ASTM C1000-19
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Radiochemical Determination of Uranium Isotopes in Soil by Alpha Spectrometry
Standard Test Method for Radiochemical Determination of Uranium Isotopes in Soil by Alpha Spectrometry
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is used to analyze soil for alpha-emitting uranium isotopes. It can be used to establish baseline uranium levels and to monitor depositions from nuclear facilities.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of alpha-emitting uranium isotopes in soil. This test method describes one acceptable approach to the determination of uranium isotopes in soil.2
1.2 The test method is designed to analyze 10 g of soil. This test method may not be able to completely dissolve all forms of uranium in the soil matrix. Studies have indicated that the use of hydrofluoric acid to dissolve soil has resulted in lower values than results using total dissolution by fusion.
1.3 The lower limit of detection is dependent on count time, sample size, detector, background, and tracer yield. The chemical yield averaged 78 % in a single laboratory evaluation, and 66 % in an interlaboratory collaborative study.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 11.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: C1000 − 19
Standard Test Method for
Radiochemical Determination of Uranium Isotopes in Soil by
1
Alpha Spectrometry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1000; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This test method covers the determination of alpha-
C859 Terminology Relating to Nuclear Materials
emitting uranium isotopes in soil. This test method describes
C998 Practice for Sampling Surface Soil for Radionuclides
one acceptable approach to the determination of uranium
2
C999 Practice for Soil Sample Preparation for the Determi-
isotopes in soil.
nation of Radionuclides
1.2 The test method is designed to analyze 10 g of soil.This
C1163 Practice for MountingActinides forAlpha Spectrom-
testmethodmaynotbeabletocompletelydissolveallformsof
etry Using Neodymium Fluoride
uranium in the soil matrix. Studies have indicated that the use
C1284 Practice for Electrodeposition of the Actinides for
of hydrofluoric acid to dissolve soil has resulted in lower Alpha Spectrometry
values than results using total dissolution by fusion. D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D3084 Practice for Alpha-Particle Spectrometry of Water
1.3 The lower limit of detection is dependent on count time,
D3648 Practices for the Measurement of Radioactivity
sample size, detector, background, and tracer yield. The
D7282 Practice for Set-up, Calibration, and Quality Control
chemicalyieldaveraged78 %inasinglelaboratoryevaluation,
of Instruments Used for Radioactivity Measurements
and 66 % in an interlaboratory collaborative study.
3. Terminology
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3.1 Except as otherwise defined herein, definition of terms
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
are given in Terminology C859.
only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the 4. Summary of Test Method
232
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.1 Asoil sample to which U tracer is added is heated to
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
destroy organic matter and dissolved with a mixture of hydro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
fluoric acid and nitric acid. The uranium is coprecipitated with
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
ferric hydroxide and the precipitate is dissolved with hydro-
Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 11.
chloric acid. Iron is removed by extraction with isopropyl
ether, and plutonium, radium, and thorium are separated from
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- uranium by anion exchange. Uranium is electrodeposited on a
stainless steel disk and determined by alpha spectrometry. As
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
an option, the uranium may be prepared for alpha spectromet-
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
ric measurement by using coprecipitation with neodymium
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
fluoride.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This test method is used to analyze soil for alpha-
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C26 on Nuclear
emitting uranium isotopes. It can be used to establish baseline
Fuel Cycle and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C26.05 on Methods of
uranium levels and to monitor depositions from nuclear facili-
Test.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2019. Published December 2019. Originally
ties.
approved in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as C1000 – 11. DOI:
10.1520/C1000-19.
2 3
Casella, V. A., Bishop, C. T., and Glosby, A. A., “Radiometric Method for the For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Determination of Uranium in Soil andAir,” U.S. Environmental ProtectionAgency, contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
EPA-600/7-80-019, Las Vegas, NV, February 1980; and in Practices D3084 and Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
D3648. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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C1000 − 19
6. Interferences 8.2 Purity of
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C1000 − 11 C1000 − 19
Standard Test Method for
Radiochemical Determination of Uranium Isotopes in Soil by
1
Alpha Spectrometry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1000; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of alpha-emitting uranium isotopes in soil. This test method describes one
2
acceptable approach to the determination of uranium isotopes in soil.
1.2 The test method is designed to analyze 10 g of soil; however, the sample size may be varied to 50 g depending on the activity
level. soil. This test method may not be able to completely dissolve all forms of uranium in the soil matrix. Studies have indicated
that the use of hydrofluoric acid to dissolve soil has resulted in lower values than results using total dissolution by fusion.
1.3 The lower limit of detection is dependent on count time, sample size, detector, background, and tracer yield. The chemical
yield averaged 78 % in a single laboratory evaluation, and 66 % in an interlaboratory collaborative study.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. A specific precautionary statement isSpecific precautionary statements are given
in Section 1011.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C859 Terminology Relating to Nuclear Materials
C998 Practice for Sampling Surface Soil for Radionuclides
C999 Practice for Soil Sample Preparation for the Determination of Radionuclides
C1163 Practice for Mounting Actinides for Alpha Spectrometry Using Neodymium Fluoride
C1284 Practice for Electrodeposition of the Actinides for Alpha Spectrometry
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D3084 Practice for Alpha-Particle Spectrometry of Water
D3648 Practices for the Measurement of Radioactivity
D7282 Practice for Set-up, Calibration, and Quality Control of Instruments Used for Radioactivity Measurements
3. Terminology
3.1 Except as otherwise defined herein, definition of terms are given in Terminology C859.
4. Summary of Test Method
232
4.1 A soil sample with uranium-232to which U tracer is added is heated to destroy organic matter and dissolved with a
mixture of hydrofluoric acid and nitric acid. The uranium is coprecipitated with ferric hydroxide and the precipitate is dissolved
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C26 on Nuclear Fuel Cycle and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C26.05 on Methods of Test.
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2011Nov. 1, 2019. Published February 2011December 2019. Originally approved in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 20052011
as C1000 – 05.C1000 – 11. DOI: 10.1520/C1000-11.10.1520/C1000-19.
2
Casella, V. A., Bishop, C. T., and Glosby, A. A., “Radiometric Method for the Determination of Uranium in Soil and Air,” U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
EPA-600/7-80-019, Las Vegas, NV, February 1980; and in Practices D3084 and D3648.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C1000 − 19
with hydrochloric acid. Iron is removed by extraction with isopropyl ether, and plutonium, radium, and thorium are separated from
uranium by anion exchange. Uranium is electrodeposited on a stainless steel disk and determined by alpha spectrometry. As an
option, the uran
...
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