ASTM E683-91(1995)e1
(Practice)Standard Practice for Installation and Service of Solar Space Heating Systems for One- and Two-Family Dwellings
Standard Practice for Installation and Service of Solar Space Heating Systems for One- and Two-Family Dwellings
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers solar space heating systems for one- and two-family dwellings. It sets forth acceptable installation and service practices to help ensure adequate performance, safety, and consumer satisfaction.
1.2 This practice is intended to describe acceptable practices for space heating systems in new and existing dwellings and shall not be construed as the optimization of good practices.
1.3 This practice does not apply to Rankine cycle, heat pump, or high pressure vapor systems.
1.4 This practice is not intended to abridge safety or health requirements. All systems shall be installed in accordance with local codes and ordinances.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (For specific safety precautions, see Section 6).
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e1
Designation: E 683 – 91 (Reapproved 1995) An American National Standard
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM
Standard Practice for
Installation and Service of Solar Space Heating Systems for
One- and Two-Family Dwellings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 683; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
e NOTE—Keywords were added editorially in October 1995.
1. Scope Supplement—Solar Heating and Domestic Hot Water
Systems
1.1 This practice covers solar space heating systems for
one- and two-family dwellings. It sets forth acceptable instal-
3. Terminology
lation and service practices to help ensure adequate perfor-
3.1 Definitions:
mance, safety, and consumer satisfaction.
3.1.1 air handling unit, n—a device used for distributing
1.2 This practice is intended to describe acceptable practices
conditioned air supply to a room, space, or area.
for space heating systems in new and existing dwellings and
3.1.2 building, n—a structure erected and framed of com-
shall not be construed as the optimization of good practices.
ponent structural members designed for the housing, shelter, or
1.3 This practice does not apply to Rankine cycle, heat
support of persons, animals, or property.
pump, or high pressure vapor systems.
3.1.3 code, n—a set of applicable regulations which a
1.4 This practice is not intended to abridge safety or health
jurisdiction has lawfully adopted.
requirements. All systems shall be installed in accordance with
3.1.4 collector, solar thermal, n—a device designed to
local codes and ordinances.
absorb solar irradiance and to transfer the energy to a fluid
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
passing through it. (E 772)
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.5 collector subsystem, n—that portion of the solar sys-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
tem which includes the solar collectors and related piping or
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
ducts. (E 772)
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. (For specific safety
3.1.6 distribution subsystem, n—that portion of the solar
precautions, see Section 6).
system from the storage device to the point of ultimate use.
2. Referenced Documents (E 772)
3.1.7 energy (heat) transfer fluid, n—the medium used to
2.1 ASTM Standards:
transfer energy from the solar collectors to the storage medium.
E 772 Terminology Relating to Solar Energy Conversion
3.1.8 potable water, n—water that is satisfactory for drink-
2.2 ANSI Standards:
ing and culinary purposes, meeting the requirements of the
A58.1 Building Code Requirements for Minimum Design
health department having jurisdiction. (E 772)
Loads in Buildings and Other Structures.
3.1.9 pressure relief device, n—a pressure-activated valve
C1 National Electrical Code
designed to automatically relieve excessive pressure.
Z97.1 Performance Specifications and Methods of Test for
3.1.10 shall, vi—as used in this practice, a term used to
Safety Glazing Materials Used in Buildings
denote a mandatory requirement.
2.3 Other Standards:
3.1.11 should, vi—as used in this practice, a term used to
Installation Standards for One- and Two-Family Dwellings
4 denote a recommendation.
and Multi-Family Housing, Including Solar
3.2 solar system, n—a configuration of equipment and
HUD Intermediate Minimum Property Standards
components used to absorb, convey, store, convert, and distrib-
ute the energy from the sun.
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E-44 on Solar,
4. Collector Subsystems
Geothermal, and Other Alternative Energy Sources, and is the direct responsibility
4.1 Collectors shall be installed in accordance with the
of Subcommittee E44.05 on Solar Heating and Cooling Subsystems and Systems.
Current edition approved Feb. 22, 1991. Published July 1991.
instructions provided by the collector manufacturer and de-
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 12.02.
signer, in compliance with local codes and ordinances.
Available from American National Standards Institute, 11 W. 42nd St., 13th
Floor, New York, NY 10036.
