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ASTM F1848-98(2012)

(Classification)

Standard Classification for Search and Rescue Dog Crew/Teams

Standard Classification for Search and Rescue Dog Crew/Teams

ABSTRACT
This classification aids search and rescue managers in ordering resources for search and rescue incidents and to aid dog handlers in communicating the types of tasks for which they and their dogs have trained. This classification is intended as a supplement to the resource typing specifications of the Incident Command System and specifically as a means of typing search and rescue dog resources and is suitable for classifying dog resources for a wide variety of emergency management purposes including both search and rescue and law enforcement incidents. This classification does not attempt to put forth standards of performance or training for dogs or their handlers. Search and rescue dog under this classification is either Type I or Type II, based upon whether or not the dog can effectively discriminate between the human scent of different individuals. Kind classifications of SAR dog resources are based upon the specific tasks for which dogs are deployed and include: Kind A, area search dog; Kind B, avalanche search dog; Kind C, cadaver search dog; Kind D, disaster/collapsed structure search dog; Kind E, evidence search dog; Kind F, railing search dog; Kind G, tracking search dog; and Kind H, water search.
SCOPE
1.1 This classification aids search and rescue managers in ordering dog crew/team resources for search and rescue incidents and to aid dog handlers in communicating the types of tasks for which they and their dogs have trained.
1.2 This classification is intended as a supplement to the resource typing specifications of the Incident Command System and specifically as a means of typing search and rescue dog resources.
1.3 This classification is suitable for classifying dog resources for a wide variety of emergency management purposes including both search and rescue and law enforcement incidents.
1.4 This classification does not attempt to put forth standards of performance or training for dogs or their handlers. This is the responsibility of local agencies responsible for utilizing the resource.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Apr-2012
ICS
13.200 - Accident and disaster control
Technical Committee
F32 - Search and Rescue
Drafting Committee
F32.02 - Management and Operations
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM F1848-98(2005) - Standard Classification for Search and Rescue Dog Crew/Teams
Effective Date
01-May-2012
Referred By
ASTM F1847-14(2022) - Standard Guide for Minimum Training of Search Dog Crews or Teams
Effective Date
01-May-2012
Referred By
ASTM F1993-16(2022) - Standard Classification System of Human Land Search and Rescue Resources
Effective Date
01-May-2012
Referred By
ASTM F3070-14(2022) - Standard Guide for Evaluating Area Search Dog Crews or Teams
Effective Date
01-May-2012
Referred By
ASTM F1422-08(2020) - Standard Guide for Using the Incident Command System Framework in Managing Search and Rescue Operations
Effective Date
01-May-2012
Referred By
ASTM F1879-14(2020) - Standard Guide for Demonstrating Obedience and Agility in Search and Rescue Dogs
Effective Date
01-May-2012
Referred By
ASTM F3144-15(2022) - Standard Guide for Evaluating Trailing Search Dog Crews or Teams
Effective Date
01-May-2012
Referred By
ASTM F3222-16 - Standard Terminology Relating to F32 Land Search and Rescue Standards and Guides
Effective Date
01-May-2012

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ASTM F1848-98(2012) - Standard Classification for Search and Rescue Dog Crew/TeamsASTM F1848-98(2012) - Standard Classification for Search and Rescue Dog Crew/Teams
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ASTM F1848-98(2012) - Standard Classification for Search and Rescue Dog Crew/Teams
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Standards Content (Sample)


NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: F1848 −98(Reapproved 2012)
Standard Classification for
Search and Rescue Dog Crew/Teams
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1848; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.3 scent discrimination, n—the ability of a dog to distin-
guish between the scents of different individuals and to work
1.1 This classification aids search and rescue managers in
an assigned scent to complete a SAR activity.
ordering dog crew/team resources for search and rescue
3.1.4 tracking, v—a search dog action that requires the dog
incidents and to aid dog handlers in communicating the types
to put its nose within 1 to 2 ft (or m) of the target’s track as it
of tasks for which they and their dogs have trained.
moves towards the freshest scent.
1.2 This classification is intended as a supplement to the
3.1.5 trailing, v—a search dog action that allows the dog to
resource typing specifications of the Incident Command Sys-
range about a target’s trail in proportion to the rafts of scent as
tem and specifically as a means of typing search and rescue
it moves towards the freshest scent.
dog resources.
3.1.6 type, n—a classification that refers to resource capa-
1.3 This classification is suitable for classifying dog re-
bility.
sources for a wide variety of emergency management purposes
including both search and rescue and law enforcement inci-
3.1.7 typing, v—the classification of search and rescue
dents.
resources by type and kind.
1.4 This classification does not attempt to put forth stan-
3.2 Terminology not defined in this classification but refer-
dards of performance or training for dogs or their handlers.
enced in the text can be found in Terminology F1633.
This is the responsibility of local agencies responsible for
utilizing the resource.
4. Classification of Search and Rescue Dog Types
4.1 Typing of SAR dog resources is based upon the most
2. Referenced Documents
basic methods of using working dogs engaged in search and
2.1 ASTM Standards:
rescue activities.These two basic types are based upon whether
F1633 Guide for Techniques in Land Search or not the dog can effectively discriminate between the human
scent of different individuals.
3. Terminology
4.2 Type I—Trained to discriminate human scent, and
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
4.3 Type II—Not trained to discriminate human scent.
3.1.1 air-scenting, v—a search dog action which requires
the dog to search for human scent within a defined search area.
5. Classification of Search and Rescue Dog Kinds
3.1.2 kind, n—a classification of a group of similar team/
5.1 Kind classifications of SAR dog resources are based
crew functions.
upon the specific tasks for which dogs are deployed.
5.2 Kind A—Area Search Dog—SAR dog teams trained to
search moderately large unstructured areas of varied terrain.
This class
...

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4.1 This guide establishes a minimum standard for training of SAR personnel who conduct operations in mountainous terrain.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This guide establishes the minimum training, including general and field knowledge, skills, and abilities, for search and rescue personnel who conduct operations in mountainous terrain.  
1.2 A Mountain Endorsement is intended only for those individuals capable of operating in the difficult conditions found in mountainous terrain, at altitudes that may have a negative impact on human physiology.  
1.3 Specifically, Mountain Endorsed individuals may, under qualified supervision, perform their normal duties safely and effectively in mountainous terrain.  
1.4 A Mountain Endorsement alone is not sufficient to indicate that an individual has the knowledge, skills, and/or abilities to perform any specific duties, including search and rescue operations, other than those defined within this guide.  
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4.1 This guide establishes the minimum standard for training Land Search and Rescue Strike Team/Task Force Leaders as it relates to their general, field, and search and rescue specific knowledge, skills, and abilities.  
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4.4 It is the responsibility of the AHJ to determine the depth or detail of training needed to meet the requirements in this guide, and it may include additional requirements for its own members.  
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1.1 This guide establishes the minimum training for Land SAR Strike Team/Task Force Leaders as it relates to their general, field, and search and rescue specific knowledge, skills, and abilities.  
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4.1 This guide establishes the minimum level of training required to provide awareness-level knowledge for personnel operating in and around the areas and operations listed in 1.1.  
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4.5 This guide may be used to augment other training for a searcher and/or rescuer.  
4.6 This guide by itself is not a training document. It is only an outline of some of the topics required for training or evaluating a searcher and/or rescuer, although it can be used to develop a training document or program.  
4.7 It is the responsibility of the AHJ to determine the depth or detail of training needed to meet its training requirements.  
4.8 Nothing in this guide precludes an AHJ from adding additional requirements.  
4.9 This guide does not stand alone but must be used with the referenced documents to provide the specific minimum training needed by a ground searcher and/or rescuer operating in these areas.  
4.10 This guide can be used as a reference for training of searchers, rescuers, or both.  
4.11 The information presented in the following sections is not in any particular order and does not represent a training sequence.  
4.12 It is the responsibility of the AHJ to determine the evaluation process to assess a person’s knowledge. This may be by written exam, oral exam, demonstration, or some other means specified by the AHJ.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide is intended for training those who normally work in natural environments solely subject to terrain and weather-related risks who may be asked to respond to, or who may encounter, the operations defined in 1.2.  
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1.2.1 Land search;  
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1.5 The AHJ shall determine what level of training constitutes sufficient competence for search and rescue personnel to enter areas or carry out missions, which include the hazards described in this guide.  
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1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide establishes a minimum standard for training of SAR personnel who conduct operations in an alpine environment.  
4.1.1 Alpine Endorsed individuals are required to have, at a minimum, the knowledge, skills, and abilities pertaining to safe movement individually, or as a member of a team, in an alpine environment.  
4.1.2 Every person who is identified as Alpine Endorsed shall meet the requirements of this guide.  
4.1.3 Alpine Endorsed individuals shall be entitled to add the prefixes “Alpine Endorsed” and “Mountain Endorsed” to their current training levels.4  
4.2 This guide only establishes the minimum knowledge, skills, and abilities required for a person to operate in an alpine environment as a part of a larger team. No other skills are included or implied.  
4.3 An Alpine Endorsement indicates that a person is qualified to operate safely and effectively in the alpine environment in his or her normal area of operations.  
4.3.1 An Alpine Endorsement alone does not indicate that an individual possesses adequate field skills and knowledge to make mission-critical decisions.  
4.4 This guide is an outline of the topics required for training or evaluating an Alpine Endorsed individual, and may be used to assist in the development of a training document or program.  
4.5 This guide can be used to evaluate a document to determine if its content includes the topics necessary for training individuals to operate in the alpine environment. Likewise, this guide can be used to evaluate an existing training program to see if it meets the requirements in this guide.  
4.6 The knowledge, skills, and abilities presented in the following sections are not in any particular order and do not represent a training sequence.  
4.7 This guide does not stand alone and must be used with other ASTM standards to identify the knowledge, skills, and abilities needed to conduct search and/or rescue in the alpine environment.  
4.8 Though this guide establishes only mi...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide establishes the minimum training, including general and field knowledge, skills, and abilities, for search and rescue personnel who conduct operations in an alpine environment.  
1.2 An Alpine Endorsement is intended only for those individuals capable of operating in the extreme conditions of the alpine environment, at altitudes that are likely to have a negative impact on human physiology.  
1.2.1 Specifically, Alpine Endorsed individuals may, under qualified supervision, perform their normal duties safely and effectively in an alpine environment.  
1.2.2 In addition, Alpine Endorsed individuals may, under qualified supervision, perform their normal duties safely and effectively in mountainous terrain alone.  
1.3 An Alpine Endorsement alone is not sufficient to indicate that an individual has the knowledge, skills, and/or abilities to perform any specific duties, including search and rescue operations, other than those defined in this guide.  
1.4 This guide alone does not provide the minimum training requirements for performing operations in partially or fully collapsed structures, in or on water, in confined spaces, or underground (such as in caves, mines, and tunnels).  
1.5 An Alpine Endorsed individual may be a member of a Mountainous or Alpine Land Search Team or Task Force or Group, as defined in Classification F1993.  
1.6 Alpine Endorsed SAR personnel must work under qualified supervision as deemed appropriate by the Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ).  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established i...

