ASTM E2947-14
(Guide)Standard Guide for Building Enclosure Commissioning
Standard Guide for Building Enclosure Commissioning
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This guide provides recommendations for the enclosure commissioning process from its project planning through design, construction and occupancy and operation phases. This guide is intended for various building types. Although Practice E2813 defines two levels of commissioning, fundamental and enhanced, complex buildings and Owners seeking a higher level of assurance may require more intensified commissioning than the minimum requirements described in this guide and Practice E2813.8
5.2 The process uses performance-oriented practices and procedures to verify that the project is achieving the OPR throughout the delivery of the project.
5.3 The BECx process is recommended to begin during the predesign phase and continues through the occupancy and operations phase. The process includes specific tasks during each project phase.
5.4 The commissioning process is outlined in ANSI/ASHRAE/IES Standard 202. It is recommended that the reader understand and comprehend the base process provided in that document. This standard guide and Practice E2813 provide a specific process related to the building enclosure commissioning.
5.5 Note that the commissioning process should not infringe upon the authority or responsibility of the Owner, the project’s designers or contractors. The BECxS, BECxP and CxA can identify areas of concern relative to the Owner’s Project Requirements which are discussed with the Owner and other stakeholders; however it is the Owner who directs the project and BECx teams. It is recommended that the BECxP be engaged in predesign phase to define the scope of commissioning so that the Owner’s agreements with the project team (including the contractor) clearly define the scope of contracted tasks that interface with commissioning process.
5.6 Commissioning does not replace a traditional design/construction process but is meant to enhance and be an integral part of that process by validating the design and verifying the construction meets the re...
SCOPE
1.1 Purpose—This guide provides procedures, methods and documentation techniques that may be used in the application of the building enclosure commissioning (BECx) process. This guide is complementary to Practice E2813 and is aligned with ANSI/ASHRAE/IES Standard 202 and ASHRAE Guideline 0.
1.2 Extent—The process outlined in this standard guide applies to each building delivery phase from pre-design through Owner occupancy and operation. The specific application of this guide may vary to suit the Owner, the project delivery method and the building project as outlined in the Owner‘s Project Requirements (OPR).
1.3 Primary Focus—The primary focus of this process includes, but may not be limited to, new construction of building enclosures, existing building enclosures undergoing substantial renovation or alteration, and continuous commissioning of enclosure systems.
1.4 Contractual and Regulatory Obligations—The methods described in this guide are not intended to supersede or otherwise replace the contractual obligations reserved specifically for the parties responsible for the design and construction of a building or structure, nor to alter the roles, responsibilities and duties that may otherwise be assigned to those parties by applicable regulatory or statutory law.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: E2947 − 14
StandardGuide for
Building Enclosure Commissioning
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2947; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2.2 ASHRAE Guidelines and Standards:
ANSI/ASHRAE/IES Standard 202 Commissioning Process
1.1 Purpose—This guide provides procedures, methods and
for Buildings and Systems
documentation techniques that may be used in the application
ASHRAE Guideline 0 The Commissioning Process
of the building enclosure commissioning (BECx) process.This
guide is complementary to Practice E2813 and is aligned with
3. Terminology
ANSI/ASHRAE/IES Standard 202 andASHRAE Guideline 0.
3.1 Definitions—Refer to the most current edition of the
1.2 Extent—The process outlined in this standard guide
following:
applies to each building delivery phase from pre-design
3.1.1 ASTM E631 Terminology of Building Constructions.
through Owner occupancy and operation. The specific appli-
3.1.2 ASHRAE Guideline 0, Section 4, Definitions.
cation of this guide may vary to suit the Owner, the project
3.1.3 ANSI/ASHRAE/IES Standard 202, Section 3, Defini-
delivery method and the building project as outlined in the
tions.
Owner‘s Project Requirements (OPR).
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.3 Primary Focus—The primary focus of this process
3.2.1 The following definitions, abbreviations, and acro-
includes, but may not be limited to, new construction of
nyms are specific to the implementation of the commissioning
building enclosures, existing building enclosures undergoing
process for building enclosure systems. These definitions are
substantial renovation or alteration, and continuous commis-
applicablethroughoutthisguideline.Termsthatarenotdefined
sioning of enclosure systems.
have their ordinarily accepted meanings within the context in
1.4 Contractual and Regulatory Obligations—The methods
which they are used.
described in this guide are not intended to supersede or
3.2.2 basis of design, BOD, n—a document developed by
otherwise replace the contractual obligations reserved specifi-
the design team that records the technical concepts,
cally for the parties responsible for the design and construction
assumptions, calculations, decisions, and product selections
of a building or structure, nor to alter the roles, responsibilities
used to meet the Owner’s Project Requirements and to satisfy
and duties that may otherwise be assigned to those parties by
applicable regulatory requirements, standards and guidelines.
applicable regulatory or statutory law.
