03 0.05 0.03 0.05
Nickel 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005
9.4 Quantity or Weight—For orders requiring up to 100 ft
Molybdenum 0.010 0.020 0.010 0.050
(30.5 m) of finished tubing, the manufacturer may overship by
Hafnium 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02
Titanium 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.03
20 %. When the order is for quantities up to 1000 ft (305 m) or
When specified:
1000 lb (453.6 kg), the manufacturer may overship by 10 %.
Boron 2 ppm . 2 ppm .
The permissible overshipment shall be negotiated for orders
Aluminum 0.002 0.005 0.002 0.005
Beryllium 0.005 . 0.005 .
larger than this quantity.
Chromium 0.002 . 0.002 .
Cobalt 0.002 . 0.002 .
10. Quality and Finish
10.1 Finished niobium and niobium alloy tubes sh
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