Available from Sheet Metal and Air-Conditioning Contractors National Assn.,
8224 Old Courthouse Rd., Vienna, VA 22180. Available from HUD USER, P.O. Box 6091, Rockville, MD 20850.
E 683
4.2 Structural supports shall be constructed to support the located on or adjacent to construction required to be of
collector under all anticipated extremes of environmental noncombustible materials or in special fire zones.
conditions and to withstand local conditions and anticipated 4.17 Collectors should be mounted in a manner so as to take
loads, such as wind, earthquake, rain, snow, ice, and freezing the best advantage of the sun’s energy.
temperatures, so that the solar system does not impair the
5. Thermal Storage Devices
resistivity to damage of the building. Additional weight of
5.1 Thermal storage devices shall be installed in accordance
collectors shall not exceed dead weight limitations of the
with the instructions provided by the manufacturer, in compli-
building structure, foundation, or soil. Conversely, collector
ance with local codes and ordinances. Consideration shall be
supports shall not impose undue stresses on the collectors.
given to the type of service, temperature, storage media, design
4.3 Structural supports shall be constructed to maintain
pressures, connections, flow, thermal storage capacity, mixing,
collector tilt and orientation within design conditions through-
and stratification, etc.
out the life of the solar system.
5.2 Liquid storage devices shall be leak-tested in accor-
4.4 Structural supports shall be installed in a manner such
dance with recognized national standards.
that the integrity, weather resistance, and fire resistance of the
5.3 Nonliquid storage devices need not be leak-tested unless
building are not adversely affected. Joints between support
a safety hazard or contamination could result from a storage
structures and building shall be caulked or flashed, or both, to
device failure or if leakage could result in deterioration of the
prevent water leakage. Access shall be provided to permit
storage capacity.
minor repairs to flashing and caulking without disturbing roof,
5.4 Above ground storage devices shall be selected and
collector supports, or collector panels.
installed to withstand all anticipated loads resulting from wind,
4.5 Collectors shall be installed so as not to contribute to
hail, snow, and seismic conditions (where applicable). Protec-
moisture buildup, rotting, or other accelerated deterioration of
tive coatings, casing materials, or enclosures shall be provided
roofing materials.
to prevent damage from continuous exposure to weather. Wood
4.6 Collectors and supports shall be installed in a manner
structural members shall be protected against deterioration
such that water flowing off the collector surface will not
from weathering, dry rot, ants, termites, and other adverse
accumulate on the roof surfaces, so as to form ice dams or
conditions. Footings and foundations shall support the storage
cause water damage to the building, or both. Provisions shall
device under all anticipated extremes of soil conditions.
be taken to minimize buildup of snow upon collectors, which
5.5 Underground storage devices shall be selected and
may reduce their effectiveness.
installed to withstand all anticipated loads resulting from soil,
4.7 Structural supports shall be selected and installed in a
hydrostatic, and foundation. Such devices shall be anchored to
manner, such that thermal expansion of collector will not cause
prevent flotation resulting from flooding or high ground water
damage to the collector, structural frame, or building.
levels (where applicable). Protective coatings, casing material,
4.8 Pipe hangers, supports, expansion devices, and insula-
enclosures, or cathodic protection shall be provided to prevent
tion shall be provided to compensate for thermal expansion
damage from exposure to soil conditions and electrolytic
effects and to minimize thermal losses. Care shall be exercised
action.
during their installation to prevent damage to connections on
5.6 Underground storage devices subject to overhead ve-
the collector or collector casing.
hicular traffic shall be designed and installed to withstand the
4.9 Interconnecting piping or ducting shall be installed to
additional load applied by this traffic.
minimize flow restrictions and to provide balanced flow. Piping
5.7 Insulation shall be provided to minimize thermal losses
shall be installed to allow for filling and draining.
from storage devices, related piping, and duct work. Insulation
4.10 Safe access to components subject to deterioration or
shall be suitable for the application, site, and occupancy
failure, such as rubber hoses, joint sealants, and cover plates
conditions. Underground storage devices shall be given special
shall be provided to allow for maintenance or repair. For
consideration to prevent deterioration of insulating properties
roof-mounted collectors, the work space adjacent to collectors
by compression, water penetration, or bacterial action.
and provisions for safe placement of ladders shall be consid-
5.8 Care shall be exercised during the installation of the
ered.
storage device to prevent damage to such device and insulation
4.11 Safety protection shall be provided to prevent injury to
material during handling, mounting, backfilling, packing, or
personnel from contact with readily accessible hot surfaces.
other installation procedures.