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Standard Guide for Evaluating Area Search Dog Crews or Teams

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
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4.1.1 An area search dog crew or team which meets the requirements in this guide is a Canine Search Resource of the category Area Search Dog as defined in Classification F1848 for Canine Search Resources.  
4.1.2 Additional differentiation of the specific Canine Search Resource is defined in Classification F1848 for Canine Search Resources.  
4.2 This guide only establishes the minimum knowledge, skills, and abilities required for an area search dog crew or team to perform area searches. No other skills are included or implied.  
4.3 This guide is an outline of the topics required for training or evaluating an area search dog team or crew, and may be used to assist in the development of a training document or program.  
4.4 This guide can be used to evaluate a document to determine if its content includes the topics necessary for training area search dog crews or teams. Likewise, this guide can be used to evaluate an existing training program to see if it meets the requirements in this guide.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This guide defines the knowledge, skills, and abilities required for a dog crew or team to perform an area search.  
1.2 Area search dog crews or teams perform searches on the surface of the land, including open urban or wilderness areas, as well as mountainous terrain and alpine environments.  
1.2.1 Additional training shall be required for area search dog crews or teams that search in mountainous terrain, alpine environments, or underground.  
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1.5 Area search dog crews or teams must work under qualified supervision deemed appropriate by the AHJ.  
1.6 This guide does not provide a theoretical basis for how an area search dog crew or team functions.  
1.7 Search dog crews or teams are eligible to be members of Type I and II SAR crews or teams of the following Kinds, as defined in Classification F1993:  
1.7.1 Kind A (Wilderness),  
1.7.2 Kind B (Urban),  
1.7.3 Kind C (Mountainous),  
1.7.4 Kind G (Cave),  
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1.4 This guide does not provide a theoretical basis for how a search dog crew operates; rather it describes the minimum knowledge, skills, and abilities required for a search dog crew to function safely and effectively.  
1.5 A search dog crew is able to respond into the field and back country to locate subjects in the wilderness environment.  
1.6 A search dog crew is required to have, at a minimum, the knowledge, skills, and abilities outlined within this guide.  
1.7 Search dog crews are eligible to be members of Type I and II SAR teams or crews as defined in Classification F1993.  
1.7.1 Personnel trained in accordance with this guide may be members of Type I and II teams or crews of Kind A (Wilderness), Kind B (Urban), Kind C (Mountainous), Kind D (Disaster/collapsed structure), Kind E (Inland water), Kind I (Avalanche), and Kind J (Evidence/human remains), and may operate in urban and disaster areas that may be isolated or have lost their infrastructure.  
1.8 Further training may be required before a search dog crew can fully participate on a particular type and kind of team or crew, based on specific local need, regulations, or policies.  
1.9 Search dog crews shall work under qualified supervision, as deemed appropriate by the authority having jurisdiction (AHJ).  
1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.11 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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    3 pages
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ASTM
ASTM F1848-14(2022)(Classification)
Standard Classification System for Canine Search Resources

