ASTM E2096/E2096M-22

Standard Practice for In Situ Examination of Ferromagnetic Heat-Exchanger Tubes Using Remote Field Testing

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The purpose of RFT is to evaluate the condition of the tubing. The evaluation results may be used to assess the likelihood of tube failure during service, a task which is not covered by this practice.  
5.2 Principle of Probe Operation—In a basic RFT probe, the electromagnetic field emitted by an exciter travels outwards through the tube wall, axially along the outside of tube, and back through the tube wall to a detector3 (Fig. 2a).
FIG. 2 RFT Probes  
Note 1: Arrows indicate flow of electromagnetic energy from exciter to detector. Energy flow is perpendicular to lines of magnetic flux.  
5.2.1 Flaw indications are created when (1) in thin-walled areas, the field arrives at the detector with less attenuation and less time delay, (2) discontinuities interrupt the lines of magnetic flux, which are aligned mainly axially, or (3) discontinuities interrupt the eddy currents, which flow mainly circumferentially. A discontinuity at any point on the through-transmission path can create a perturbation; thus RFT has approximately equal sensitivity to flaws on the inner and outer walls of the tube.3  
5.3 Warning Against Errors in Interpretation.Characterizing flaws by RFT may involve measuring changes from nominal (or baseline), especially for absolute coil data. The choice of a nominal value is important and often requires judgment. Practitioners should exercise care to use for nominal reference a section of tube that is free of damage (see definition of “nominal tube” in 3.2.3). In particular, bends used as nominal reference must be free of damage, and tube support plates used as nominal reference should be free of metal loss in the plate and in adjacent tube material. If necessary, a complementary technique (as described in 11.12) may be used to verify the condition of areas used as nominal reference.  
5.4 Probe Configuration—The detector is typically placed two to three tube diameters from the exciter, in a location where the remote field dominates the direc...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes procedures to be followed during remote field examination of installed ferromagnetic heat-exchanger tubing for baseline and service-induced discontinuities.  
1.2 This practice is intended for use on ferromagnetic tubes with outside diameters from 0.500 to 2.000 in. [12.70 to 50.80 mm], with wall thicknesses in the range from 0.028 to 0.134 in. [0.71 to 3.40 mm].  
1.3 This practice does not establish tube acceptance criteria; the tube acceptance criteria must be specified by the using parties.  
1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-May-2022
• ICS: 23.040.10 - Iron and steel pipes
• Technical Committee: E07 - Nondestructive Testing
• Drafting Committee: E07.07 - Electromagnetic Method