4.12 Collectors mounted at ground level shall be provided
5.9 Liquid storage devices shall be provided with means for
with protective fencing, guard rails, and warning signs in
draining its contents. All above-ground liquid storage devices
compliance with local codes and ordinances.
shall have a valved pipe or bibb at the lowest point for
4.13 Protection of collectors and components shall be pro-
drainage. Underground liquid storage devices shall have pro-
vided during handling and installation to prevent damage from
visions for utilizing a pump, siphon, or other device for
environmental exposure.
draining.
4.14 Glazings of collectors mounted at ground level shall
5.10 When required by design, liquid storage devices shall
meet the requirements specified in ANSI Z97.1.
have a level gage or other device to indicate when the tank is
4.15 Frames and braces used in collector construction shall full of liquid. If liquid storage devices are provided with
be made of materials suitable for exterior location.
overflows, the outlets shall be located so that spillage will not
4.16 Collectors made of combustible materials shall not be run into the building structure or damage the premises. Fill
E 683
devices shall be installed with approved backflow prevention not interfere with the normal operation of windows, doors, or
devices as required by local codes or ordinances, to prevent other exit openings. Piping, ducting, and equipment shall be
contamination of potable water supplies. installed in a manner so as to prevent damage to such piping,
5.11 Manholes or access openings shall be provided to ducting, and equipment; prevent injury to persons; and in
permit access to components inside of the storage device. accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions and in com-
5.12 Storage devices installed on a roof or in an attic shall pliance with local codes and ordinances.
be provided with a drip pan whose outlet is piped to an
7.2 Underground piping subject to overhead vehicular traf-
adequate drain.
fic shall be installed to withstand the additional load applied by
this traffic.
6. Controls and Safety Devices
7.3 Piping shall be installed to facilitate drainage of liquid
6.1 Controls and safety devices shall be selected so that, in
systems. Isolation valves shall be provided so that major
the event of a power failure or a failure of any component,
components of solar heating systems can be maintained or
temperatures or pressures in the system, or both, will not
serviced.
damage other components or the building, nor present a danger
7.4 Insulation shall be provided to minimize thermal losses
to people. Such devices shall be installed in accordance with
from piping and ducting. Insulation shall be suitable for the
the manufacturer’s instructions and in compliance with local
application and location. Underground installations shall be
codes and ordinances. Solar systems shall be selected and
given special consideration to prevent deterioration of insulat-
installed to fail safe.
ing properties by compression, water penetration, or bacterial
6.2 Controls shall be selected and installed so that the solar
action.
components and auxiliary components will operate in concert
7.5 Air-bleed provisions shall be required at the high points
and independently. Controls shall be designed to revert to the
of liquid systems so that air can be purged from the liquid
most economical mode.
circuit during filling and normal operations.
6.3 Adequately sized pressure or temperature relief devices,
7.6 Suitable connections shall be provided for filling, drain-
or both, shall be provided in those isolated parts of the solar
ing, and flushing liquid systems.
system containing pressurized fluids. Relief valves shall drain
7.7 Air-type systems shall be provided with adequate, re-
to locations acceptable to local codes and ordinances. Precau-
movable filtering devices to allow initial cleaning and contin-
tion shall be taken to assure that heat transfer fluids, which may
ued filtering to minimize excessive contamination during
be hazardous, do not discharge onto the roof or other parts of
operation.
the structure, causing structural damage, building finish discol-
7.8 Piping shall be leak-tested before enclosing, backfilling,
oration, damage to shrubs and lawns, or danger to people.
or insulating. Caution shall be exercised so that excess pressure
6.4 Expansion tanks shall be provided where required, as
is not applied to the system. The manufacturer of the system or
part of the solar heating system to provide for thermal
components shall be consulted for recommended test pressure
expansion of heat-transfer liquids. Expansion tanks shall be
and procedures.
sized for the operating temperature ranges.
7.9 Ducts shall be constructed and instal
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