ABSTRACT
This classification aids search and rescue managers in ordering resources for search and rescue incidents and to aid dog handlers in communicating the types of tasks for which they and their dogs have trained. This classification is intended as a supplement to the resource typing specifications of the Incident Command System and specifically as a means of typing search and rescue dog resources and is suitable for classifying dog resources for a wide variety of emergency management purposes including both search and rescue and law enforcement incidents. This classification does not attempt to put forth standards of performance or training for dogs or their handlers. Search and rescue dog under this classification is either Type I or Type II, based upon whether or not the dog can effectively discriminate between the human scent of different individuals. Kind classifications of SAR dog resources are based upon the specific tasks for which dogs are deployed and include: Kind A, area search dog; Kind B, avalanche search dog; Kind C, cadaver search dog; Kind D, disaster/collapsed structure search dog; Kind E, evidence search dog; Kind F, railing search dog; Kind G, tracking search dog; and Kind H, water search.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This standard may be used to classify canine search resources (commonly referred to as search dog teams or crews) for emergency management operations, including search and rescue and law enforcement missions.  
4.2 Classification of canine search resources is based upon the training of the dog and its handler and their ability to perform specific tasks.  
4.3 Canine search resources are classified by category, kind, and type.  
4.4 A canine search resource may be more than one category.  
4.5 A canine search resource may be more than one kind.  
4.6 A particular kind of canine search resource can only be one type.  
4.7 A canine search resource’s type can vary, depending on its kind.
SCOPE
1.1 This classification system defines canine search resources in terms of their training and capabilities.  
1.2 This classification system is intended to aid emergency managers ordering resources for search and rescue incidents. These classifications also provide a means by which dog handlers can convey to emergency management the tasks for which they and their dogs are trained.  
1.3 This classification system does not define standards of performance or training for canine search resources.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM F3069-14(2022)(Guide)
Standard Guide for Requirements for Bodies That Operate Certification Programs in the Field of Search and Rescue

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 A certification body issuing certifications in the field of search and rescue is required to meet the requirements identified in this guide.  
4.2 This guide can be used by an authority having jurisdiction to determine whether to accept a certification from a certification body.  
4.3 This guide can be used by an authority having jurisdiction to validate audit a certifying body.  
4.4 This guide can be used by a certifying body to validate that its certification scheme, certification process, and certification system meet industry standards.  
4.5 Any certification body operating in accordance to ANSI-ISO-IEC 17024 or equivalent shall be considered to be in compliance with this standard.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide defines the organizational structure, policies, and procedures required to operate a certification program in the field of search and rescue.  
1.2 Certifications are used by authorities having jurisdiction as a component to their credentialing process, typically to demonstrate one component of an individual’s ability to field.  
1.3 Certifications are typically provided by third party, disinterested providers and are commonly used to validate an individual’s, team’s, or authority having jurisdiction’s training program in a particular area.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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    4 pages
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