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E2096/E2096M − 22
Standard Practice for
In Situ Examination of Ferromagnetic Heat-Exchanger Tubes
1
Using Remote Field Testing
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationE2096/E2096M;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyear
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 Thispracticedescribesprocedurestobefollowedduring
E543 Specification for Agencies Performing Nondestructive
remote field examination of installed ferromagnetic heat-
Testing
exchanger tubing for baseline and service-induced discontinui-
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
ties.
1.2 This practice is intended for use on ferromagnetic tubes
3. Terminology
with outside diameters from 0.500 to 2.000 in. [12.70 to 50.80
3.1 General—Definitions of terms used in this practice can
mm],withwallthicknessesintherangefrom0.028to0.134in.
be found in Terminology E1316, Section A, “Common NDT
[0.71 to 3.40 mm].
Terms,” and Section C, “Electromagnetic Testing.”
1.3 This practice does not establish tube acceptance criteria;
3.2 Definitions:
the tube acceptance criteria must be specified by the using 3.2.1 detector, n—one or more coils or elements used to
parties.
sense or measure magnetic field; also known as a receiver.
3.2.2 exciter, n—a device that generates a time-varying
1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-
electromagnetic field, usually a coil energized with alternating
pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The
current (ac); also known as a transmitter.
values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equiva-
3.2.3 nominal tube, n—a tube or tube section meeting the
lents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each
tubing manufacturer’s specifications, with relevant properties
system shall be used independently of the other, and values
typical of a tube being examined, used for reference in
from the two systems shall not be combined.
interpretation and evaluation.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2.4 remote field, n—as applied to nondestructive testing,
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
the electromagnetic field which has been transmitted through
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
the test object and is observable beyond the direct coupling
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
field of the exciter.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.2.5 remote field testing, n—a nondestructive test method
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
that measures changes in the remote field to detect and
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
characterize discontinuities.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3.2.6 using parties, n—the supplier and purchaser.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
3.2.6.1 Discussion—The party carrying out the examination
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
is referred to as the “supplier,” and the party requesting the
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
examination is referred to as the “purchaser,” as required in
Form and Style for ASTM Standards, April 2004. In common
usage outside this practice, these parties are often referred to as
the “operator” and “customer,” respectively.
3.3 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nonde-
structive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.07 on
2
Electromagnetic Method. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved June 1, 2022. Published June 2022. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as E2096/E2096M – 16. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/E2096_E2096M-22. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E2096/E2096M − 22
FIG. 1 A and B: Typical Phase-Amplitude Diagrams Used in RFT; C: Generic Strip Chart With Flaw
3.3.1 flaw characterization standard, n—a standard used in 3.3.6 sample rate—the rate at which data i
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E2096/E2096M − 16 E2096/E2096M − 22
Standard Practice for
In Situ Examination of Ferromagnetic Heat-Exchanger Tubes
1
Using Remote Field Testing
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2096/E2096M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This practice describes procedures to be followed during remote field examination of installed ferromagnetic heat-exchanger
tubing for baseline and service-induced discontinuities.
1.2 This practice is intended for use on ferromagnetic tubes with outside diameters from 0.500 to 2.000 in. [12.70 to 50.80 mm],
with wall thicknesses in the range from 0.028 to 0.134 in. [0.71 to 3.40 mm].
1.3 This practice does not establish tube acceptance criteria; the tube acceptance criteria must be specified by the using parties.
1.4 Units—The values stated in either inch-poundSI units or SIinch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The
values stated in each system mayare not benecessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each
system shall be used independently of the other. Combiningother, and values from the two systems may result in nonconformance
with the standard.shall not be combined.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this practicestandard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine
the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E543 Specification for Agencies Performing Nondestructive Testing
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
3
2.2 ASNT Documents:
SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for Personnel Qualification and Certification in Nondestructive Testing
ANSI/ASNT-CP-189 Standard for Qualification and Certification of Nondestructive Testing Personnel
2.3 Other Documents:
4
Can CGSB-48.9712-95 Qualification of Nondestructive Testing Personnel, Natural Resources Canada
5
ISO 9712 Nondestructive Testing—Qualification and Certification of Nondestructive Testing Personnel
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nondestructive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.07 on Electromagnetic
Method.
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2016June 1, 2022. Published February 2016June 2022. Originally approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 20102016 as
E2096 - 10.E2096/E2096M – 16. DOI: 10.1520/E2096_E2096M-16.10.1520/E2096_E2096M-22.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E2096/E2096M − 22
6
NAS-410 Certification and Qualification of Nondestructive Testing Personnel
3. Terminology
3.1 General—Definitions of terms used in this practice can be found in Terminology E1316, Section A, “Common NDT Terms,”
and Section C, “Electromagnetic Testing.”
3.2 Definitions:
3.2.1 detector, n—one or more coils or elements used to sense or measure magnetic field; also known as a receiver.
3.2.2 exciter, n—a device that generates a time-varying electromagnetic field, usually a coil energized with alternating current (ac);
also known as a transmitter.
3.2.3 nominal tube, n—a tube or tube section meeting the tubing manufacturer’s specifications, with relevant properties typical of
a tube being examined, used for reference in interpretation and evaluation.
3.2.4 remote field, n—as applied to nondestructive testing, the electromagnetic field which has been transmitted through the test
object and is observable beyon
...