3.2.2.1 Discussion—The BOD document includes both nar-
rative descriptions and lists of individual items that supports
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
the design process.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2.3 bidding and negotiation phase, n—preparatory phase
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
of the construction process delivery that assists in the solicita-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
tion and selection of prospective bidders, including evaluation
of requests for information, substitutions, development of
2. Referenced Documents
Addenda, review of bids and qualifications and the award of
2.1 ASTM Standards:
trade contracts.
E631 Terminology of Building Constructions
3.2.3.1 Discussion—This phase is followed by the pre-
E2813 Practice for Building Enclosure Commissioning
construction sub-phase.
3.2.4 building enclosure, n—the terms “building enclosure”
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on Performance and “enclosure” refer collectively to materials, components,
of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.55 on Perfor-
systems, and assemblies intended to provide shelter and
mance of Building Enclosures.
environmental separation between interior and exterior, or
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2014. Published December 2014. DOI:
10.1520/E2947-14
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Available from American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (ASHRAE), 1791 Tullie Circle, NE, Atlanta, GA
the ASTM website. 30329, http://www.ashrae.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
E2947 − 14
between two or more environmentally distinct interior spaces actions, are responsible for implementing the Building Enclo-
in a building or structure. sure Commissioning Process.
3.2.9.1 Discussion—This group may be comprised of the
3.2.4.1 Discussion—The building enclosure may include
but is not limited to walls, fenestration, roofs, ceilings and Owner, Architect, Engineer, BECxP, BECxS, BECxT, design
sub-consultants, construction manager, general contractor,
floors (and the intentional openings and penetrations through
them). subcontractors, manufacturers, and the whole-building CxA.
3.2.10 building enclosure commissioning technologist,
3.2.5 building enclosure commissioning, BECx,
n—architecture or engineering-related technical services or BECxT, n—individuals and/or accredited testing agencies who
possess the skills, knowledge, experience and certification, as
both, performed on behalf of the Owner that implements a
quality-focused process for enhancing the delivery of a project required, to perform the testing outlined in the building
enclosure commissioning specification.
by focusing on validating during the design phase and verify-
ing during the construction phase that the performance of
3.2.11 commissioning authority, CxA, n—entity identified
building enclosure materials, components, assemblies and
by the Owner who leads, plans, schedules, and coordinates the
systems are designed and installed to meet the Owner’s Project
commissioning team to implement the commissioning process
Requirements.
for the whole building as outlined in ANSI/ASHRAE/IES
Standard 202.
3.2.6 building enclosure commissioning plan, BECx plan,
n—a document that outlines the scope, organization, schedule,
3.2.12 commissioning plan, Cx plan, n—document that
allocation of resources, responsibilities, testing and documen-
outlinestheorganization,schedule,andallocationofresources,
tation requirements of the building enclosure commissioning
responsibilities, and documentation requirements of the whole
process to meet the OPR.
building commissioning process.
3.2.6.1 Discussion—The BECx plan may be a portion of the
3.2.13 completion (substantial), n—is as defined by the
whole building Cx plan.
contract documents but generally understood to be the stage in
3.2.7 building enclosure commissioning provider, BECxP,
the progress of the construction work where the project, or a
n—a duly authorized person or firm in the jurisdiction of the portion of the project, is sufficiently complete that the Owner
project retained by the Owner to develop, manage, and be in
can occupy the building or utilize the building for its intended
responsible charge of the BECx process, including the BECx
use.
activities from individual members and technical specialists
3.2.14 construction phase, n—the period of the project
that may comprise the BECx team.
delivery process after the construction contract is awarded.
3.2.7.1 Discussion—The BECxP should be trained,
3.2.14.1 Discussion—While there may be a variety of sub-
experienced, certified and knowledgeable in the building en-
phase names used in the industry, for this guide the following
closure commissioning process, and possess and be able to
terms will be used for the sub-phases: pre-construction and
demonstrate proficiency in the core competencies listed in
construction administration.
4.2.1ofPracticeE2813.Thepersonorfirmperformingtherole
3.2.14.2 pre-construction sub-phase, n—the period of the
of BECxP should be identified by the Owner. The role of the
project delivery process after construction contract is awarded
BECxPmay be performed by the Building Enclosure Commis-
when enclosure systems and assemblies are detailed in shop
sioning Specialist (BECxS), the overall building commission-
drawings and laboratory or other quality assurance testing is
ing authority (CxA), or another qualified member to the Cx
performed prior to construction to comply with the construc-
team.
tion documents and OPR.
