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ASTM D4328-97

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Calculation of Supersaturation of Barium Sulfate, Strontium Sulfate, and Calcium Sulfate Dihydrate (Gypsum) in Brackish Water, Seawater, and Brines

Standard Practice for Calculation of Supersaturation of Barium Sulfate, Strontium Sulfate, and Calcium Sulfate Dihydrate (Gypsum) in Brackish Water, Seawater, and Brines

SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the calculation of supersaturation of barium sulfate, strontium sulfate, and calcium sulfate dihydrate (gypsum) in brackish water, seawater, and brines in which barium, strontium, and calcium ions either coexist or exist individually in solution in the presence of sulfate ions.  
1.2 This practice is not applicable for calculating calcium sulfate dihydrate supersaturation if the temperatures of saline waters under investigation exceed 95°C. At temperatures above 95°C, hemianhydrate and anhydrite would be major insoluble forms.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Dec-1997
ICS
13.060.30 - Sewage water
Technical Committee
D19 - Water
Drafting Committee
D19.05 - Inorganic Constituents in Water
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM D4328-03 - Standard Practice for Calculation of Supersaturation of Barium Sulfate, Strontium Sulfate, and Calcium Sulfate Dihydrate (Gypsum) in Brackish Water, Seawater, and Brines
Effective Date
10-Jan-2003

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ASTM D4328-97 - Standard Practice for Calculation of Supersaturation of Barium Sulfate, Strontium Sulfate, and Calcium Sulfate Dihydrate (Gypsum) in Brackish Water, Seawater, and BrinesASTM D4328-97 - Standard Practice for Calculation of Supersaturation of Barium Sulfate, Strontium Sulfate, and Calcium Sulfate Dihydrate (Gypsum) in Brackish Water, Seawater, and Brines
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ASTM D4328-97 - Standard Practice for Calculation of Supersaturation of Barium Sulfate, Strontium Sulfate, and Calcium Sulfate Dihydrate (Gypsum) in Brackish Water, Seawater, and Brines
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or
withdrawn. Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 4328 – 97
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM
Standard Practice for
Calculation of Supersaturation of Barium Sulfate, Strontium
Sulfate, and Calcium Sulfate Dihydrate (Gypsum) in
1
Brackish Water, Seawater, and Brines
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4328; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D 3986 Test Method for Barium in Brines, Seawater, and
Brackish Water by Direct-Current Argon Plasma Atomic
1.1 This practice covers the calculation of supersaturation of
3
Emission Spectroscopy
barium sulfate, strontium sulfate, and calcium sulfate dihydrate
(gypsum) in brackish water, seawater, and brines in which
3. Terminology
barium, strontium, and calcium ions either coexist or exist
3.1 Definitions: For definitions of terms used in this prac-
individually in solution in the presence of sulfate ions.
tice, refer to Terminology D 1129.
1.2 This practice is not applicable for calculating calcium
sulfate dihydrate supersaturation if the temperatures of saline
4. Significance and Use
waters under investigation exceed 95°C. At temperatures above
4.1 This practice covers the mathematical calculation of the
95°C, hemianhydrate and anhydrite would be major insoluble
supersaturation of three principal sulfate scaling compounds
forms.
found in industrial operations. Application of this standard
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
practice to the prediction of scale formation in a given system,
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
however, requires experience. The calculations tell the user if
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
a water, or mixture of waters, is in a scaling mode. Whether or
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
not scale will in fact form, how quickly it will form, where it
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
will form, in what quantities, and what composition are subject
to factors beyond the scope of this practice. However, based on
2. Referenced Documents
how supersaturated a given water or mixture of waters is, an
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2 objective evaluation of the relative likelihood of scale forma-
D 511 Test Methods for Calcium and Magnesium in Water
tion can be made.
D 512 Test Methods for Chloride Ion in Water
D 513 Test Methods for Total and Dissolved Carbon Diox-
NOTE 1—There are several personal computer (PC) type programs that
2
ide in Water are both available commercially and publicly that will perform these
2
calculations.
D 516 Test Method for Sulfate Ion in Water
2
D 1129 Terminology Relating to Water
5. Procedure
D 1192 Specification for Equipment for Sampling Water
2
5.1 Collect water samples for compositional analysis in
and Steam in Closed Conduits
accordance with Practices D 3370 and Specification D 1192.
D 3352 Test Method for Strontium Ion in Brackish Water,
3
5.2 Determine the calcium and magnesium concentrations
Seawater, and Brines
in accordance with Test Methods D 511.
D 3370 Practices for Sampling Water from Closed Con-
2
5.3 Determine the barium concentration in accordance with
duits
Test Methods D 3651 or D 3986.
D 3561 Test Method for Lithium, Potassium, and Sodium
5.4 Determine the strontium concentration in accordance
Ions in Brackish Water, Seawater, and Brines by Atomic
3
with Test Method D 3352.
Absorption Spectrophotometry
5.5 Determine sodium and potassium concentrations in
D 3651 Test Method for Barium in Brackish Water, Seawa-
3
accordance with Test Method D 3561.
ter, and Brines
5.6 Determine sulfate ion concentration in accordance with
1
Test Method D 516.
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-19 on Water and
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.05 on Inorganic Constituents in 5.7 Determine chloride ion concentration in accordance
Water.
with Test Methods D 512.
Current edition approved Dec. 10, 1997. Published December 1998. Originally
5.8 Determine carbonate and bicarbonate ion concentrations
e1
published as D 4328–84. Last previous edition D 4328–84 (1993) .
2
in accordance with Test Methods D 513.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.01.
3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.02.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
NOTICE:¬This¬standard¬has¬either¬been¬superseded¬and¬replaced¬by¬a¬new¬version¬or
discontinued.¬Contact¬ASTM¬International¬(www.astm.org)¬for¬the¬latest¬information.¬
D 4328
5.9 Determine the concentrations
...

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