ASTM D5389-93(2007)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Open-Channel Flow Measurement by Acoustic Velocity Meter Systems
Standard Test Method for Open-Channel Flow Measurement by Acoustic Velocity Meter Systems
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is used where high accuracy of velocity or continuous discharge measurement over a long period of time is required and other test methods of measurement are not feasible due to low velocities in the channel, variable stage-discharge relations, complex stage-discharge relations, or the presence of marine traffic. It has the additional advantages of requiring no moving parts, introducing no head loss, and providing virtually instantaneous readings (1 to 100 readings per second).
The test method may require a relatively large amount of site work and survey effort and is therefore most suitable for permanent or semi-permanent installations.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of flow rate of water in open channels, streams, and closed conduits with a free water surface.
1.2 The test method covers the use of acoustic transmissions to measure the average water velocity along a line between one or more opposing sets of transducers-by the time difference or frequency difference techniques.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 6.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation: D5389 − 93(Reapproved 2007)
Standard Test Method for
Open-Channel Flow Measurement by Acoustic Velocity
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Meter Systems
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5389; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of flow rate of
method, refer to Terminology D1129.
water in open channels, streams, and closed conduits with a
free water surface.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 acoustic path—the straight line between the centers of
1.2 Thetestmethodcoverstheuseofacoustictransmissions
two acoustic transducers.
tomeasuretheaveragewatervelocityalongalinebetweenone
or more opposing sets of transducers—by the time difference
3.2.2 acoustic path length—the face-to-face distance be-
or frequency difference techniques.
tween transducers on an acoustic path.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
3.2.3 acoustic transducer—a device that is used to generate
standard.
acoustic signals when driven by an electric voltage, and
conversely, a device that is used to generate an electric voltage
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
when excited by an acoustic signal.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2.4 acoustic travel time—the time required for an acoustic
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
signal to propagate along an acoustic path, either upstream or
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-
downstream.
tionary statements are given in Section 6.
3.2.5 discharge—the rate of flow expressed in units of
volume of water per unit of time. The discharge includes any
2. Referenced Documents
sediment or other materials that may be dissolved or mixed
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with it.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
3.2.6 line velocity—the downstream component of water
D2777 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of
velocity averaged over an acoustic path.
Applicable Test Methods of Committee D19 on Water
3.2.7 measurement plane—the plane formed by two or more
D3858 Test Method for Open-Channel Flow Measurement
parallel acoustic paths of different elevations.
of Water by Velocity-Area Method
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3.2.8 path velocity—the water velocity averaged over the
2.2 ISO Standard:
acoustic path.
ISO 6416 Liquid Flow Measurements in Open Channels—
Measurement of Discharge by the Ultrasonic (Acoustic)
3.2.9 stage—the height of a water surface above an estab-
Method lished (or arbitrary) datum plane; also gage height.
3.2.10 velocity sampling—means of obtaining line veloci-
ties in a measurement plane that are suitable for determining
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This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water
flow rate by a velocity-area integration.
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.07 on Sediments,
Geomorphology, and Open-Channel Flow.
4. Summary of Test Method
Current edition approved June 15, 2007. Published July 2007. Originally
approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D5389 – 93 (2002).
4.1 Acoustic velocity meter (AVM) systems, also known as
DOI: 10.1520/D5389-93R07.
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ultrasonic velocity meter (UVM) systems, operate on the
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
principle that the point-to-point upstream traveltime of an
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
acoustic pulse is longer than the downstream traveltime and
the ASTM website.
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that this difference in travel time can be accurately measured
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D5389 − 93 (2007)
FIG. 1 Velocity Component Used in Developing Travel-Time
Equations
4.2 Most commercial AVM systems that measure stream-
flow use the time-of-travel method to determine velocity along FIG. 2 Voltage Representation of Transmit and Receive Pulses at
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Upstream and Downstream Transducers
an acoustic path set diagonal to the flow. This test method
describes the general formula for determining line velocity
defined as (Fig. 1 and Fig. 2):
1 1
necessary to provide water lev
...
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