3.2.8 building enclosure commissioning specialist, BECxS,
n—a registered design professional (Professional Engineer or 3.2.14.3 Discussion—This sub-phase is followed by the
Registered Architect) and/or duly authorized firm in the juris- construction administration sub-phase.
diction of the project, who is retained by the Owner with the 3.2.14.4 construction administration sub-phase, n—the pe-
applicable experience, certification and technical knowledge of riod of the project delivery process when project enclosure
the performance of building enclosure systems and who is able materials are fabricated, installed, inspected, field tested, and
to demonstrate and maintain throughout the project third party
placed into service to meet the Owner’s Project Requirements.
independence in order to avoid conflicts of interest. Refer to
3.2.15 design phase, n—the period of the project delivery
1.4 for additional information.
process when a design that satisfies the Owner’s Project
3.2.8.1 Discussion—The BECxS possesses the experience
Requirements is developed and translated into construction
and technical skills needed to assess, critique, validate, verify,
documents.
and support the BECx team during the design and construction
3.2.16 design sub-phases, n—design phase is typically
phases.
broken into three sub-phases with each taking approximately
3.2.9 building enclosure commissioning team, BECx team,
one third of the total design phase time to complete.
n—the individuals and agencies who, through coordinated
The sub-phases described are for a traditional project delivery process. While
recognizing that a building can be designed and constructed following alternative
The authority having jurisdiction may have more stringent requirements and project delivery processes (such as “design build” or “design assist”), this guide
qualifications for person’s performing this role. does not specifically address them.
E2947 − 14
3.2.16.1 Discussion—These design sub-phases have a vari- a project and the expectations of how it will be used and
ety of names, but for this guide, the following terms will be operated and includes the programmatic, aesthetic, and general
used: performance requirements of a building, structure or portion
3.2.16.2 schematic design (also referred to as “35 % thereof and the expectations of the Owner relative to its
design”), SD, n—sub-phase of building design that produces intended use, occupancy, operation, and service life.
documents that illustrate and describe the concept design of a 3.2.19.1 Discussion—The portion of the OPR that relates to
project illustrating the scale and relationship of the project the building enclosure is considered to be a “living document”
components including preliminary selections of major building for the BECx process and outlines the objectives upon which
systems and construction materials. the pre-design, design, and construction phase BECx activities
are evaluated (see definitions inANSI/ASHRAE/IES Standard
3.2.16.3 Discussion—Schematic design is followed by the
202).
design development sub-phase.
3.2.20 pre-design phase, n—preparatoryphaseoftheproject
3.2.16.4 design development (also referred to as “65 %
delivery process in which the OPR is developed and the BECx
design”), DD, n—sub-phase of building design that produces
scope is outlined.
documents that illustrate and describe the refinement of the
3.2.20.1 Discussion—This phase is followed by the sche-
schematic design of a project establishing the scope,
matic design sub-phase.
relationships, forms, size, and appearance of the project. Major
materials and systems are identified including interface details
3.3 Abbreviations and Acronyms:
and their quality levels are established.
3.3.1 A/E—Architect/Engineer
3.3.2 AOR—Architect of Record
3.2.16.5 Discussion—Design development is followed by
the construction documents subphase.
3.3.3 BECx—Building enclosure commissioning
3.2.16.6 construction documents (also referred to as “100
3.3.4 BECxP—Building enclosure commissioning provider
% design”), CD, n—sub-phase of building design that pro-
3.3.5 BECxS—Building enclosure commissioning specialist
ducesdocumentsthat (1)setforthindetailtherequirementsfor
the construction of a project and (2) establish in detail the 3.3.6 BECxT—Building enclosure commissioning technolo-
enclosure performance requirements and the quality of mate- gist
rials and systems required for the project.
3.3.7 BOD—Basis of design document
3.2.16.7 Discussion—Final construction documents are pre- 3.3.8 Cx—Commissioning
pared as required to solicit, procure, and construct the project
3.3.9 CxA—Commissioning authority
and include drawings, specifications, contract forms and
3.3.10 IDR—Independent 3rd party design peer review
conditions, bidding requirements, and resource documents (see
3.3.11 NCR—Nonconformance report
definitions of Construction Documents inANSI/ASHRAE/IES
Standard 202).
3.3.12 OPR—Owner’s project requirements
3.2.17 independent 3rd party design peer review, IDR,
3.3.13 QA—Quality assurance
n—objectivetechnicalreviewofthedesignand/orconstruction
3.3.14 QC—Quality control
documents that, as part of the BECx process during the design
phase, evaluates the proposed building enclosure systems, 3.3.15 Design Phases:
details, objectives and performance criteria for compliance
3.3.15.1 SD—Schematic design phase (or 35 % design
with the OPR. phase)
3.2.17.1 Discussion—The IDR is performed by the BECxS.
3.3.15.2 DD—Design development phase (or 65 % design
phase)
3.2.18 nonconformance process, n—process for identifying,
3.3.15.3 CD—Construction document phase (or 100 % de-
documenting, evaluating, and avoiding the inadvertent use or
sign phase)
installation of nonconforming items of work.
3.2.18.1 Discussion—Construction materials and systems
4. Summary of Practice
that are found not to be in compliance with the approved
project requirements, specifications, drawings an
...
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